设计模式浅析——组合模式

组合模式(Composite)定义

将对象组合成树形结构以表示"部分-整体"的层次结构，Composite使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性(稳定)。

组合模式结构图

示例代码

class Component
{
public:
	virtual void OnShow() = 0;
	virtual ~Component() {}
};

//树节点
class Composite : public Component
{
private:
	std::string strName;
	std::list<Component*> m_lstElements;    //树型结构

public:
	Composite(const std::string& sName) : strName(sName){
	}

	void Add(Component* element)
	{
		m_lstElements.push_back(element);
	}

	void Remove(Component* element)
	{
		m_lstElements.remove(element);
	}

	void OnShow()
	{
		cout << "Composite name: " << strName.c_str() << endl;

		for (auto &c : m_lstElements)
		{
			c->OnShow();
		}
	}
};

//叶子节点
class Leaf : public Component
{
private:
	std::string strName;

public:
	Leaf(const std::string& sName) : strName(sName){
	}

	void OnShow()
	{
		cout << "Leaf name: " << strName.c_str() << endl;
	}
};

void Invoke(Component& c)
{
	c.OnShow();
}

int main()
{
	Composite* root = new Composite("root");
	root->Add(new Leaf("leaf1"));
	root->Add(new Leaf("leaf2"));
	
	Composite* treeNode1 = new Composite("treeNode1");
	root->Add(new Leaf("leaf3"));
	root->Add(new Leaf("leaf4"));

	Composite* treeNode2 = new Composite("treeNode2");
	root->Add(new Leaf("leaf5"));
	root->Add(new Leaf("leaf6"));

	root->OnShow();

	system("pause");
    return 0;
}

打印结果:

Composite name: root
Leaf name: leaf1
Leaf name: leaf2
Leaf name: leaf3
Leaf name: leaf4
Leaf name: leaf5
Leaf name: leaf6

个人总结

1) Composite模式采用树形结构来实现普遍存在的对象容器，从而将"一对多"的关系转换为"一对一"的关系。

2) Composite的核心思想是客户代码和复杂的对象容器结构解耦。