Layer类简介
- 至少有一个输入，输出Blob。
- 部分Layer带有权值和偏置项（如：激活层没有权值项）
- 前向传播对输入Blob处理，得到输出Blob。反向传播对输出的diff进行处理，得到输入的diff
ProtoBuffer描述
打开./caffe/src/caffe/caffe.proto文件，找到LayerParameter，查看对应的数据结构描述如下（根据这个数据结构描述，相当于约定，就可以自动生成对应的.hpp文件）:
// 注意
// 定义了自己的层的话，一定要更新下一个可用ID
// 下一个ID是147，最近更新:recurrent_param
message LayerParameter {
optional string name = 1; // 可选参数，层的名字，string类型，下面类似
optional string type = 2; // 层的类型
repeated string bottom = 3; // 输入Blob对应的名字
repeated string top = 4; // 输出Blob的名字
// Train/Test阶段
optional Phase phase = 10;
// 每一层损失函数的权重，通常为0或者1，0表示不参与损失函数计算，1表示参与
repeated float loss_weight = 5;
// 具体的训练参数（比如相对于全局学习速率的缩放因子，权值衰减因子，这样就可以针对每一层设置不同的学习速率了）以及用于权值共享的名称（只有在需要权值共享的时候才需要名词）和其他设置，ParamSpec类型（这个类型的数据结构描述同样可以在当前文件中看到）
repeated ParamSpec param = 6;
// 该层的数值参数，BlobProto类型
repeated BlobProto blobs = 7;
// 是否需要对Bottom Blob进行反向传播，如果未指定，caffe会自动推断。该字段的维度数目应等于Bottom Blob的个数。即每层Bottom Blob都要指明是否需要反向传播
repeated bool propagate_down = 11;
// 根据当前网络状态规则，确定该层是否包含在网络中，如果没有指定任何规则，则一直被包含在网络中
repeated NetStateRule include = 8;
repeated NetStateRule exclude = 9;
// 数据预处理参数
optional TransformationParameter transform_param = 100;
// 所有损失层共享的参数
optional LossParameter loss_param = 101;
// 不同层类型的参数
// 注意，一些层实现可能有多种计算引擎（比如：caffe实现，以及cudnn实现），这些层包括一个引擎类型和一个引擎参数实现，默认引擎是在编译阶段的makefile里面设置的
optional AccuracyParameter accuracy_param = 102;
optional ArgMaxParameter argmax_param = 103;
optional BatchNormParameter batch_norm_param = 139;
optional BiasParameter bias_param = 141;
optional ConcatParameter concat_param = 104;
optional ContrastiveLossParameter contrastive_loss_param = 105;
optional ConvolutionParameter convolution_param = 106;
optional CropParameter crop_param = 144;
optional DataParameter data_param = 107;
optional DropoutParameter dropout_param = 108;
optional DummyDataParameter dummy_data_param = 109;
optional EltwiseParameter eltwise_param = 110;
optional ELUParameter elu_param = 140;
optional EmbedParameter embed_param = 137;
optional ExpParameter exp_param = 111;
optional FlattenParameter flatten_param = 135;
optional HDF5DataParameter hdf5_data_param = 112;
optional HDF5OutputParameter hdf5_output_param = 113;
optional HingeLossParameter hinge_loss_param = 114;
optional ImageDataParameter image_data_param = 115;
optional InfogainLossParameter infogain_loss_param = 116;
optional InnerProductParameter inner_product_param = 117;
optional InputParameter input_param = 143;
optional LogParameter log_param = 134;
optional LRNParameter lrn_param = 118;
optional MemoryDataParameter memory_data_param = 119;
optional MVNParameter mvn_param = 120;
optional ParameterParameter parameter_param = 145;
optional PoolingParameter pooling_param = 121;
optional PowerParameter power_param = 122;
optional PReLUParameter prelu_param = 131;
optional PythonParameter python_param = 130;
optional RecurrentParameter recurrent_param = 146;
optional ReductionParameter reduction_param = 136;
optional ReLUParameter relu_param = 123;
optional ReshapeParameter reshape_param = 133;
optional ScaleParameter scale_param = 142;
optional SigmoidParameter sigmoid_param = 124;
optional SoftmaxParameter softmax_param = 125;
optional SPPParameter spp_param = 132;
optional SliceParameter slice_param = 126;
optional TanHParameter tanh_param = 127;
optional ThresholdParameter threshold_param = 128;
optional TileParameter tile_param = 138;
optional WindowDataParameter window_data_param = 129;
}
Layer之间的继承关系
在看头文件声明之前，先看一下各个Layer之间的继承关系：
Layer类的派生类
Neuron Layers类继承关系
Vision Layers类继承关系
Common Layers类继承关系
Data Layers类继承关系
Loss Layers类继承关系
头文件声明
找到./include/caffe/layer.hpp文件：
#ifndef CAFFE_LAYER_H_
#define CAFFE_LAYER_H_
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "caffe/blob.hpp"
#include "caffe/common.hpp"
#include "caffe/layer_factory.hpp"
#include "caffe/proto/caffe.pb.h"
#include "caffe/util/math_functions.hpp"
/**
Forward declare boost::thread instead of including boost/thread.hpp
to avoid a boost/NVCC issues (#1009, #1010) on OSX.
