【Android】探索Android网络请求：OkHttp、Retrofit和Volley

在 Android 中，有许多流行的网络库可以用来进行网络请求，每个库都有自己的优点和适用场景。以下是几个常用的库及其简要介绍和示例代码：

1. OkHttp

OkHttp 是一个高效的 HTTP 客户端，广泛用于 Android 应用中。

添加依赖

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.3'
}

使用示例

import okhttp3.*;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        try {
            checkIn("张三", "123456xx");
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void checkIn(String name, String studentID) throws JSONException {
        JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
        json.put("name", name);
        json.put("student_id", studentID);

        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(json.toString(), MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"));
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://120.46.128.4:8001/check_in")
                .post(body)
                .build();

        client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                runOnUiThread(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "网络请求失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show());
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                    String responseBody = response.body().string();
                    try {
                        JSONObject jsonResponse = new JSONObject(responseBody);
                        final String message = jsonResponse.getString("message");
                        runOnUiThread(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show());
                    } catch (JSONException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        runOnUiThread(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "响应解析失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show());
                    }
                } else {
                    runOnUiThread(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "签到失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show());
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

2. Retrofit

Retrofit 是一个用于创建网络请求的强大工具，特别适用于 RESTful API。

添加依赖

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0'
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.9.0'
}

使用示例

import retrofit2.Retrofit;
import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;
import retrofit2.Call;
import retrofit2.http.Body;
import retrofit2.http.POST;
import retrofit2.Callback;
import retrofit2.Response;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String BASE_URL = "http://120.46.128.4:8001/";

    interface ApiService {
        @POST("check_in")
        Call<ResponseBody> checkIn(@Body RequestBody body);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        try {
            checkIn("张三", "123456xx");
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void checkIn(String name, String studentID) throws JSONException {
        Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl(BASE_URL)
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
                .build();

        ApiService apiService = retrofit.create(ApiService.class);

        JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
        json.put("name", name);
        json.put("student_id", studentID);

        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(json.toString(), MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"));
        Call<ResponseBody> call = apiService.checkIn(body);

        call.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {
                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                    try {
                        JSONObject jsonResponse = new JSONObject(response.body().string());
                        String message = jsonResponse.getString("message");
                        runOnUiThread(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show());
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        runOnUiThread(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "响应解析失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show());
                    }
                } else {
                    runOnUiThread(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "签到失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show());
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {
                runOnUiThread(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "网络请求失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show());
            }
        });
    }
}

3. Volley

Volley 是一个由 Google 提供的库，适用于进行较轻量级的网络请求。

添加依赖

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.android.volley:volley:1.2.1'
}

使用示例

import com.android.volley.Request;
import com.android.volley.RequestQueue;
import com.android.volley.Response;
import com.android.volley.VolleyError;
import com.android.volley.toolbox.JsonObjectRequest;
import com.android.volley.toolbox.Volley;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private RequestQueue requestQueue;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        requestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(this);

        try {
            checkIn("张三", "123456xx");
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void checkIn(String name, String studentID) throws JSONException {
        String url = "http://120.46.128.4:8001/check_in";
        JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
        json.put("name", name);
        json.put("student_id", studentID);

        JsonObjectRequest jsonObjectRequest = new JsonObjectRequest
                (Request.Method.POST, url, json, new Response.Listener<JSONObject>() {

                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(JSONObject response) {
                        try {
                            String message = response.getString("message");
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        } catch (JSONException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "响应解析失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        }
                    }
                }, new Response.ErrorListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "网络请求失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                });

        requestQueue.add(jsonObjectRequest);
    }
}

每个库都有其优点：

• OkHttp：轻量级、性能好、功能强大，适合做底层 HTTP 客户端。
• Retrofit：基于 OkHttp，提供更高级别的 API，支持 RESTful API、可扩展性强，适合复杂的网络请求。
• Volley：Google 提供的库，适合处理简单的网络请求、缓存和图像加载。

根据你的需求选择合适的库即可。

问询、帮助

你如果需要帮助，请看这里：

https://docs.qq.com/sheet/DUEdqZ2lmbmR6UVdU?tab=BB08J2