Lua middleclass(v4.1) 解析

A simple OOP library for Lua. It has inheritance, metamethods (operators), class variables and weak mixin support.
https://github.com/kikito/middleclass

函数功能解析

1. _createClasss(aClass, super)

返回默认的表

  local dict = {}
  dict.__index = dict

  local aClass = { name = name, super = super, static = {},
                   __instanceDict = dict, __declaredMethods = {},
                   subclasses = setmetatable({}, {__mode='k'})  }

创建一个table，包含下列属性：
* name 类名
* super 父类的table
* static 静态表
* __instanceDict 存放类定义的属性和函数(包含父类)
* __decaredMethod （当前类声明的方法，不包含父类）
* subclasses 子类表， 使用弱引用

 if super then
    setmetatable(aClass.static, { __index = function(_,k) return rawget(dict,k) or super.static[k] end })
  else
    setmetatable(aClass.static, { __index = function(_,k) return rawget(dict,k) end })
  end

设置static表的元表为 __index = __instanceDict（或者super.static）

 setmetatable(aClass, { __index = aClass.static, __tostring = _tostring, 
 __call = _call, __newindex = _declareInstanceMethod }) 

设置类的元表：__index 为 static, __tostring => 默认tostring，
_call =>调用static.new(), __newindex => _declareInstanceMethod

2. _includeMixin(aClass, mixin)

将一张表合并到另一张表中

  for name,method in pairs(mixin) do
    if name ~= "included" and name ~= "static" then aClass[name] = method end
  end

• 除了”included”和”static”,将mixin中的域全部赋值到aClass中(覆盖)

  for name,method in pairs(mixin.static or {}) do
    aClass.static[name] = method
  end

• 将m