C++ ：使用抽象类提供对外接口

父类子类指针函数调用注意事项
1，如果以一个基础类指针指向一个衍生类对象(派生类对象)，那么经由该指针只能访问基础类定义的函数（静态联翩）

2，如果以一个衍生类指针指向一个基础类对象，必须先做强制转型动作（explicit cast），这种做法很危险，也不符合生活习惯，在程序设计上也会给程序员带来困扰。（一般不会这么去定义）

注意包含纯虚函数的抽象类无法实例化。

使用举例：

namespace diagclient
{
    class CDiagClienteExInterface
    {
        public:
            virtual void init(void) = 0;
            virtual void deinit(void) = 0;

            virtual void RegReadDTCCallback(ReadDTCCallback function) = 0;
            virtual void RegReadAllDTCsCallback(ReadAllDTCsCallback function) = 0;
            virtual void RegDTCReceiveCallback(DTCReceiveCallback function) = 0;
            virtual void RegClearDTCCallback(ClearDTCCallback function) = 0;

            virtual bool ReadDTC(DTC_Code_ST id) = 0;                             //GM Read DTC
            virtual bool ReadAllDTCs() = 0;                                       //GM Read All DTCs
            virtual bool ClearDTC() = 0;                                          //GM Clear DTC
            virtual bool RegisterFaultMonitor(DTC_Code_ST id) = 0;                //GM Register Fault Monitor
            virtual bool UnRegisterFaultMonitor(DTC_Code_ST id) = 0;              //GM UnRegister Fault Monitor
            virtual bool SetTestResult(FAULT_EVENT_ID eventID, EVENT_STATUS_T evtStatus) = 0;
    };
}

extern    diagclient::CDiagClienteExInterface* CreateCDiagClienteExInterface();
extern    void DeleteCDiagClienteExInterface(diagclient::CDiagClienteExInterface* interface);

namespace diagclient
{
    class CDiagClientInterface : public CDiagClienteExInterface
    {
        public:
            CDiagClientInterface();
            virtual ~CDiagClientInterface();
            void init(void);
            void deinit(void);
            void onMessageDispatcher(uint32_t id, void *message, uint32_t length, uint32_t uid);

            virtual void RegReadDTCCallback(ReadDTCCallback function);
            virtual void RegReadAllDTCsCallback(ReadAllDTCsCallback function);
            virtual void RegDTCReceiveCallback(DTCReceiveCallback function);
            virtual void RegClearDTCCallback(ClearDTCCallback function);

            virtual bool ReadDTC(DTC_Code_ST id);                             //GM Read DTC
            virtual bool ReadAllDTCs();                                       //GM Read All DTCs
            virtual bool ClearDTC();                                          //GM Clear DTC
            virtual bool RegisterFaultMonitor(DTC_Code_ST id);                //GM Register Fault Monitor
            virtual bool UnRegisterFaultMonitor(DTC_Code_ST id);              //GM UnRegister Fault Monitor
            virtual bool SetTestResult(FAULT_EVENT_ID eventID, EVENT_STATUS_T evtStatus);

        public:
            virtual bool ReadDTCReturn(void *message, uint32_t length);       //Read DTC feedback
            virtual bool ReadAllDTCsReturn(void *message, uint32_t length);   //Read All DTCs feedback
            virtual bool ClearDTCReturn(void *message, uint32_t length);      //Clear DTC feedback
            virtual bool DTCReceivedCallback(void *message, uint32_t length); //DTC status change notify

        private:
            bool                          b_init;
            ReadDTCCallback               m_ReadDTC;
            ReadAllDTCsCallback           m_ReadAllDTCs;
            DTCReceiveCallback            m_DTCReceive;
            ClearDTCCallback              m_ClearDTC;
    };
}

/**** GLOBAL VARIABLES ***************************************************/
CDiagClienteExInterface* CreateCDiagClienteExInterface()
{
    CDiagClientInterface* m_interface = new CDiagClientInterface;
    return m_interface;
}

void DeleteCDiagClienteExInterface(CDiagClienteExInterface* m_interface)
{
    delete m_interface;
}

这样如果使用抽象类的指针去访问派生类定义的其他的接口的时候，就会出现“成员函数未定义”的编译问题。