Linux系统体系架构初始化过程(AM335X体系结构初始化)

如题，Linux系统体系架构初始化过程一般按照如下流程

start_kernel() ==> setup_arch(&command_line) ==> mdesc = setup_machine_fdt(__atags_pointer)==> for_each_machine_desc(mdesc) ==> return mdesc_best;

1、在linux中，内核启动后调用的第一个C函数是位于linux/init/main.c的Start_kernel()函数，具体实现如下：

asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
{
	char * command_line;
	extern const struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];

	smp_setup_processor_id();

	/*
	 * Need to run as early as possible, to initialize the
	 * lockdep hash:
	 */
	lockdep_init();
	debug_objects_early_init();

	/*
	 * Set up the the initial canary ASAP:
	 */
	boot_init_stack_canary();

	cgroup_init_early();

	local_irq_disable();
	early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;

/*
 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
 * enable them
 */
	tick_init();
	boot_cpu_init();
	page_address_init();
	printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s", linux_banner);
	setup_arch(&command_line);
	mm_init_owner(&init_mm, &init_task);
	mm_init_cpumask(&init_mm);
	setup_command_line(command_line);
	setup_nr_cpu_ids();
	setup_per_cpu_areas();
	smp_prepare_boot_cpu();	/* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */

	build_all_zonelists(NULL);
	page_alloc_init();

	printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
	parse_early_param();
	parse_args("Booting kernel", static_command_line, __start___param,
		   __stop___param - __start___param,
		   &unknown_bootoption);

	jump_label_init();

	/*
	 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
	 * kmem_cache_init()
	 */
	setup_log_buf(0);
	pidhash_init();
	vfs_caches_init_early();
	sort_main_extable();
	trap_init();
	mm_init();

	/*
	 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
	 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
	 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
	 */
	sched_init();
	/*
	 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
	 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
	 */
	preempt_disable();
	if (!irqs_disabled()) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
				"enabled *very* early, fixing it\n");
		local_irq_disable();
	}
	idr_init_cache();
	perf_event_init();
	rcu_init();
	radix_tree_init();
	/* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
	early_irq_init();
	init_IRQ();
	prio_tree_init();
	init_timers();
	hrtimers_init();
	softirq_init();
	timekeeping_init();
	time_init();
	profile_init();
	call_function_init();
	if (!irqs_disabled())
		printk(KERN_CRIT "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
				 "enabled early\n");
	early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
	local_irq_enable();

	/* Interrupts are enabled now so all GFP allocations are safe. */
	gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;

	kmem_cache_init_late();

	/*
	 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
	 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
	 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
	 */
	console_init();
	if (panic_later)
		panic(panic_later, panic_param);

	lockdep_info();

	/*
	 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
	 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
	 * too:
	 */
	locking_selftest();

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
	if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
	    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
		printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
		    "disabling it.\n",
		    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
		    min_low_pfn);
		initrd_start = 0;
	}
#endif
	page_cgroup_init();
	enable_debug_pagealloc();
	debug_objects_mem_init();
	kmemleak_init();
	setup_per_cpu_pageset();
	numa_policy_init();
	if (late_time_init)
		late_time_init();
	sched_clock_init();
	calibrate_delay();
	pidmap_init();
	anon_vma_init();
#ifdef CONFIG_X86
	if (efi_enabled)
		efi_enter_virtual_mode();
#endif
	thread_info_cache_init();
	cred_init();
	fork_init(totalram_pages);
	proc_caches_init();
	buffer_init();
	key_init();
	security_init();
	dbg_late_init();
	vfs_caches_init(totalram_pages);
	signals_init();
	/* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
	page_writeback_init();
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
	proc_root_init();
#endif
	cgroup_init();
	cpuset_init();
	taskstats_init_early();
	delayacct_init();

	check_bugs();

	acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
	sfi_init_late();

	ftrace_init();

	/* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
	rest_init();
}

2、首先看Start_kernel()函数第33行setup_arch(&command_line)函数；

setup_arch函数在linux/arch/arm/kernel/setup.c中，定义如下：

void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
{
	struct machine_desc *mdesc;

	setup_processor();
	mdesc = setup_machine_fdt(__atags_pointer);
	if (!mdesc)
		mdesc = setup_machine_tags(machine_arch_type);
	machine_desc = mdesc;
	machine_name = mdesc->name;

	if (mdesc->restart_mode)
		reboot_setup(&mdesc->restart_mode);

	init_mm.start_code = (unsigned long) _text;
	init_mm.end_code   = (unsigned long) _etext;
	init_mm.end_data   = (unsigned long) _edata;
	init_mm.brk	   = (unsigned long) _end;

	/* populate cmd_line too for later use, preserving boot_command_line */
	strlcpy(cmd_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
	*cmdline_p = cmd_line;

	parse_early_param();

	sort(&meminfo.bank, meminfo.nr_banks, sizeof(meminfo.bank[0]), meminfo_cmp, NULL);
	sanity_check_meminfo();
	arm_memblock_init(&meminfo, mdesc);

	paging_init(mdesc);
	request_standard_resources(mdesc);

	if (mdesc->restart)
		arm_pm_restart = mdesc->restart;

	unflatten_device_tree();

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	if (is_smp())
		smp_init_cpus();
#endif
	reserve_crashkernel();

	tcm_init();

#ifdef CONFIG_MULTI_IRQ_HANDLER
	handle_arch_irq = mdesc->handle_irq;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_VT
#if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
	conswitchp = &vga_con;
#elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
	conswitchp = &dummy_con;
#endif
#endif
	early_trap_init();

	if (mdesc->init_early)
		mdesc->init_early();
}

3、看setup_arch函数第六行mdesc = setup_machine_fdt(__atags_pointer);

