ContentProvider
内容提供器(ContentProvider)主要用于不同的应用程序之间实现数据共享的功能
要访问共享的数据,就一定要借助ContentResolver类,可以通过getContentResolver()方法或得该类的实例,通过这个方法提供的方法可以对共享的数据进行增删改查,ContentProvider中的增删改查方法都不接收表名参数而是通过一个Uri参数代替,这个参数称为内容的URI。内容URI由两部分组成,权限(authority)和路径(path)。权限用于对不同的应用程序作区分,用包名命名权限,例如包名为:com.example.app,那么程序对应的权限名称为com.example.app.provider
resolver = getContentResolver();
Uri uri= ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI;
Cursor cursor=resolver.query(uri,new String[]{ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER,
ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME},null,null,null);
cursor.moveToFirst();
例如想要访问电话薄里的联系人信息,就需要声明权限,就需要在AndroidManifest.XML中增加一条代码如下:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"/>
还有在ContentResolver的query()方法来查询系统的联系人数据。传入的参数ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone类已经封装好了,提供了一个.CONTENT_URI常量,联系人名字对应的常量是
ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME,联系人手机号对应的常量是ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER
具体的实例:ContentResolve.java
package com.example.administrator.controlapplication;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.ContactsContract;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2015/9/8.
*/
public class ContentResolver extends Activity{
private Button btn_read;
private android.content.ContentResolver resolver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_contentresolver);
btn_read= (Button) findViewById(R.id.readfriends);
btn_read.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
resolver = getContentResolver();
Uri uri= ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI;
Cursor cursor=resolver.query(uri,new String[]{ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER,
ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME},null,null,null);
cursor.moveToFirst();
while(!cursor.isAfterLast()){
String []names=cursor.getColumnNames();
StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();
for(String name:names){
String value=cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(name));
buffer.append("字段名"+name+" 字段值"+value);
}
Log.d("联系人",""+buffer);
cursor.moveToNext();
}
}
});
}
}
BroadcastReceiver
BroadcastReceiver是一种广播接收器
广播接收器需要在要接受的广播进行注册,才能在广播发出时,广播接收器能够接受到广播,注册广播分为两种,在代码中注册和在
AndroidManifest.xml中注册,前者是动态注册,后者是静态注册
静态的注册广播
首先新建一个简单的继承于BroadcastReceiver的类,如下:
public class BroadcastReceiverActivity extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context,"我接收到了广播",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
然后再AndroidManifest.xml中< application>标签中添加一个新的标签< receiver>,所有的静态的注册广播接收器都在这里,通过一个< android:name>来制定注册拿一个广播接收器,然后在< infent-filter>标签里加入想要加入的广播就行了,如下:
<receiver android:name=".BroadcastReceiverActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.myreceiver.test"></action>
<action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE"></action>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED"></action>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
动态的注册广播
动态的注册广播,在代码里实现,创建一个IntentFilter和BroadcastReceiverActivity的实例,调用registerReceiver(),然后将这两个实例对象传进去
mBroadcast=new BroadcastReceiverActivity();
IntentFilter filter=new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction("com.myreceiver.test");
registerReceiver(mBroadcast,filter);
动态注册的广播接收器一定都要取消注册才行,要在onDestroy()中通过调用unregisterReceiver()方法来实现。
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unregisterReceiver(mBroadcast);
}
在AndroidManifest.xml中加入
<receiver android:name=".BroadcastReceiverActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE"></action>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED"></action>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
自定义的广播MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private Button btn_receiver;
private android.content.ContentResolver resolver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
btn_receiver= (Button) findViewById(R.id.receiver);
btn_receiver.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent=new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.myreceiver.test");
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
});
}
BroadcastReceiverActivity.java
public class BroadcastReceiverActivity extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context,"我接收到了广播",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.administrator.controlapplication" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"></uses-permission>
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/youtube_ico"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".ContentResolver"
android:label="ContentResolver" >
</activity>
<receiver android:name=".BroadcastReceiverActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.myreceiver.test"></action>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest
简单地设置闹钟
利用广播机制可以简单地设置闹钟,可以通过getBroadcast(Context context, int requestCode, Intent intent, int flags)从系统取得一个用于向BroadcastReceiver的Intent广播的PendingIntent对象
1、context 将在这个PendingIntent 的内容context 进行广播
2、requestCode 发送端的私人请求码(目前未使用)。
3、intent 被广播的Intent
4、flags 可以
flag_one_shot,flag_no_create,flag_cancel_current,flag_update_current,或任何的旗帜支持byintent。fillin()控制指定部分的意图,可以提供实际发生时发送。
FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT:如果当前系统中已经存在一个相同的PendingIntent对象,那么就将先将已有的PendingIntent取消,然后重新生成一个PendingIntent对象。
调用AlarmManager的setRepeating()方法设置闹钟的显示时间
type:表示警报类型,一般可以取的值是AlarmManager.RTC和AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP。如果将type参数值设为AlarmManager.RTC,表示是一个正常的定时器,如果将type参数值设为AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP,除了有定时器的功能外,还会发出警报声(例如,响铃、震动)。
triggerAtTime:第1次运行时要等待的时间,也就是执行延迟时间,单位是毫秒。
interval:表示执行的时间间隔,单位是毫秒。
operation:一个PendingIntent对象,表示到时间后要执行的操作。PendingIntent与Intent类似,可以封装Activity、BroadcastReceiver和Service。但与Intent不同的是,PendingIntent可以脱离应用程序而存在。
PendingIntent pendingIntent=PendingIntent.getBroadcast(getApplication(),0x23,intent,PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
mAlarmManager.setRepeating(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP,System.currentTimeMillis()+5000,3000,pendingIntent);
当然需要不想闹钟一直响,就需要一个取消闹钟的方法,只需调用AlarmManager的cancel()方法即可。
Intent intent=new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.myreceiver.test");
PendingIntent pendingIntent=PendingIntent.getBroadcast(getApplication(),0x23,intent,PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
mAlarmManager.cancel(pendingIntent);
BroadcastReceiverActivity .java
public class BroadcastReceiverActivity extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context,"闹钟响了,该起床了",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
Service
Service需要在AndroidManifest.xml中进行注册
<service android:name=".MyService"></service>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.administrator.controlapplication" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"></uses-permission>
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/youtube_ico"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".ContentResolver"
android:label="ContentResolver" >
</activity>
<receiver android:name=".BroadcastReceiverActivity">
<intent-filter>
<!--<action android:name="com.myreceiver.test"></action>-->
<action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE"></action>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED"></action>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<service android:name=".MyService"></service>
<service android:name=".MyIntentService"></service>
</application>
</manifest>
首先要写一个继承于Service的类,
MyService.java
public class MyService extends Service{
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.d("运行到了","onCreate");
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d("运行到了","onDestroy");
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.d("运行到了","onStartCommand");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
}
MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private Button btn_start_service;
private Button btn_stop_service;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
btn_start_service= (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_service);
btn_start_service.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent=new Intent(getApplicationContext(),MyService.class);
startService(intent);
}
});
btn_stop_service= (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop_service);
btn_stop_service.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent=new Intent(getApplicationContext(),MyService.class);
stopService(intent);
}
});
}
BroadcastReceiverActivity.java
public class BroadcastReceiverActivity extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context,"确定要删除了此应用吗",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}