基于Keras的Python实践 13 chapter 手写数字识别

1、使用多层感知机进行实现

from keras.datasets import mnist
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense
from keras.utils import np_utils


# 从Keras导入Mnist数据集
(X_train, y_train), (X_validation, y_validation) = mnist.load_data()

#X_train.shape (60000,28,28)

# 显示4张手写数字的图片
plt.subplot(221)
plt.imshow(X_train[0], cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))

plt.subplot(222)
plt.imshow(X_train[1], cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))

plt.subplot(223)
plt.imshow(X_train[2], cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))

plt.subplot(224)
plt.imshow(X_train[3], cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))

plt.show()

# 设定随机种子
seed = 7
np.random.seed(seed)

num_pixels = X_train.shape[1] * X_train.shape[2]
print(num_pixels)
X_train = X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], num_pixels).astype('float32')
X_validation = X_validation.reshape(X_validation.shape[0], num_pixels).astype('float32')

# 格式化数据到0-1之前
X_train = X_train / 255
X_validation = X_validation / 255

# one-hot编码
y_train = np_utils.to_categorical(y_train)
y_validation = np_utils.to_categorical(y_validation)
num_classes = y_validation.shape[1]
print(num_classes)

# 定义基准MLP模型
def create_model():
    # 创建模型
    model = Sequential()
    model.add(Dense(units=num_pixels, input_dim=num_pixels, kernel_initializer='normal', activation='relu'))
    model.add(Dense(units=num_classes, kernel_initializer='normal', activation='softmax'))

    # 编译模型
    model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])
    return model

model = create_model()
#fit主要针对数据量比较小，可以一次性导入内存
model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=10, batch_size=200)

score = model.evaluate(X_validation, y_validation)
print('MLP: %.2f%%' % (score[1] * 100))

2、使用卷积神经网络进行分类

from keras.datasets import mnist
import numpy as np
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense
from keras.layers import Dropout
from keras.layers import Flatten
from keras.layers.convolutional import  Conv2D
from keras.layers.convolutional import MaxPooling2D
from keras.utils import np_utils
from keras import backend
backend.set_image_data_format('channels_first')


# 设定随机种子
seed = 7
np.random.seed(seed)

# 从Keras导入Mnist数据集
(X_train, y_train), (X_validation, y_validation) = mnist.load_data()

#X_train.shape (60000,28,28)

X_train = X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], 1, 28, 28).astype('float32')
X_validation = X_validation.reshape(X_validation.shape[0], 1, 28, 28).astype('float32')

# 格式化数据到0-1之前
X_train = X_train / 255
X_validation = X_validation / 255

# one-hot编码
y_train = np_utils.to_categorical(y_train)
y_validation = np_utils.to_categorical(y_validation)

# 创建模型
def create_model():
    model = Sequential()
    model.add(Conv2D(30, (5, 5), input_shape=(1, 28, 28), activation='relu'))
    model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
    model.add(Conv2D(15, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
    model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
    model.add(Dropout(0.2))
    model.add(Flatten())
    model.add(Dense(units=128, activation='relu'))
    model.add(Dense(units=50, activation='relu'))
    model.add(Dense(units=10, activation='softmax'))

    # 编译模型
    model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])
    return model

model = create_model()
model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=10, batch_size=200, verbose=2)

score = model.evaluate(X_validation, y_validation, verbose=0)
print('CNN_Large: %.2f%%' % (score[1] * 100))