基于tensorflow的手写数字分类预测kaggle实战

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-03 18:53:00 发布

xiaosakun

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-03 18:53:00 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xiaosa_kun/article/details/84868468

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本文介绍了如何使用TensorFlow进行手写数字分类的Kaggle实战，包括配置环境、下载数据集、训练与保存模型、模型预测及提交答案。作者在Kaggle比赛中取得了前2%的成绩，提供了可加载的高准确率模型。

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2018年9月20日笔记

kaggle网站手写数字分类的比赛链接：https://www.kaggle.com/c/digit-recognizer
注册账号后才能参加kaggle比赛，本文作者成绩前2%，如下图所示：

image.png

0.尝试提交

本文作者提供一份能够获得较好成绩的文件，读者可以提交该文件熟悉提交流程。
下载链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1QKVMmAnW7Ui1104fhfiljg 提取码: mqex
该作答文件的提交成绩有0.99814，如果读者想提高成绩到0.99985，请阅读后面的章节。

1.配置环境

使用卷积神经网络模型要求有较高的机器配置，如果使用CPU版tensorflow会花费大量时间。
读者在有nvidia显卡的情况下，安装GPU版tensorflow会提高计算速度50倍。
安装教程链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36556893/article/details/79433298
如果没有nvidia显卡，但有visa信用卡，请阅读我的另一篇文章《在谷歌云服务器上搭建深度学习平台》，链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/893d622d1b5a

2.下载并解压数据集

MNIST数据集下载链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1fPbgMqsEvk2WyM9hy5Em6w 密码: wa9p
下载压缩文件MNIST_data.rar完成后，选择解压到当前文件夹，不要选择解压到MNIST_data。
文件夹结构如下图所示：

image.png

3.模型训练并保存

本文作者此段代码是在谷歌云服务器上运行，谷歌云服务器的GPU显存有16G。
因为个人电脑GPU的显存不足，读者可能无法运行，解决办法是减少feed_dict中的样本数量。
理解下面一段代码，请阅读本文作者的另外一篇文章《基于tensorflow+CNN的MNIST数据集手写数字分类》，链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/a652f1cb95b4

import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
import random
import numpy as np

mnist = input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data', one_hot=True)
batch_size = 300
X_holder = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
y_holder = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
X = np.vstack([mnist.train.images, mnist.test.images, mnist.validation.images])
y = np.vstack([mnist.train.labels, mnist.test.labels, mnist.validation.labels])
print(X.shape, y.shape)

X_images = tf.reshape(X_holder, [-1, 28, 28, 1])
#convolutional layer 1
conv1_Weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([5, 5, 1, 32], stddev=0.1), name='conv1_Weights')
conv1_biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[32]), name='conv1_biases')
conv1_conv2d = tf.nn.conv2d(X_images, conv1_Weights, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME') + conv1_biases
conv1_activated = tf.nn.relu(conv1_conv2d)
conv1_pooled = tf.nn.max_pool(conv1_activated, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')
#convolutional layer 2
conv2_Weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([5, 5, 32, 64], stddev=0.1), name='conv2_Weights')
conv2_biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[64]), name='conv2_biases')
conv2_conv2d = tf.nn.conv2d(conv1_pooled, conv2_Weights, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME') + conv2_biases
conv2_activated = tf.nn.relu(conv2_conv2d)
conv2_pooled = tf.nn.max_pool(conv2_activated, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')
#full connected layer 1
connect1_flat = tf.reshape(conv2_pooled, [-1, 7 * 7 * 64])
connect1_Weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([7 * 7 * 64, 1024], stddev=0.1), name='connect1_Weights')
connect1_biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[1024]), name='connect1_biases')
connect1_Wx_plus_b = tf.add(tf.matmul(connect1_flat, connect1_Weights), connect1_biases)
connect1_activated = tf.nn.relu(connect1_Wx_plus_b)
#full connected layer 2
connect2_Weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([1024, 10], stddev=0.1), name='connect2_Weights')
connect2_biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[10]), name='connect2_biases')
connect2_Wx_plus_b = tf.add(tf.matmul(connect1_activated, connect2_Weights), connect2_biases)
predict_y = tf.nn.softmax(connect2_Wx_plus_b)
#loss and train
loss = tf.reduce_mean(-tf.reduce_sum(y_holder * tf.log(predict_y), 1))
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(0.0001)
train = optimizer.minimize(loss)

init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
session = tf.Session()
session.run(init)
saver = tf.train.Saver()

for i in range(20000):
    selected_index = random.sample(range(len(y)), k=batch_size)
    selected_X = X[selected_index]
    selected_y = y[selected_index]
    session.run(train, feed_dict={X_holder:selected_X, y_holder:selected_y})
    if i % 100 == 0:
        correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(predict_y, 1), tf.argmax(y_holder, 1))
        accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))
        train_accuracy = session.run(accuracy, feed_dict={X_holder:mnist.train.images, y_holder:mnist.train.labels})
        test_accuracy = session.run(accuracy, feed_dict={X_holder:mnist.test.images, y_holder:mnist.test.labels})
        validation_accuracy = session.run(accuracy, feed_dict={X_holder:mnist.validation.images, y_holder:mnist.validation.labels})
        print('step:%d train accuracy:%.4f test accuracy:%.4f validation accuracy:%.4f' %(i, train_accuracy, test_accuracy, validation_accuracy))
        if train_accuracy == 1 and test_accuracy == 1 and validation_accuracy == 1:
            save_path = saver.save(session, 'mnist_cnn_model/mnist_cnn.ckpt')
            print('Save to path:', save_path)

