职责链模式(Chain of Responsibility)定义
将多个对象都有机会处理请求,从而避免请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这些对象连成一条链,并沿着这条链传递请求,直到有一个对象处理它为止。
职责链模式结构图
示例代码
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
using namespace std;
class Handle
{
protected:
Handle* m_pHandle = nullptr;
public:
Handle(Handle* handle) : m_pHandle(handle)
{
}
virtual void HandleRequest(int iIndex)
{
m_pHandle->HandleRequest(iIndex);
}
};
class ManagerHandler : public Handle
{
public:
ManagerHandler(Handle* handle) : Handle(handle)
{
}
void HandleRequest(int iIndex)
{
if (iIndex <= 2)
{
cout << "Manager request" << endl;
}
else
{
if (m_pHandle != nullptr)
{
m_pHandle->HandleRequest(iIndex);
}
}
}
};
class MajorHandler : public Handle
{
public:
MajorHandler(Handle* handle) : Handle(handle)
{
}
void HandleRequest(int iIndex)
{
if ((iIndex > 2) && (iIndex <= 5))
{
cout << "Major request" << endl;
}
else
{
if (m_pHandle != nullptr)
{
m_pHandle->HandleRequest(iIndex);
}
}
}
};
class GeneralHandler : public Handle
{
public:
GeneralHandler(Handle* handle) : Handle(handle)
{
}
void HandleRequest(int iIndex)
{
cout << "General request" << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
std::shared_ptr<Handle> general = std::make_shared<GeneralHandler>(nullptr);
if (general == nullptr)
{
return -1;
}
std::shared_ptr<Handle> major = std::make_shared<MajorHandler>(general.get());
if (major == nullptr)
{
return -1;
}
std::shared_ptr<Handle> manager = std::make_shared<ManagerHandler>(major.get());
if (manager == nullptr)
{
return -1;
}
manager->HandleRequest(1);
manager->HandleRequest(3);
manager->HandleRequest(7);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
打印结果
Manager request
Major request
General request
职责链模式总结
1. 职责链模式的应用场合是"一个请求可能有多个接收者,但是最后真正的接受者只有一个"。
2. 应用职责链模式,对象的职责分派将更具灵活性。可以在运行时动态添加/修改请求的处理职责。