下面是给出的基类Animal声明和main()函数。
class Animal
{
public:
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"不知哪种动物,让我如何学叫?"<<endl;
}
};
int main( ){
Animal *p;
p = new Animal();
p->cry();
Mouse m1("Jerry",'m');
p=&m1;
p->cry();
Mouse m2("Jemmy",'f');
p=&m2;
p->cry();
Cat c1("Tom");
p=&c1;
p->cry();
Dog d1("Droopy");
p=&d1;
p->cry();
Giraffe g1("Gill",'m');
p=&g1;
p->cry();
return 0;
}
程序的运行结果将是:
1、根据给出的main()函数和运行结果的提示,设计出相关的各个类,注意观察运行结果,提取出每个类中需要的数据成员,并匹配上需要的成员函数。
2、显然,Animal设计为抽象类更合适,Animal不需要能够实例化,是专门作基类使用的。改造程序,使Animal设计为抽象类,这时main()函数中p = new Animal();将出错,将此行删除。
3、每一个Animal的派生类都有一个“名字”数据成员,这个成员设置为基类Animal的成员更好。改造上面的程序,将“名字”成员作为抽象类Animal数据成员被各派生类使用。
代码如下:
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"不知哪种动物,让我如何学叫?"<<endl;
}
};
class Mouse:public Animal
{
public:
Mouse(string nam,char s):name(nam),sex(s){}
virtual void cry();
private:
string name;
char sex;
};
void Mouse::cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一只"<<((sex=='m')?"男":"女")<<"老鼠,我的叫声是:吱吱吱!"<<endl;
}
class Cat:public Animal
{
public:
Cat(string nam):name(nam){}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一只猫,我的叫声是:喵喵喵!"<<endl;
}
private:
string name;
};
class Dog:public Animal
{
public:
Dog(string nam):name(nam){}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一条狗,我的叫声是:汪汪汪!"<<endl;
}
private:
string name;
};
class Giraffe:public Animal
{
private:
string name;
char sex;
public:
Giraffe(string nam,char s):name(nam),sex(s){}
virtual void cry();
};
void Giraffe::cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是"<<((sex=='m')?"男":"女")<<"长颈鹿,我的脖子太长,发不出声音来!"<<endl;
}
int main( )
{
Animal *p;
p = new Animal();
p->cry();
Mouse m1("Jerry",'m');
p=&m1;
p->cry();
Mouse m2("Jemmy",'f');
p=&m2;
p->cry();
Cat c1("Tom");
p=&c1;
p->cry();
Dog d1("Droopy");
p=&d1;
p->cry();
Giraffe g1("Gill",'m');
p=&g1;
p->cry();
return 0;
}
总结:开始编写时在判断男女时出了点小差错,想想就知道自己编写的错在哪里了;
(2)
代码如下:
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
virtual void cry()=0;
};
class Mouse:public Animal
{
public:
Mouse(string nam,char s):name(nam),sex(s){}
virtual void cry();
private:
string name;
char sex;
};
void Mouse::cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一只"<<((sex=='m')?"男":"女")<<"老鼠,我的叫声是:吱吱吱!"<<endl;
}
class Cat:public Animal
{
public:
Cat(string nam):name(nam){}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一只猫,我的叫声是:喵喵喵!"<<endl;
}
private:
string name;
};
class Dog:public Animal
{
public:
Dog(string nam):name(nam){}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一条狗,我的叫声是:汪汪汪!"<<endl;
}
private:
string name;
};
class Giraffe:public Animal
{
private:
string name;
char sex;
public:
Giraffe(string nam,char s):name(nam),sex(s){}
virtual void cry();
};
void Giraffe::cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是"<<((sex=='m')?"男":"女")<<"长颈鹿,我的脖子太长,发不出声音来!"<<endl;
}
int main( )
{
Animal *p;
Mouse m1("Jerry",'m');
p=&m1;
p->cry();
Mouse m2("Jemmy",'f');
p=&m2;
p->cry();
Cat c1("Tom");
p=&c1;
p->cry();
Dog d1("Droopy");
p=&d1;
p->cry();
Giraffe g1("Gill",'m');
p=&g1;
p->cry();
return 0;
}
总结:
使用虚函数可以使指向基类的指针访问派生类中与基类同名的函数。
(3)
代码如下:
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
protected:
string name;
public:
Animal(string nam):name(nam){}
virtual void cry() = 0;
};
class Mouse:public Animal
{
public:
Mouse(string nam,char s):Animal(nam),sex(s){}
virtual void cry();
private:
char sex;
};
void Mouse::cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一只"<<((sex=='m')?"男":"女")<<"老鼠,我的叫声是:吱吱吱!"<<endl;
}
class Cat:public Animal
{
public:
Cat(string nam):Animal(nam){}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一只猫,我的叫声是:喵喵喵!"<<endl;
}
};
class Dog:public Animal
{
public:
Dog(string nam):Animal(nam){}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一条狗,我的叫声是:汪汪汪!"<<endl;
}
};
class Giraffe:public Animal
{
private:
char sex;
public:
Giraffe(string nam,char s):Animal(nam),sex(s){}
virtual void cry();
};
void Giraffe::cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是"<<((sex=='m')?"男":"女")<<"长颈鹿,我的脖子太长,发不出声音来!"<<endl;
}
int main( )
{
Animal *p;
Mouse m1("Jerry",'m');
p=&m1;
p->cry();
Mouse m2("Jemmy",'f');
p=&m2;
p->cry();
Cat c1("Tom");
p=&c1;
p->cry();
Dog d1("Droopy");
p=&d1;
p->cry();
Giraffe g1("Gill",'m');
p=&g1;
p->cry();
return 0;
}
总结:
了解了虚函数的运用