一、UML图
二、概念
工厂方法模式(Factory Method):定义一个用于创建对象的接口,让子类决定实例化哪一个类。工厂方法是一个类的实例化延迟到其子类。
三、包含的角色
(1)抽象工厂
(2)具体工厂
(3)抽象产品
(4)具体产品
四、优势
(1)工厂方法模式是对简单工厂模式的稍微的改进。工厂方法模式的用意是定义一个创建产品对象的工厂接口,将实际工作推迟到子类中。
(2)与简单工厂模式相比,制造产品的工厂类不再 只有一个,而是每种具体产品类都对应一个生产它的具体工厂类。而这些具体工厂类的共同特征再被提取出来形成一个抽象产品类,这些具体产品类都继承自这个抽象产品类。
(3)当需要增加一种产品的时候,需要做的是:增加一种继承自抽象产品的具体产品类,增加一种继承在抽象工厂的具体工厂类,更改客户端。而不需要在简单工厂模式中那样更改工厂内的switch。
五、C++实现
(1)计算器的例子
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
//抽象产品类
class Operation
{
protected:
double numberA;
double numberB;
public:
double getA()
{
return numberA;
}
double getB()
{
return numberB;
}
void setA(double number)
{
numberA=number;
}
void setB(double number)
{
numberB=number;
}
virtual double GetResult()
{
double result=0;
return result;
}
};
//下面是四个具体产品类
class OperationAdd:public Operation
{
public:
double GetResult()
{
double result=0;
result=numberA+numberB;
return result;
}
};
class OperationSub:public Operation
{
public:
double GetResult()
{
double result=0;
result=numberA-numberB;
return result;
}
};
class OperationMul:public Operation
{
public:
double GetResult()
{
double result=0;
result=numberA*numberB;
return result;
}
};
class OperationDiv:public Operation
{
public:
double GetResult()
{
double result=0;
if(numberB!=0)
result=numberA/numberB;
return result;
}
};
//抽象工厂类
class AbstractFactory
{
public:
virtual Operation* createOperation()
{
return new Operation;
}
};
//下面是四个具体工厂类,分别用于产生四个具体产品
class AddFactory:public AbstractFactory
{
public:
Operation* createOperation()
{
Operation* oper=new OperationAdd;
return oper;
}
};
class SubFactory:public AbstractFactory
{
public:
Operation* createOperation()
{
Operation* oper=new OperationSub;
return oper;
}
};
class MulFactory:public AbstractFactory
{
public:
Operation* createOperation()
{
Operation* oper=new OperationMul;
return oper;
}
};
class DivFactory:public AbstractFactory
{
public:
Operation* createOperation()
{
Operation* oper=new OperationDiv;
return oper;
}
};
//客户端
void main()
{
AbstractFactory* af=NULL;
af=new AddFactory();
Operation* oper=NULL;
oper=af->createOperation();
oper->setA(1);
oper->setB(2);
cout<<oper->GetResult()<<endl;
if(af!=NULL)
{
delete af;
af=NULL;
}
if(oper!=NULL)
{
delete oper;
oper=NULL;
}
system("pause");
}
(2)雷锋工厂的例子
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
//抽象产品类:雷锋
class Leifeng
{
public:
virtual void Sweep()
{
cout<<"扫地"<<endl;
}
virtual void Wash()
{
cout<<"洗衣"<<endl;
}
virtual void BuyRice()
{
cout<<"买米"<<endl;
}
};
//下面是两个具体产品类
class Undergraduate:public Leifeng
{
public:
void Sweep()
{
cout<<"学生-扫地"<<endl;
}
void Wash()
{
cout<<"学生-洗衣"<<endl;
}
void BuyRice()
{
cout<<"学生-买米"<<endl;
}
};
class Volunteer:public Leifeng
{
public:
void Sweep()
{
cout<<"志愿者-扫地"<<endl;
}
void Wash()
{
cout<<"志愿者-洗衣"<<endl;
}
void BuyRice()
{
cout<<"志愿者-买米"<<endl;
}
};
//抽象工厂类
class AbstractFactory
{
public:
virtual Leifeng* CreateLeifeng()
{
return new Leifeng;
}
};
//下面是两个具体工厂类,分别于两个具体产品相对应
class UndergraduateFactory:public AbstractFactory
{
public:
Undergraduate* CreateLeifeng()
{
return new Undergraduate;
}
};
class VolunteerFactory:public AbstractFactory
{
public:
Volunteer* CreateLeifeng()
{
return new Volunteer();
}
};
//客户端
void main()
{
//想要生产Volunteer产品的话,只需要将此处的UndergraduateFactory更改为VolunteerFactory即可。
AbstractFactory* af=NULL;
af=new VolunteerFactory;
Leifeng* lf=NULL;
lf=af->CreateLeifeng();
lf->BuyRice();
lf->Sweep();
lf->Wash();
if(af!=NULL)
{
delete af;
af=NULL;
}
if(lf!=NULL)
{
delete lf;
lf=NULL;
}
system("pause");
}
(3)运行截图