Python绘图Matplotlib之坐标轴及刻度总结

学习 https://matplotlib.org/gallery/index.html
记录，描述不一定准确，具体请参考官网

Matplotlib使用总结图

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
    plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False # 用来正常显示负号
    
    import pandas as pd
    import numpy as np

新建隐藏坐标轴

    from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.axislines import SubplotZero
    import numpy as np
    
    fig = plt.figure(1, (10, 6))
    
    ax = SubplotZero(fig, 1, 1, 1)
    fig.add_subplot(ax)
    
    """新建坐标轴"""
    ax.axis["xzero"].set_visible(True)
    ax.axis["xzero"].label.set_text("新建y=0坐标")
    ax.axis["xzero"].label.set_color('green')
    # ax.axis['yzero'].set_visible(True)
    # ax.axis["yzero"].label.set_text("新建x=0坐标")
    
    # 新建一条y=2横坐标轴
    ax.axis["新建1"] = ax.new_floating_axis(nth_coord=0, value=2,axis_direction="bottom")
    ax.axis["新建1"].toggle(all=True)
    ax.axis["新建1"].label.set_text("y = 2横坐标")
    ax.axis["新建1"].label.set_color('blue')
    
    """坐标箭头"""
    ax.axis["xzero"].set_axisline_style("-|>")
    
    """隐藏坐标轴"""
    # 方法一：隐藏上边及右边
    # ax.axis["right"].set_visible(False)
    # ax.axis["top"].set_visible(False)
    #方法二：可以一起写
    ax.axis["top",'right'].set_visible(False)
    # 方法三：利用 for in
    # for n in ["bottom", "top", "right"]:
    #  ax.axis[n].set_visible(False)
    
    """设置刻度"""
    ax.set_ylim(-3, 3)
    ax.set_yticks([-1,-0.5,0,0.5,1])
    ax.set_xlim([-5, 8])
    # ax.set_xticks([-5,5,1])
    
    #设置网格样式
    ax.grid(True, linestyle='-.')
    
    
    xx = np.arange(-4, 2*np.pi, 0.01)
    ax.plot(xx, np.sin(xx))
    
    
    # 于 offset 处新建一条纵坐标
    offset = (40, 0)
    new_axisline = ax.get_grid_helper().new_fixed_axis
    ax.axis["新建2"] = new_axisline(loc="right", offset=offset, axes=ax)
    ax.axis["新建2"].label.set_text("新建纵坐标")
    ax.axis["新建2"].label.set_color('red')
    
    
    plt.show()
    # 存为图像
    # fig.savefig('test.png')

    from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import host_subplot
    import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as AA
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    
    host = host_subplot(111, axes_class=AA.Axes)
    plt.subplots_adjust(right=0.75)
    
    par1 = host.twinx()
    par2 = host.twinx()
    
    offset = 100
    new_fixed_axis = par2.get_grid_helper().new_fixed_axis
    par2.axis["right"] = new_fixed_axis(loc="right",
             axes=par2,
             offset=(offset, 0))
    
    par1.axis["right"].toggle(all=True)
    par2.axis["right"].toggle(all=True)
    
    host.set_xlim(0, 2)
    host.set_ylim(0, 2)
    
    host.set_xlabel("Distance")
    host.set_ylabel("Density")
    par1.set_ylabel("Temperature")
    par2.set_ylabel("Velocity")
    
    p1, = host.plot([0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2], label="Density")
    p2, = par1.plot([0, 1, 2], [0, 3, 2], label="Temperature")
    p3, = par2.plot([0, 1, 2], [50, 30, 15], label="Velocity")
    
    par1.set_ylim(0, 4)
    par2.set_ylim(1, 65)
    
    host.legend()
    
    host.axis["left"].label.set_color(p1.get_color())
    par1.axis["right"].label.set_color(p2.get_color())
    par2.axis["right"].label.set_color(p3.get_color())
    
    plt.draw()
    plt.show()

    #　第二坐标
    fig, ax_f = plt.subplots()
    # 这步是关键
    ax_c = ax_f.twinx()
    ax_d = ax_f.twiny()
    
    # automatically update ylim of ax2 when ylim of ax1 changes.
    # ax_f.callbacks.connect("ylim_changed", convert_ax_c_to_celsius)
    ax_f.plot(np.linspace(-40, 120, 100))
    ax_f.set_xlim(0, 100)
    
    # ax_f.set_title('第二坐标', size=14)
    ax_f.set_ylabel('Y轴',color='r')
    ax_f.set_xlabel('X轴',color='c')
    
    ax_c.set_ylabel('第二Ｙ轴', color='b')
    ax_c.set_yticklabels(["$0$", r"$\frac{1}{2}\pi$", r"$\pi$", r"$\frac{3}{2}\pi$", r"$2\pi$"])
    # ax_c.set_ylim(1,5)
    
    ax_d.set_xlabel('第二X轴', color='g')
    ax_d.set_xlim(-1,1)
    
    plt.show()

刻度及标记

    import mpl_toolkits.axisartist.axislines as axislines
    
    
    fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(10, 6))
    fig.subplots_adjust(bottom