【leetcode】166. Fraction to Recurring Decimal

一、题目描述

Given two integers representing the numerator and denominator of a fraction, return the fraction in string format.

If the fractional part is repeating, enclose the repeating part in parentheses.

For example,

• Given numerator = 1, denominator = 2, return "0.5".
• Given numerator = 2, denominator = 1, return "2".
• Given numerator = 2, denominator = 3, return "0.(6)".

Hint:

1. No scary math, just apply elementary math knowledge. Still remember how to perform a long division?
2. Try a long division on 4/9, the repeating part is obvious. Now try 4/333. Do you see a pattern?
3. Be wary of edge cases! List out as many test cases as you can think of and test your code thoroughly.
4. 
   

思路：

1、判断正负数，如果是负数，则加'-' 符号

2、n和d分别取绝对值，消除正负数的影响

3、求小数点前面的数

4、求小数点后面的数

a. 假设当前的数是n 并且n>10

b. 将n/d的值入结果

c. 设置n = (n%d)*10

d. 并将n为key，字符串长度入哈希表；table[n] = 当前的位置（可以是字符串的位置，也可以是小数点后的数字组成的字符串的位置）

e. 循环step a

5、如果n不等于0，说明第四步结束的原因是因为存在循环的数。

a. 在循环数的位置插入'('：该位置等于table[n]

b. 在结尾的位置插入')'

6、返回结果。

c++代码（0ms，83.76%）：

class Solution {
public:
    string fractionToDecimal(int numerator, int denominator) {
        string res;
        if(!numerator)  return "0";
        if(numerator<0 ^ denominator<0)
            res += '-';
        long num = abs(long(numerator));
        long den = abs(long(denominator));
        long quotient = num/den;
        if(num%den == 0)
            return res += to_string(abs(num/den));
        
        res += to_string(quotient);
        res += '.';
        long rmd = num%den;
        unordered_map<long, long> m;
        while(rmd){
            if(m.find(rmd)!=m.end()){
                res.insert(m[rmd], 1, '(');
                res+=')';
                break;
            }
            m[rmd] = res.size();
            res += to_string(rmd*10/den);
            rmd = (rmd*10%den);
            
        }
        return res;
    }
};