*/
namespace boost { class mutex; }
namespace caffe {
/**
* @brief An interface for the units of computation which can be composed into a
* Net.
*
* Layer%s must implement a Forward function, in which they take their input
* (bottom) Blob%s (if any) and compute their output Blob%s (if any).
* They may also implement a Backward function, in which they compute the error
* gradients with respect to their input Blob%s, given the error gradients with
* their output Blob%s.
*/
template <typename Dtype>
class Layer {
public:
/**
* You should not implement your own constructor. Any set up code should go
* to SetUp(), where the dimensions of the bottom blobs are provided to the
* layer.
*/
explicit Layer(const LayerParameter& param)
: layer_param_(param), is_shared_(false) {
// Set phase and copy blobs (if there are any).
phase_ = param.phase();
if (layer_param_.blobs_size() > 0) {
blobs_.resize(layer_param_.blobs_size());
for (int i = 0; i < layer_param_.blobs_size(); ++i) {
blobs_[i].reset(new Blob<Dtype>());
blobs_[i]->FromProto(layer_param_.blobs(i));
}
}
}
virtual ~Layer() {}
/**
* @brief Implements common layer setup functionality.
*
* @param bottom the preshaped input blobs
* @param top
* the allocated but unshaped output blobs, to be shaped by Reshape
*
* Checks that the number of bottom and top blobs is correct.
* Calls LayerSetUp to do special layer setup for individual layer types,
* followed by Reshape to set up sizes of top blobs and internal buffers.
* Sets up the loss weight multiplier blobs for any non-zero loss weights.
* This method may not be overridden.
*/
void SetUp(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) {
InitMutex();
CheckBlobCounts(bottom, top);
LayerSetUp(bottom, top);
Reshape(bottom, top);
SetLossWeights(top);
}
/**
* @brief Does layer-specific setup: your layer should implement this function
* as well as Reshape.
*
* @param bottom
* the preshaped input blobs, whose data fields store the input data for
* this layer
* @param top
* the allocated but unshaped output blobs
*
* This method should do one-time layer specific setup. This includes reading
* and processing relevent parameters from the <code>layer_param_</code>.
* Setting up the shapes of top blobs and internal buffers should be done in
* <code>Reshape</code>, which will be called before the forward pass to
* adjust the top blob sizes.
*/
virtual void LayerSetUp(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) {}
/**
* @brief Whether a layer should be shared by multiple nets during data
* parallelism. By default, all layers except for data layers should
* not be shared. data layers should be shared to ensure each worker
* solver access data sequentially during data parallelism.
*/
virtual inline bool ShareInParallel() const { return false; }
/** @brief Return whether this layer is actually shared by other nets.
* If ShareInParallel() is true and using more than one GPU and the
* net has TRAIN phase, then this function is expected return true.
*/
inline bool IsShared() const { return is_shared_; }
/** @brief Set whether this layer is actually shared by other nets
* If ShareInParallel() is true and using more than one GPU and the
* net has TRAIN phase, then is_shared should be set true.
*/
inline void SetShared(bool is_shared) {
CHECK(ShareInParallel() || !is_shared)
<< type() << "Layer does not support sharing.";
is_shared_ = is_shared;
}
/**
* @brief Adjust the shapes of top blobs and internal buffers to accommodate
* the shapes of the bottom blobs.