4.加载模型

本文作者提供获得最佳成绩0.99985的模型，读者可以加载该模型，并用此模型预测并提交成绩。
模型下载链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1zVLHdGiZflspV9jPWn_ECA 提取码: nktv
如果读者有服务器，可以尝试获取保存的模型，下载按钮如下图所示：

image.png

import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

mnist = input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data', one_hot=True)
batch_size = 100
X_holder = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
y_holder = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)

X_images = tf.reshape(X_holder, [-1, 28, 28, 1])
#convolutional layer 1
conv1_Weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([5, 5, 1, 32], stddev=0.1), name='conv1_Weights')
conv1_biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[32]), name='conv1_biases')
conv1_conv2d = tf.nn.conv2d(X_images, conv1_Weights, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME') + conv1_biases
conv1_activated = tf.nn.relu(conv1_conv2d)
conv1_pooled = tf.nn.max_pool(conv1_activated, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')
#convolutional layer 2
conv2_Weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([5, 5, 32, 64], stddev=0.1), name='conv2_Weights')
conv2_biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[64]), name='conv2_biases')
conv2_conv2d = tf.nn.conv2d(conv1_pooled, conv2_Weights, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME') + conv2_biases
conv2_activated = tf.nn.relu(conv2_conv2d)
conv2_pooled = tf.nn.max_pool(conv2_activated, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')
#full connected layer 1
connect1_flat = tf.reshape(conv2_pooled, [-1, 7 * 7 * 64])
connect1_Weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([7 * 7 * 64, 1024], stddev=0.1), name='connect1_Weights')
connect1_biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[1024]), name='connect1_biases')
connect1_Wx_plus_b = tf.add(tf.matmul(connect1_flat, connect1_Weights), connect1_biases)
connect1_activated = tf.nn.relu(connect1_Wx_plus_b)
#full connected layer 2
connect2_Weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([1024, 10], stddev=0.1), name='connect2_Weights')
connect2_biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[10]), name='connect2_biases')
connect2_Wx_plus_b = tf.add(tf.matmul(connect1_activated, connect2_Weights), connect2_biases)
predict_y = tf.nn.softmax(connect2_Wx_plus_b)
#loss and train
loss = tf.reduce_mean(-tf.reduce_sum(y_holder * tf.log(predict_y), 1))
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(0.0001)
train = optimizer.minimize(loss)

session = tf.Session()
saver = tf.train.Saver()
saver.restore(session, 'mnist_cnn_model/mnist_cnn.ckpt')
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(predict_y, 1), tf.argmax(y_holder, 1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))
print('load model successful')
train_images, train_labels = mnist.train.next_batch(5000)
test_images, test_labels = mnist.test.next_batch(5000)
train_accuracy = session.run(accuracy, feed_dict={X_holder:train_images, y_holder:train_labels})
test_accuracy = session.run(accuracy, feed_dict={X_holder:test_images, y_holder:test_labels})
print('train accuracy:%.4f test accuracy:%.4f' %(train_accuracy, test_accuracy))

上面一段代码的运行结果如下：

Extracting MNIST_data/train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
Extracting MNIST_data/train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz
Extracting MNIST_data/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
Extracting MNIST_data/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz
INFO:tensorflow:Restoring parameters from mnist_cnn_model/mnist_cnn.ckpt
load model successful
train accuracy:1.0000 test accuracy:1.0000

5.模型预测

此第5张能够成功运行的前提是已经成功运行第4章的代码，即加载模型成功。
将测试样本分成6份，可以解决因为显存不足无法运行的问题。

import pandas as pd

test_df = pd.read_csv('test.csv')
X = test_df.values
print('特征矩阵的形状：', X.shape)
X1 = X[:5000]
X2 = X[5000:10000]
X3 = X[10000:15000]
X4 = X[15000:20000]
X5 = X[20000:25000]
X6 = X[25000:]
y1 = session.run(predict_y, feed_dict={X_holder:X1})
y2 = session.run(predict_y, feed_dict={X_holder:X2})
y3 = session.run(predict_y, feed_dict={X_holder:X3})
y4 = session.run(predict_y, feed_dict={X_holder:X4})
y5 = session.run(predict_y, feed_dict={X_holder:X5})
y6 = session.run(predict_y, feed_dict={X_holder:X6})

import numpy as np
y = np.vstack([y1, y2, y3, y4, y5, y6])
y_argmax = np.argmax(y, 1)
y_argmax.shape
print('预测值的形状：', y_argmax.shape)
commit_df = pd.DataFrame({'ImageId': range(1, 1+len(y_argmax)),
                         'Label': y_argmax})
fileName = 'kaggle_commit3.csv'
commit_df.to_csv(fileName, index=False)
print('预测结果已经保存到文件', fileName)

上面一段代码的运行结果如下：