C++ 继承类静态变量虚函数练习

总时间限制: 

1000ms

 

内存限制: 

65536kB

// 在此处补充你的代码

描述

代码填空，使得程序能够自动统计当前各种动物的数量

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void print() {
	cout << Animal::number << " animals in the zoo, " << Dog::number << " of them are dogs, " << Cat::number << " of them are cats" << endl;
}

int main() {
	print();
	Dog d1, d2;
	Cat c1;
	print();
	Dog* d3 = new Dog();
	Animal* c2 = new Cat;
	Cat* c3 = new Cat;
	print();
	delete c3;
	delete c2;
	delete d3;
	print();
}

输入

无

输出

0 animals in the zoo, 0 of them are dogs, 0 of them are cats
3 animals in the zoo, 2 of them are dogs, 1 of them are cats
6 animals in the zoo, 3 of them are dogs, 3 of them are cats
3 animals in the zoo, 2 of them are dogs, 1 of them are cats

样例输入

None

样例输出

0 animals in the zoo, 0 of them are dogs, 0 of them are cats
3 animals in the zoo, 2 of them are dogs, 1 of them are cats
6 animals in the zoo, 3 of them are dogs, 3 of them are cats
3 animals in the zoo, 2 of them are dogs, 1 of them are cats

 

显然，dog类，cat类继承animal类，类种有number成员变量，如果将number设为私有，那么print要申明为友元成员函数，这里为了简单，就将number设为公有。

要特别注意静态成员变量的初始化，以及~Animal的析构函数要用虚函数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Animal
{
public:
	static int number;
	Animal() {}
	virtual ~Animal() {}
	
};

class Dog :public Animal
{
public:
	static int number;
	Dog()
	{
		number++;
		Animal::number++;
	}
	~Dog()
	{
		number--;
		Animal::number--;
	}
};

class Cat :public Animal
{
public:
	static int number;
	Cat()
	{
		number++;
		Animal::number++;
	}
	~Cat()
	{
		number--;
		Animal::number--;
	}
};

int Animal::number = 0;
int Dog::number = 0;
int Cat::number = 0;

void print() {
	cout << Animal::number << " animals in the zoo, " << Dog::number << " of them are dogs, " << Cat::number << " of them are cats" << endl;
}

int main() {
	print();
	Dog d1, d2;
	Cat c1;
	print();
	Dog* d3 = new Dog();
	Animal* c2 = new Cat;
	Cat* c3 = new Cat;
	print();
	delete c3;
	delete c2;
	delete d3;
	print();
}