9.如图所示为带有可变磁阻位移传感器的地震质量块加速度计。加速度计的无阻尼固有频率为25hz,加速度输入范围为0 ~ 5g。利用下面的数据,计算:
(a)所需的弹簧刚度
(b)当传感器处于最大加速度时的空气间隙
(c)线圈电感的变化范围
解:(a)弹簧和质量块的有效质量为
m
=
0.025
k
g
m=0.025\;kg
m=0.025kg,加速度计的自然频率
f
n
=
25
H
z
f_n=25\;Hz
fn=25Hz,
当传感器正在加速时,由牛顿第二定理,得 − m x ¨ = k x -m \ddot x=kx −mx¨=kx, ω n = 2 π f n = 50 π r a d / s \omega_n=2 \pi f_n = 50\pi \; rad/s ωn=2πfn=50πrad/s,
物体的共振频率,也就是自然频率满足 ω = k m \omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}} ω=mk,其中,k是物体的劲度系数,m是物体的质量,我们令 ω = ω n \omega=\omega_n ω=ωn,解得 k = 616.85 N / m k=616.85N/m k=616.85N/m
(b)最大加速度对应的是 a m a x = 5 g a_{max}=5g amax=5g,此时弹簧末端对应位移为 Δ x = − m a k = 0.025 × 5 × 9.81 616.85 = − 0.00199 m = − 1.99 m m \Delta x =- \frac{ma}{k}=\frac{0.025\times5\times9.81}{616.85}=-0.00199\;m=-1.99\;mm Δx=−kma=616.850.025×5×9.81=−0.00199m=−1.99mm,
此时空气间隙为 δ 1 = δ + Δ x = ( 3 − 1.99 ) m m = 1.01 m m \delta_1=\delta+\Delta x=(3-1.99)\;mm=1.01\;mm δ1=δ+Δx=(3−1.99)mm=1.01mm
(c)当加速度为0时, δ 0 = 3 m m \delta_0=3mm δ0=3mm,
此时电路总磁阻为
R
t
o
t
a
l
=
L
1
μ
1
S
1
+
L
2
μ
2
S
2
+
2
δ
μ
0
S
=
π
l
2
μ
0
μ
r
π
(
d
2
)
2
+
l
μ
0
μ
r
d
t
+
2
δ
0
μ
0
π
(
d
2
)
2
=
7.3525
×
1
0
7
H
−
1
\begin{aligned} R_{total}&=\frac{L_1}{\mu_1 S_1}+\frac{L_2}{\mu_2 S_2}+\frac{2\delta}{\mu_0 S}\\ &=\frac{\pi \frac{l}{2}}{\mu_0 \mu_r \pi (\frac{d}{2})^2}+\frac{l}{\mu_0 \mu_r dt}+\frac{2\delta_0}{\mu_0 \pi (\frac{d}{2})^2}\\ &=7.3525\times10^7\;H^{-1}\end{aligned}
Rtotal=μ1S1L1+μ2S2L2+μ0S2δ=μ0μrπ(2d)2π2l+μ0μrdtl+μ0π(2d)22δ0=7.3525×107H−1
线圈的电感为
L 0 = N 2 R t o t a l = 0.0034 H = 3.4 m H L_0=\frac{N^2}{R_{total}}=0.0034\;H=3.4\;mH L0=RtotalN2=0.0034H=3.4mH
当加速度为5g时,由上问可知,空气间隙 δ 1 = 1.01 m m \delta_1=1.01\;mm δ1=1.01mm
此时的磁阻为
R
t
o
t
a
l
=
L
1
μ
1
S
1
+
L
2
μ
2
S
2
+
2
δ
μ
0
S
=
π
l
2
μ
0
μ
r
π
(
d
2
)
2
+
l
μ
0
μ
r
d
t
+
2
δ
1
μ
0
π
(
d
2
2
=
3.3199
×
1
0
7
H
−
1
\begin{aligned} R_{total}&=\frac{L_1}{\mu_1 S_1}+\frac{L_2}{\mu_2 S_2}+\frac{2\delta}{\mu_0 S}\\ &=\frac{\pi \frac{l}{2}}{\mu_0 \mu_r \pi (\frac{d}{2})^2}+\frac{l}{\mu_0 \mu_r dt}+\frac{2\delta_1}{\mu_0 \pi (\frac{d}{2}^2}\\ &=3.3199\times10^7\;H^{-1}\end{aligned}
Rtotal=μ1S1L1+μ2S2L2+μ0S2δ=μ0μrπ(2d)2π2l+μ0μrdtl+μ0π(2d22δ1=3.3199×107H−1
新的线圈电感
L
1
=
N
2
R
t
o
t
a
l
1
=
0.0075
=
7.5
m
H
L_1=\frac{N^2}{R_{total1}}=0.0075\;=7.5\;mH
L1=Rtotal1N2=0.0075=7.5mH
所以线圈电感的范围是 3.4 m H 3.4\;mH 3.4mH到 7.5 m H 7.5\;mH 7.5mH