*
* @param bottom the input blobs, with the requested input shapes
* @param top the top blobs, which should be reshaped as needed
*
* This method should reshape top blobs as needed according to the shapes
* of the bottom (input) blobs, as well as reshaping any internal buffers
* and making any other necessary adjustments so that the layer can
* accommodate the bottom blobs.
*/
virtual void Reshape(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) = 0;
/**
* @brief Given the bottom blobs, compute the top blobs and the loss.
*
* @param bottom
* the input blobs, whose data fields store the input data for this layer
* @param top
* the preshaped output blobs, whose data fields will store this layers'
* outputs
* \return The total loss from the layer.
*
* The Forward wrapper calls the relevant device wrapper function
* (Forward_cpu or Forward_gpu) to compute the top blob values given the
* bottom blobs. If the layer has any non-zero loss_weights, the wrapper
* then computes and returns the loss.
*
* Your layer should implement Forward_cpu and (optionally) Forward_gpu.
*/
inline Dtype Forward(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top);
/**
* @brief Given the top blob error gradients, compute the bottom blob error
* gradients.
*
* @param top
* the output blobs, whose diff fields store the gradient of the error
* with respect to themselves
* @param propagate_down
* a vector with equal length to bottom, with each index indicating
* whether to propagate the error gradients down to the bottom blob at
* the corresponding index
* @param bottom
* the input blobs, whose diff fields will store the gradient of the error
* with respect to themselves after Backward is run
*
* The Backward wrapper calls the relevant device wrapper function
* (Backward_cpu or Backward_gpu) to compute the bottom blob diffs given the
* top blob diffs.
*
* Your layer should implement Backward_cpu and (optionally) Backward_gpu.
*/
inline void Backward(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top,
const vector<bool>& propagate_down,
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom);
/**
* @brief Returns the vector of learnable parameter blobs.
*/
vector<shared_ptr<Blob<Dtype> > >& blobs() {
return blobs_;
}
/**
* @brief Returns the layer parameter.
*/
const LayerParameter& layer_param() const { return layer_param_; }
/**
* @brief Writes the layer parameter to a protocol buffer
*/
virtual void ToProto(LayerParameter* param, bool write_diff = false);
/**
* @brief Returns the scalar loss associated with a top blob at a given index.
*/
inline Dtype loss(const int top_index) const {
return (loss_.size() > top_index) ? loss_[top_index] : Dtype(0);
}
/**
* @brief Sets the loss associated with a top blob at a given index.
*/
inline void set_loss(const int top_index, const Dtype value) {
if (loss_.size() <= top_index) {
loss_.resize(top_index + 1, Dtype(0));
}
loss_[top_index] = value;
}
/**
* @brief Returns the layer type.
*/
virtual inline const char* type() const { return ""; }
/**
* @brief Returns the exact number of bottom blobs required by the layer,
* or -1 if no exact number is required.
*
* This method should be overridden to return a non-negative value if your
* layer expects some exact number of bottom blobs.
*/
virtual inline int ExactNumBottomBlobs() const { return -1; }
/**
* @brief Returns the minimum number of bottom blobs required by the layer,
* or -1 if no minimum number is required.
*
* This method should be overridden to return a non-negative value if your
* layer expects some minimum number of bottom blobs.
*/
virtual inline int MinBottomBlobs() const { return -1; }
/**
* @brief Returns the maximum number of bottom blobs required by the layer,
* or -1 if no maximum number is required.
*
* This method should be overridden to return a non-negative value if your
* layer expects some maximum number of bottom blobs.
*/
virtual inline int MaxBottomBlobs() const { return -1; }
/**
* @brief Returns the exact number of top blobs required by the layer,
* or -1 if no exact number is required.
*
* This method should be overridden to return a non-negative value if your
* layer expects some exact number of top blobs.
*/
virtual inline int ExactNumTopBlobs() const { return -1; }
/**
* @brief Returns the minimum number of top blobs required by the layer,
* or -1 if no minimum number is required.
*
* This method should be overridden to return a non-negative value if your
* layer expects some minimum number of top blobs.
*/
virtual inline int MinTopBlobs() const { return -1; }
/**
* @brief Returns the maximum number of top blobs required by the layer,
* or -1 if no maximum number is required.
