ssh密钥登录和免密认证

创建密钥对

[root@host ~]$ ssh-keygen  <== 建立密钥对
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): <== 按 Enter
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): <== 输入密钥锁码，或直接按 Enter 留空
Enter same passphrase again: <== 再输入一遍密钥锁码
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. <== 私钥
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. <== 公钥
The key fingerprint is:
0f:d3:e7:1a:1c:bd:5c:03:f1:19:f1:22:df:9b:cc:08 root@host

密钥锁码在使用私钥时必须输入，这样就可以保护私钥不被盗用。当然，也可以留空，实现无密码登录。

现在，在 root 用户的家目录中生成了一个 .ssh 的隐藏目录，内含两个密钥文件。id_rsa 为私钥，id_rsa.pub 为公钥

在服务器上安装公钥

[root@host ~]$ cd .ssh
[root@host .ssh]$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

修改文件权限

[root@host .ssh]$ chmod 600 authorized_keys
[root@host .ssh]$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh

设置 SSH，打开密钥登录功能

编辑 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 文件，进行如下设置：

PubkeyAuthentication yes   //打开密钥认证
PasswordAuthentication no   //关闭密码登录

重启sshd服务

service sshd restart

ssh连接时使用私钥id_rsa登录即可

ssh免密登陆(A机器登录到B机器免密)

ssh免密登陆(A机器登录到B机器免密)
A生成密钥
ssh-keygen -t rsa
将A的公钥复制到B的.ssh/authorized_keys
scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub 172.16.1.5:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
在B机器上修改 authorized_keys访问权限
chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys