八、C++ 构造函数（下）

1.对象的构造过程，构造顺序

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Person {
private:
	char *name;
	int age;
	char *work;

public:

	Person() {//cout <<"Pserson()"<<endl;
		name = NULL;
		work = NULL;
	}
	Person(char *name) 
	{
		//cout <<"Pserson(char *)"<<endl;
		this->name = new char[strlen(name) + 1];
		strcpy(this->name, name);
		this->work = NULL;
	}

	Person(char *name, int age, char *work = "none") 
	{
		cout <<"Pserson(char*, int), name = "<<name<<", age= "<<age<<endl;
		this->age = age;

		this->name = new char[strlen(name) + 1];
		strcpy(this->name, name);

		this->work = new char[strlen(work) + 1];
		strcpy(this->work, work);
	}

	Person(Person &per) 
	{
		cout <<"Pserson(Person &)"<<endl;
		this->age = per.age;

		this->name = new char[strlen(per.name) + 1];
		strcpy(this->name, per.name);

		this->work = new char[strlen(per.work) + 1];
		strcpy(this->work, per.work);
	}

	~Person()
	{
		cout << "~Person()"<<endl;
		if (this->name) {
			cout << "name = "<<name<<endl;
			delete this->name;
		}
		if (this->work) {
			cout << "work = "<<work<<endl;
			delete this->work;
		}
	}

	void printInfo(void)
	{
		//printf("name = %s, age = %d, work = %s\n", name, age, work); 
		cout<<"name = "<<name<<", age = "<<age<<", work = "<<work<<endl;
	}
};

Person per_g("per_g", 10);  //全局变量

void func()
{
	Person per_func("per_func", 11);  //局部变量
	static Person per_func_s("per_func_s", 11);  //静态变量
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	Person per_main("per_main", 11);  //局部变量
	static Person per_main_s("per_main_s", 11);  //静态变量

	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
	{
		func();
		Person per_for("per_for", i);
	}

	return 0;
}


执行结果:
1.全局变量 per_g

然后是main 函数，顺序执行，碰到哪一个对象就执行哪一个构造函数
3.per_main
4.per_main_s

第一次进入for循环
5.per_func
6.per_func_s
退出func()，销毁局部变量,但是不会销毁静态实例化对象static
7.~Person()name=per_func work=none

8.per_for
第一次退出for循环，
9.~Person()name=per_for work=none

第二次进入for循环
10.per_func 
不会再次实例化静态对象per_func_s

退出func()
11.~Person()name=per_func work=none

12.per_for
13.~Person()name=per_for work=none

退出main
14.~Person()name=per_main work=none

15.~Person()name=per_func_s work=none

16.~Person()name=per_main_s work=none

构造顺序：

按进行中定义对象的顺序调用构造函数，

静态对象值调用一次构造函数，

全局对象在main函数执行前被构造

2.student类里面含有对象

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Person {
private:
	char *name;
	int age;
	char *work;

public:

	Person() {
		cout <<"Pserson()"<<endl;
		name = NULL;
		work = NULL;
	}
	Person(char *name) 
	{
		//cout <<"Pserson(char *)"<<endl;
		this->name = new char[strlen(name) + 1];
		strcpy(this->name, name);
		this->work = NULL;
	}

	Person(char *name, int age, char *work = "none") 
	{
		cout <<"Pserson(char*, int), name = "<<name<<", age= "<<age<<endl;
		this->age = age;

		this->name = new char[strlen(name) + 1];
		strcpy(this->name, name);

		this->work = new char[strlen(work) + 1];
		strcpy(this->work, work);
	}

	Person(Person &per) 
	{
		cout <<"Pserson(Person &)"<<endl;
		this->age = per.age;

		this->name = new char[strlen(per.name) + 1];
		strcpy(this->name, per.name);

		this->work = new char[strlen(per.work) + 1];
		strcpy(this->work, per.work);
	}

	~Person()
	{
		cout << "~Person()"<<endl;
		if (this->name) {
			cout << "name = "<<name<<endl;
			delete this->name;
		}
		if (this->work) {
			cout << "work = "<<work<<endl;
			delete this->work;
		}
	}

	void setName(char *n)
	{
		name = n;
	}
	int setAge(int a)
	{
		if (a < 0 || a > 150)
		{
			age = 0;
			return -1;
		}
		age = a;
		return 0;
	}
	void printInfo(void)
	{
		//printf("name = %s, age = %d, work = %s\n", name, age, work); 
		cout<<"name = "<<name<<", age = "<<age<<", work = "<<work<<endl;
	}
};  //class Person

class Student {
private:
	Person father;
	Person mother;
	int student_id;
public:
	Student()
	{
		cout<<"Student()"<<endl;
	}

	Student(int id, char *father, char *mother, int father_age = 40, int mother_age = 39)
	{
		cout<<"Student(int id, char *father, char *mother, int father_age = 40, int mother_age = 39)"<<endl;
	}

	~Student()
	{
		cout<<"~Student()"<<endl;
	}

	
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	Student s(100, "bill", "lily");
	
	return 0;
}


执行结果:
Pserson()
Pserson()
Student(int id, char *father, char *mother, int father_age = 40, int mother_age = 39)
~Student()
~Pserson()
~Pserson()

3.构造顺序与析构顺序

	Student(int id, char *father, char *mother, int father_age = 40, int mother_age = 39) : mother(mother, mother_age), father(father, father_age)
	{
		cout<<"Student(int id, char *father, char *mother, int father_age = 40, int mother_age = 39)"<<endl;
	}


Pserson(char*, int), name = bill age= 40
Pserson(char*, int), name = lily age= 39
Student(int id, char *father, char *mother, int father_age = 40, int mother_age = 39)
~Student()
~Pserson name = lily ...
~Pserson name = bill ...