吴恩达机器学习（第一周）-3、Linear Algebra Review

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-06 10:55:54 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-06 10:55:54 发布

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这部分，学过线性代数的可以复习一下，比较基础。笔记整理暂留。

3.1 Matrices and Vectors

Octave 代码:

% The ; denotes we are going back to a new row.
A = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6; 7, 8, 9; 10, 11, 12]

% Initialize a vector 
v = [1;2;3] 

% Get the dimension of the matrix A where m = rows and n = columns
[m,n] = size(A)

% You could also store it this way
dim_A = size(A)

% Get the dimension of the vector v 
dim_v = size(v)

% Now let's index into the 2nd row 3rd column of matrix A
A_23 = A(2,3)

执行结果:

A =

    1    2    3
    4    5    6
    7    8    9
   10   11   12

v =

   1
   2
   3

m =  4
n =  3
dim_A =

   4   3

dim_v =

   3   1

A_23 =  6

3.2 Addition and Scalar Multiplication

Octave 代码:

% Initialize matrix A and B 
A = [1, 2, 4; 5, 3, 2]
B = [1, 3, 4; 1, 1, 1]

% Initialize constant s 
s = 2

% See how element-wise addition works
add_AB = A + B 

% See how element-wise subtraction works
sub_AB = A - B

% See how scalar multiplication works
mult_As = A * s

% Divide A by s
div_As = A / s

% What happens if we have a Matrix + scalar?
add_As = A + s

执行结果:

A =

   1   2   4
   5   3   2

B =

   1   3   4
   1   1   1

s =  2
add_AB =

   2   5   8
   6   4   3

sub_AB =

   0  -1   0
   4   2   1

mult_As =

    2    4    8
   10    6    4

div_As =

   0.50000   1.00000   2.00000
   2.50000   1.50000   1.00000

add_As =

   3   4   6
   7   5   4

3.3 Matrix Vector Multiplication

Octave 代码:

% Initialize matrix A 
A = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6;7, 8, 9] 

% Initialize vector v 
v = [1; 1; 1] 

% Multiply A * v
Av = A * v

执行结果:

3.4 Matrix Matrix Multiplication

Octave 代码:

% Initialize a 3 by 2 matrix 
A = [1, 2; 3, 4;5, 6]

% Initialize a 2 by 1 matrix 
B = [1; 2] 

% We expect a resulting matrix of (3 by 2)*(2 by 1) = (3 by 1) 
mult_AB = A*B

% Make sure you understand why we got that result

执行结果:

3.5 Matrix Multiplication Properties

Octave 代码:

% Initialize random matrices A and B 
A = [1,2;4,5]
B = [1,1;0,2]

% Initialize a 2 by 2 identity matrix
I = eye(2)

% The above notation is the same as I = [1,0;0,1]

% What happens when we multiply I*A ? 
IA = I*A 

% How about A*I ? 
AI = A*I 

% Compute A*B 
AB = A*B 

% Is it equal to B*A? 
BA = B*A 

% Note that IA = AI but AB != BA

执行结果:

A =

   1   2
   4   5

B =

   1   1
   0   2

I =

Diagonal Matrix

   1   0
   0   1

IA =

   1   2
   4   5

AI =

   1   2
   4   5

AB =

    1    5
    4   14

BA =

    5    7
    8   10

3.6 Inverse and Transpose

Octave 代码:

% Initialize matrix A 
A = [1,2,0;0,5,6;7,0,9]

% Transpose A 
A_trans = A' 

% Take the inverse of A 
A_inv = inv(A)

% What is A^(-1)*A? 
A_invA = inv(A)*A

执行结果:

A =

   1   2   0
   0   5   6
   7   0   9

A_trans =

   1   0   7
   2   5   0
   0   6   9

A_inv =

   0.348837  -0.139535   0.093023
   0.325581   0.069767  -0.046512
  -0.271318   0.108527   0.038760

A_invA =

   1.00000  -0.00000   0.00000
   0.00000   1.00000  -0.00000
  -0.00000   0.00000   1.00000