*
* This method should be overridden to return a non-negative value if your
* layer expects some maximum number of top blobs.
*/
virtual inline int MaxTopBlobs() const { return -1; }
/**
* @brief Returns true if the layer requires an equal number of bottom and
* top blobs.
*
* This method should be overridden to return true if your layer expects an
* equal number of bottom and top blobs.
*/
virtual inline bool EqualNumBottomTopBlobs() const { return false; }
/**
* @brief Return whether "anonymous" top blobs are created automatically
* by the layer.
*
* If this method returns true, Net::Init will create enough "anonymous" top
* blobs to fulfill the requirement specified by ExactNumTopBlobs() or
* MinTopBlobs().
*/
virtual inline bool AutoTopBlobs() const { return false; }
/**
* @brief Return whether to allow force_backward for a given bottom blob
* index.
*
* If AllowForceBackward(i) == false, we will ignore the force_backward
* setting and backpropagate to blob i only if it needs gradient information
* (as is done when force_backward == false).
*/
virtual inline bool AllowForceBackward(const int bottom_index) const {
return true;
}
/**
* @brief Specifies whether the layer should compute gradients w.r.t. a
* parameter at a particular index given by param_id.
*
* You can safely ignore false values and always compute gradients
* for all parameters, but possibly with wasteful computation.
*/
inline bool param_propagate_down(const int param_id) {
return (param_propagate_down_.size() > param_id) ?
param_propagate_down_[param_id] : false;
}
/**
* @brief Sets whether the layer should compute gradients w.r.t. a
* parameter at a particular index given by param_id.
*/
inline void set_param_propagate_down(const int param_id, const bool value) {
if (param_propagate_down_.size() <= param_id) {
param_propagate_down_.resize(param_id + 1, true);
}
param_propagate_down_[param_id] = value;
}
protected:
/** The protobuf that stores the layer parameters */
LayerParameter layer_param_;
/** The phase: TRAIN or TEST */
Phase phase_;
/** The vector that stores the learnable parameters as a set of blobs. */
vector<shared_ptr<Blob<Dtype> > > blobs_;
/** Vector indicating whether to compute the diff of each param blob. */
vector<bool> param_propagate_down_;
/** The vector that indicates whether each top blob has a non-zero weight in
* the objective function. */
vector<Dtype> loss_;
/** @brief Using the CPU device, compute the layer output. */
virtual void Forward_cpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) = 0;
/**
* @brief Using the GPU device, compute the layer output.
* Fall back to Forward_cpu() if unavailable.
*/
virtual void Forward_gpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) {
// LOG(WARNING) << "Using CPU code as backup.";
return Forward_cpu(bottom, top);
}
/**
* @brief Using the CPU device, compute the gradients for any parameters and
* for the bottom blobs if propagate_down is true.
*/
virtual void Backward_cpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top,
const vector<bool>& propagate_down,
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom) = 0;
/**
* @brief Using the GPU device, compute the gradients for any parameters and
* for the bottom blobs if propagate_down is true.
* Fall back to Backward_cpu() if unavailable.
*/
virtual void Backward_gpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top,
const vector<bool>& propagate_down,
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom) {
// LOG(WARNING) << "Using CPU code as backup.";
Backward_cpu(top, propagate_down, bottom);
}
/**
* Called by the parent Layer's SetUp to check that the number of bottom
* and top Blobs provided as input match the expected numbers specified by
* the {ExactNum,Min,Max}{Bottom,Top}Blobs() functions.