这里用的一个重要的结构体struct machine_desc *mdesc;内核通过machine_desc结构体来控制系统体系架构相关部分的初始化。machine_desc结构体通过MACHINE_START宏来初始化

首先来看setup_machine_fdt源码：

/**
 * setup_machine_fdt - Machine setup when an dtb was passed to the kernel
 * @dt_phys: physical address of dt blob
 *
 * If a dtb was passed to the kernel in r2, then use it to choose the
 * correct machine_desc and to setup the system.
 */
struct machine_desc * __init setup_machine_fdt(unsigned int dt_phys)
{
	struct boot_param_header *devtree;
	struct machine_desc *mdesc, *mdesc_best = NULL;
	unsigned int score, mdesc_score = ~1;
	unsigned long dt_root;
	const char *model;

	if (!dt_phys)
		return NULL;

	devtree = phys_to_virt(dt_phys);

	/* check device tree validity */
	if (be32_to_cpu(devtree->magic) != OF_DT_HEADER)
		return NULL;

	/* Search the mdescs for the 'best' compatible value match */
	initial_boot_params = devtree;
	dt_root = of_get_flat_dt_root();
	for_each_machine_desc(mdesc) {
		score = of_flat_dt_match(dt_root, mdesc->dt_compat);
		if (score > 0 && score < mdesc_score) {
			mdesc_best = mdesc;
			mdesc_score = score;
		}
	}
	if (!mdesc_best) {
		const char *prop;
		long size;

		early_print("\nError: unrecognized/unsupported "
			    "device tree compatible list:\n[ ");

		prop = of_get_flat_dt_prop(dt_root, "compatible", &size);
		while (size > 0) {
			early_print("'%s' ", prop);
			size -= strlen(prop) + 1;
			prop += strlen(prop) + 1;
		}
		early_print("]\n\n");

		dump_machine_table(); /* does not return */
	}

	model = of_get_flat_dt_prop(dt_root, "model", NULL);
	if (!model)
		model = of_get_flat_dt_prop(dt_root, "compatible", NULL);
	if (!model)
		model = "<unknown>";
	pr_info("Machine: %s, model: %s\n", mdesc_best->name, model);

	/* Retrieve various information from the /chosen node */
	of_scan_flat_dt(early_init_dt_scan_chosen, boot_command_line);
	/* Initialize {size,address}-cells info */
	of_scan_flat_dt(early_init_dt_scan_root, NULL);
	/* Setup memory, calling early_init_dt_add_memory_arch */
	of_scan_flat_dt(early_init_dt_scan_memory, NULL);

	/* Change machine number to match the mdesc we're using */
	__machine_arch_type = mdesc_best->nr;

	return mdesc_best;
}

4、第28-34行

for_each_machine_desc(mdesc)&score = of_flat_dt_match(dt_root, mdesc->dt_compat);

遍历体系架构类型表，找到一个合适的，return mdesc_best;

5、另外，struct machine_desc *mdesc的初始化：

arch/arm/include/asm/mach/arch.h

struct machine_desc {
	unsigned int		nr;		/* architecture number	*/
	const char		*name;		/* architecture name	*/
	unsigned long		atag_offset;	/* tagged list (relative) */
	const char		**dt_compat;	/* array of device tree
						 * 'compatible' strings	*/

	unsigned int		nr_irqs;	/* number of IRQs */

#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
	unsigned long		dma_zone_size;	/* size of DMA-able area */
#endif

	unsigned int		video_start;	/* start of video RAM	*/
	unsigned int		video_end;	/* end of video RAM	*/

	unsigned char		reserve_lp0 :1;	/* never has lp0	*/
	unsigned char		reserve_lp1 :1;	/* never has lp1	*/
	unsigned char		reserve_lp2 :1;	/* never has lp2	*/
	char			restart_mode;	/* default restart mode	*/
	void			(*fixup)(struct tag *, char **,
					 struct meminfo *);
	void			(*reserve)(void);/* reserve mem blocks	*/
	void			(*map_io)(void);/* IO mapping function	*/
	void			(*init_early)(void);
	void			(*init_irq)(void);
	struct sys_timer	*timer;		/* system tick timer	*/
	void			(*init_machine)(void);
#ifdef CONFIG_MULTI_IRQ_HANDLER
	void			(*handle_irq)(struct pt_regs *);
#endif
	void			(*restart)(char, const char *);
};

MACHINE_START和MACHINE_END宏定义

/*
 * Set of macros to define architecture features.  This is built into
 * a table by the linker.
 */
#define MACHINE_START(_type,_name)			\
static const struct machine_desc __mach_desc_##_type	\
 __used							\
 __attribute__((__section__(".arch.info.init"))) = {	\
	.nr		= MACH_TYPE_##_type,		\
	.name		= _name,

#define MACHINE_END				\
};

MACHINE_START(AM335XEVM, "am335xevm")
	/* Maintainer: Texas Instruments */
	.atag_offset	= 0x100,
	.map_io		= am335x_evm_map_io,
	.init_early	= am33xx_init_early,
	.init_irq	= ti81xx_init_irq,
	.handle_irq     = omap3_intc_handle_irq,
	.timer		= &omap3_am33xx_timer,
	.init_machine	= am335x_evm_init,
MACHINE_END

AM335X体系结构初始化
linux/arch/arm/mach-omap2/Board-arm335xevm.c
以上基于linux3.2.0内核版本