2021-06-26 linux学习-硬盘的基本操作（一）新增硬盘

新增硬盘的方法

一 分区

    1 在虚拟机内添加好2快1GB的硬盘，这里不做演示

    2 启动虚拟机进入终端查看硬盘    fdisk -l | grep "Disk /dev"

[root@linuxprobe ~]# fdisk -l | grep  "Disk /dev"
Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Disk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Disk /dev/sdc: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 44 GiB, 47240445952 bytes, 92266496 sectors
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: 5 GiB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors

      这里可以根据虚拟机里的硬盘添加实际情况看出，/dev/sdb 和 /dev/sdc 是刚才添加的硬盘

    3 对第一块添加的硬盘 /dev/sdb 进行分区   fdisk /dev/sdb

[root@linuxprobe ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n  \\ 用n新建分区
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):  \\ 回车选择主分区

Using default response p.
Partition number (1-4, default 1):  \\回车命名为1号
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048):   \\回车选择第一个扇区为起始分区
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-2097151, default 2097151):  \\回车选择最后一个扇区为结束分区

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1023 MiB.

Command (m for help): w  \\保存操作并退出
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

二 格式化

    对 /dev/sdb1 进行格式化,文件系统类型设置为xfs    mksf.xfs /dev/sdb1

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=65472 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=261888, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=1566, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

三 挂载

    使用硬盘前需要挂载，有别于windows会自动挂载，我们在linux里需要手动进行

    1 挂载之前需要新建用于挂载的目录  mkdir -p new_disk/sdb/sdb1

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir -p new_disk/sdb/sdb1

    2 临时挂载/dev/sdb1分区     mount /dev/sdb1 /root/new_disk/sdb/sdb1

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /root/new_disk/sdb/sdb1

    3 开机自动挂载：编辑/etc/fstab 文件，vim /etc/fstab

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/fstab

       并在最后一行添加挂载信息 /dev/sdb1        /root/new_disk/sdb/sdb1     xfs    defaults      0 0

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Jun  8 06:02:20 2021
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=2c1949d3-5cd8-4b71-b60d-8885bfc326e0 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1          /root/new_disk/sdb/sdb1      xfs     defaults        0 0
~                                                                                                                                           

    最后挂载一下所有 /etc/fstab 文件里的挂载信息 mount -a

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mount -a

四 验证一下挂载效果

    1 重启虚拟机 reboot

[root@linuxprobe ~]# reboot

    2 重启后查看挂载情况 df -hT

[root@linuxprobe ~]# df -hT
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G  9.9M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs        44G  4.1G   40G  10% /
/dev/sda1             xfs      1014M  152M  863M  15% /boot
tmpfs                 tmpfs     796M   16K  796M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                 tmpfs     796M  3.5M  792M   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1             xfs      1017M   40M  978M   4% /root/new_disk/sdb/sdb1

    发现最后一行就是刚刚挂载的硬盘的挂载信息，说明成功了！