*/
virtual void CheckBlobCounts(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) {
if (ExactNumBottomBlobs() >= 0) {
CHECK_EQ(ExactNumBottomBlobs(), bottom.size())
<< type() << " Layer takes " << ExactNumBottomBlobs()
<< " bottom blob(s) as input.";
}
if (MinBottomBlobs() >= 0) {
CHECK_LE(MinBottomBlobs(), bottom.size())
<< type() << " Layer takes at least " << MinBottomBlobs()
<< " bottom blob(s) as input.";
}
if (MaxBottomBlobs() >= 0) {
CHECK_GE(MaxBottomBlobs(), bottom.size())
<< type() << " Layer takes at most " << MaxBottomBlobs()
<< " bottom blob(s) as input.";
}
if (ExactNumTopBlobs() >= 0) {
CHECK_EQ(ExactNumTopBlobs(), top.size())
<< type() << " Layer produces " << ExactNumTopBlobs()
<< " top blob(s) as output.";
}
if (MinTopBlobs() >= 0) {
CHECK_LE(MinTopBlobs(), top.size())
<< type() << " Layer produces at least " << MinTopBlobs()
<< " top blob(s) as output.";
}
if (MaxTopBlobs() >= 0) {
CHECK_GE(MaxTopBlobs(), top.size())
<< type() << " Layer produces at most " << MaxTopBlobs()
<< " top blob(s) as output.";
}
if (EqualNumBottomTopBlobs()) {
CHECK_EQ(bottom.size(), top.size())
<< type() << " Layer produces one top blob as output for each "
<< "bottom blob input.";
}
}
/**
* Called by SetUp to initialize the weights associated with any top blobs in
* the loss function. Store non-zero loss weights in the diff blob.
*/
inline void SetLossWeights(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) {
const int num_loss_weights = layer_param_.loss_weight_size();
if (num_loss_weights) {
CHECK_EQ(top.size(), num_loss_weights) << "loss_weight must be "
"unspecified or specified once per top blob.";
for (int top_id = 0; top_id < top.size(); ++top_id) {
const Dtype loss_weight = layer_param_.loss_weight(top_id);
if (loss_weight == Dtype(0)) { continue; }
this->set_loss(top_id, loss_weight);
const int count = top[top_id]->count();
Dtype* loss_multiplier = top[top_id]->mutable_cpu_diff();
caffe_set(count, loss_weight, loss_multiplier);
}
}
}
private:
/** Whether this layer is actually shared by other nets*/
bool is_shared_;
/** The mutex for sequential forward if this layer is shared */
shared_ptr<boost::mutex> forward_mutex_;
/** Initialize forward_mutex_ */
void InitMutex();
/** Lock forward_mutex_ if this layer is shared */
void Lock();
/** Unlock forward_mutex_ if this layer is shared */
void Unlock();
DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Layer);
}; // class Layer
// Forward and backward wrappers. You should implement the cpu and
// gpu specific implementations instead, and should not change these
// functions.
template <typename Dtype>
inline Dtype Layer<Dtype>::Forward(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) {
// Lock during forward to ensure sequential forward
Lock();
Dtype loss = 0;
Reshape(bottom, top);
switch (Caffe::mode()) {
case Caffe::CPU:
Forward_cpu(bottom, top);
for (int top_id = 0; top_id < top.size(); ++top_id) {
if (!this->loss(top_id)) { continue; }
const int count = top[top_id]->count();
const Dtype* data = top[top_id]->cpu_data();
const Dtype* loss_weights = top[top_id]->cpu_diff();
loss += caffe_cpu_dot(count, data, loss_weights);
}
break;
case Caffe::GPU:
Forward_gpu(bottom, top);
#ifndef CPU_ONLY
for (int top_id = 0; top_id < top.size(); ++top_id) {
if (!this->loss(top_id)) { continue; }
const int count = top[top_id]->count();
const Dtype* data = top[top_id]->gpu_data();
const Dtype* loss_weights = top[top_id]->gpu_diff();
Dtype blob_loss = 0;
caffe_gpu_dot(count, data, loss_weights, &blob_loss);
loss += blob_loss;
}
#endif
break;
default:
LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown caffe mode.";
}
Unlock();
return loss;
}
template <typename Dtype>
inline void Layer<Dtype>::Backward(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top,
const vector<bool>& propagate_down,
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom) {
switch (Caffe::mode()) {
case Caffe::CPU:
Backward_cpu(top, propagate_down, bottom);
break;
case Caffe::GPU:
Backward_gpu(top, propagate_down, bottom);
break;
default:
LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown caffe mode.";
}
}
// Serialize LayerParameter to protocol buffer
template <typename Dtype>
void Layer<Dtype>::ToProto(LayerParameter* param, bool write_diff) {
param->Clear();
param->CopyFrom(layer_param_);
param->clear_blobs();
for (int i = 0; i < blobs_.size(); ++i) {
blobs_[i]->ToProto(param->add_blobs(), write_diff);
}
}
} // namespace caffe
#endif // CAFFE_LAYER_H_
参考资料：
- 《21天实战Caffe》
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