输入子系统 ---- input.c

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前言

本文基于S3C2440开发板。

一、输入子系统分析

输入子系统其实就是一个文件input.c,Linux系统支持的输入设备繁多，例如键盘、鼠标、触摸屏、手柄或者是一些输入设备像体感输入等等,为了让上层app使用相同的方法获取不同的输入设备数据,引入了输入子系统的概念,input子系统解决了不同的输入类设备的输入事件与应用层之间的数据传输，使得应用层能够获取到各种不同的输入设备的输入事件，input输入子系统能够囊括所有的不同种类的输入设备，在应用层都能够感知到所有发生的输入事件。

如果想要添加自己的输入设备驱动程序到这个输入子系统中,首先需要用input_allocate_device()申请一个结构体input_dev,然后填充实例化这个结构体,就是进行一些事件的设置,设置完后,用input_register_device进行注册进内核,那如果有数据产生了要怎么传数据给app呢?,这里需要使用到input_event()上报发生的事件,这时候app就可以读到数据,读到的数据是一个结构体input_event。

• 具体的结构体和函数的原型

struct input_dev *input_allocate_device(void)
{
	struct input_dev *dev;

	dev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct input_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (dev) {
		dev->cdev.class = &input_class;
		dev->cdev.groups = input_dev_attr_groups;
		class_device_initialize(&dev->cdev);
		mutex_init(&dev->mutex);
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->h_list);
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->node);

		__module_get(THIS_MODULE);
	}

	return dev;
}

struct input_dev {

	void *private;

	const char *name;
	const char *phys;
	const char *uniq;
	struct input_id id;

	unsigned long evbit[NBITS(EV_MAX)];
	unsigned long keybit[NBITS(KEY_MAX)];
	unsigned long relbit[NBITS(REL_MAX)];
	unsigned long absbit[NBITS(ABS_MAX)];
	unsigned long mscbit[NBITS(MSC_MAX)];
	unsigned long ledbit[NBITS(LED_MAX)];
	unsigned long sndbit[NBITS(SND_MAX)];
	unsigned long ffbit[NBITS(FF_MAX)];
	unsigned long swbit[NBITS(SW_MAX)];

	unsigned int keycodemax;
	unsigned int keycodesize;
	void *keycode;
	int (*setkeycode)(struct input_dev *dev, int scancode, int keycode);
	int (*getkeycode)(struct input_dev *dev, int scancode, int *keycode);

	struct ff_device *ff;

	unsigned int repeat_key;
	struct timer_list timer;

	int state;

	int sync;

	int abs[ABS_MAX + 1];
	int rep[REP_MAX + 1];

	unsigned long key[NBITS(KEY_MAX)];
	unsigned long led[NBITS(LED_MAX)];
	unsigned long snd[NBITS(SND_MAX)];
	unsigned long sw[NBITS(SW_MAX)];

	int absmax[ABS_MAX + 1];
	int absmin[ABS_MAX + 1];
	int absfuzz[ABS_MAX + 1];
	int absflat[ABS_MAX + 1];

	int (*open)(struct input_dev *dev);
	void (*close)(struct input_dev *dev);
	int (*flush)(struct input_dev *dev, struct file *file);
	int (*event)(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value);

	struct input_handle *grab;

	struct mutex mutex;	/* serializes open and close operations */
	unsigned int users;

	struct class_device cdev;
	union {			/* temporarily so while we switching to struct device */
		struct device *parent;
	} dev;

	struct list_head	h_list;
	struct list_head	node;
};

nt input_register_device(struct input_dev *dev)
{
	static atomic_t input_no = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
	struct input_handler *handler;
	const char *path;
	int error;

	set_bit(EV_SYN, dev->evbit);

