C++ 重载自增和自减操作符

C++不要求自增或自减一定作为类的成员，但因为这些操作改变操作对象的状态，所以更倾向于将它们作为成员；

为了与内置操作符一致，前缀式操作符应该返回被增量或者减量对象的引用；

后缀形式的自增或自减少操作符接受一个无用的int 形参来与前缀形式区分

为了与内置操作符一致，后缀式操作符应该返回旧值（即尚未自增或者自减的值），并且应该作为值返回，而不是返回引用；

class autoAdd
{

    public:
        friend std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & , autoAdd &);
        friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &, const autoAdd &);
        //default constructor
        autoAdd():i(0) {  std::cout<<"default constructor  of autoAdd is called"<<std::endl;}
        //copy control
        autoAdd(const autoAdd& m):i(m.i)  {  std::cout<<"copy constructor  of autoAdd is called"<<std::endl;}
        autoAdd & operator=(const autoAdd & m) { std::cout<<"operator=  of autoAdd is called"<<std::endl; i = m.i;   return *this;}

        autoAdd& operator++() {  std::cout<<"prefix operator++   of autoAdd is called"<<std::endl;  ++i; return *this;}
        autoAdd operator++(int) {  std::cout<<"postfix operator++   of autoAdd is called"<<std::endl;  autoAdd ret(*this);  i++; return ret;}
        autoAdd& operator--() { std::cout<<"prefix operator--   of autoAdd is called"<<std::endl;   --i; return *this; }
        autoAdd operator--(int) {std::cout<<"postfix operator--   of autoAdd is called"<<std::endl; autoAdd ret(*this);  i--; return ret; }
    private:
        int i;
};


std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & i , autoAdd & a)
{
    std::cout<<"operator>> of autoAdd is called"<<std::endl;
    i>>a.i;
    return i;
}


std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & o, const autoAdd & a)
{
    std::cout<<"operator<< of autoAdd is called"<<std::endl;
    o<<a.i;
    return o;
}

 // test class autoAdd
   autoAdd a1;
   std::cout<<a1<<std::endl;
   std::cin>>a1;
   std::cout<<a1<<std::endl;
   ++a1;
   std::cout<<a1<<std::endl;
   a1++;
   std::cout<<a1<<std::endl;
   std::cout<<a1++<<std::endl;
   --a1;
   std::cout<<a1<<std::endl;
   a1--;
   std::cout<<a1<<std::endl;