	/*
	 * If delay and period are pre-set by the driver, then autorepeating
	 * is handled by the driver itself and we don't do it in input.c.
	 */

	init_timer(&dev->timer);
	if (!dev->rep[REP_DELAY] && !dev->rep[REP_PERIOD]) {
		dev->timer.data = (long) dev;
		dev->timer.function = input_repeat_key;
		dev->rep[REP_DELAY] = 250;
		dev->rep[REP_PERIOD] = 33;
	}

	if (!dev->getkeycode)
		dev->getkeycode = input_default_getkeycode;

	if (!dev->setkeycode)
		dev->setkeycode = input_default_setkeycode;

	list_add_tail(&dev->node, &input_dev_list);

	snprintf(dev->cdev.class_id, sizeof(dev->cdev.class_id),
		 "input%ld", (unsigned long) atomic_inc_return(&input_no) - 1);

	if (!dev->cdev.dev)
		dev->cdev.dev = dev->dev.parent;

	error = class_device_add(&dev->cdev);
	if (error)
		return error;

	path = kobject_get_path(&dev->cdev.kobj, GFP_KERNEL);
	printk(KERN_INFO "input: %s as %s\n",
		dev->name ? dev->name : "Unspecified device", path ? path : "N/A");
	kfree(path);

	list_for_each_entry(handler, &input_handler_list, node)
		input_attach_handler(dev, handler);

	input_wakeup_procfs_readers();

	return 0;
}

struct input_event {
	struct timeval time;
	__u16 type;
	__u16 code;
	__s32 value;
};

二、源码实例分析

/* 参考drivers\input\keyboard\gpio_keys.c */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/version.h>

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/pm.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>

#include <asm/gpio.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>

struct pin_desc{
	int irq;
	char *name;
	unsigned int pin;
	unsigned int key_val;
};

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
	{IRQ_EINT0,  "S2", S3C2410_GPF0,   KEY_L},
	{IRQ_EINT2,  "S3", S3C2410_GPF2,   KEY_S},
	{IRQ_EINT11, "S4", S3C2410_GPG3,   KEY_ENTER},
	{IRQ_EINT19, "S5",  S3C2410_GPG11, KEY_LEFTSHIFT},
};

static struct input_dev *buttons_dev;
static struct pin_desc *irq_pd;
static struct timer_list buttons_timer;

static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	/* 10ms后启动定时器 */
	irq_pd = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
	mod_timer(&buttons_timer, jiffies+HZ/100);
	return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static void buttons_timer_function(unsigned long data)
{
	struct pin_desc * pindesc = irq_pd;
	unsigned int pinval;

	if (!pindesc)
		return;
	
	pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

	if (pinval)
	{
		/* 松开 : 最后一个参数: 0-松开, 1-按下 */
		input_event(buttons_dev, EV_KEY, pindesc->key_val, 0);
		input_sync(buttons_dev);
	}
	else
	{
		/* 按下 */
		input_event(buttons_dev, EV_KEY, pindesc->key_val, 1);
		input_sync(buttons_dev);
	}
}

static int buttons_init(void)
{
	int i;
	
	/* 1. 分配一个input_dev结构体 */
	buttons_dev = input_allocate_device();;

	/* 2. 设置 */
	/* 2.1 能产生哪类事件 */
	set_bit(EV_KEY, buttons_dev->evbit);
	set_bit(EV_REP, buttons_dev->evbit);
	
	/* 2.2 能产生这类操作里的哪些事件: L,S,ENTER,LEFTSHIT */
	set_bit(KEY_L, buttons_dev->keybit);
	set_bit(KEY_S, buttons_dev->keybit);
	set_bit(KEY_ENTER, buttons_dev->keybit);
	set_bit(KEY_LEFTSHIFT, buttons_dev->keybit);

	/* 3. 注册 */
	input_register_device(buttons_dev);
	
	/* 4. 硬件相关的操作 */
	init_timer(&buttons_timer);
	buttons_timer.function = buttons_timer_function;
	add_timer(&buttons_timer);
	
	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	{
		request_irq(pins_desc[i].irq, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, pins_desc[i].name, &pins_desc[i]);
	}
	
	return 0;
}

static void buttons_exit(void)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	{
		free_irq(pins_desc[i].irq, &pins_desc[i]);
	}

	del_timer(&buttons_timer);
	input_unregister_device(buttons_dev);
	input_free_device(buttons_dev);	
}

module_init(buttons_init);

module_exit(buttons_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

三、实验结果

• 加载成功,出现event1,这个设备节点

• 读到的数据就是上面那个input_event结构体的内容。