XNA4.0中effect的使用变化以及spriteBatch begin的变化

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xuehuic/article/details/5866762

Where in previous XNA versions you used to write:

    effect.Begin();
    effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Begin();

    DrawStuff();

    effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].End();
    effect.End();

With Game Studio 4.0 this becomes just:

    effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply();

    DrawStuff();

What in previous versions would be:

    effect.Begin();
    effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Begin();

    DrawStuff();

    effect.Parameters["lives"].SetValue(9);
    effect.CommitChanges();

    DrawOtherStuff();

    effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].End();
    effect.End();

Is now:

    effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply();

    DrawStuff();

    effect.Parameters["lives"].SetValue(9);
    effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply();

    DrawOtherStuff();

shader model最低要求变为了2.0.

Finally, we upgraded to a more recent version of the Windows HLSL compiler, which means that:


   
   You can use newer HLSL features such as loop control attributes.  
Shader model 1.x is no longer supported. Game Studio 4.0 requires at least shader model 2.0.

下面是spritebatch的begin方法变化。

SpriteBatch.Begin ()	Begins a sprite batch operation using deferred sort and default state objects (BlendState.AlphaBlend, SamplerState.LinearClamp, DepthStencilState.None, RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise).
SpriteBatch.Begin (SpriteSortMode, BlendState)	Begins a sprite batch operation using the specified sort and blend state object and default state objects (DepthStencilState.None, SamplerState.LinearClamp, RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise). If you pass a null blend state, the default is BlendState.AlphaBlend.
SpriteBatch.Begin (SpriteSortMode, BlendState, SamplerState, DepthStencilState, RasterizerState)	Begins a sprite batch operation using the specified sort, blend, sampler, depth stencil and rasterizer state objects. Passing null for any of the state objects selects the default default state objects (BlendState.AlphaBlend, SamplerState.LinearClamp, DepthStencilState.None, RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise).
SpriteBatch.Begin (SpriteSortMode, BlendState, SamplerState, DepthStencilState, RasterizerState, Effect)	Begins a sprite batch operation using the specified sort, blend, sampler, depth stencil and rasterizer state objects, plus a custom effect. Passing null for any of the state objects selects the default default state objects (BlendState.AlphaBlend, DepthStencilState.None, RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise, SamplerState.LinearClamp). Passing a null effect selects the default SpriteBatch Class shader.
SpriteBatch.Begin (SpriteSortMode, BlendState, SamplerState, DepthStencilState, RasterizerState, Effect, Matrix)	Begins a sprite batch operation using the specified sort, blend, sampler, depth stencil, rasterizer state objects, plus a custom effect and a 2D transformation matrix. Passing null for any of the state objects selects the default default state objects (BlendState.AlphaBlend, DepthStencilState.None, RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise, SamplerState.LinearClamp). Passing a null effect selects the default SpriteBatch Class shader.

以下转自http://www.cnblogs.com/Baesky/archive/2011/02/01/1948789.html

XNA 3.1 转为 XNA4.0 的例子： 

SpriteBlendMode， SaveStateMode

// XNA 3.1
sprite.Begin(SpriteBlendMode.AlphaBlend, SpriteSortMode.Deferred, SaveStateMode.SaveState);
// XNA 4.0
sprite.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Deferred, BlendState.AlphaBlend);

// XNA 3.1
// 通过深度排列场景对象 spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteBlendMode.AlphaBlend, SpriteSortMode.BackToFront, SaveStateMode.None);
// XNA 4.0
// 通过深度排列场景对象spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.BackToFront, BlendState.AlphaBlend);

// XNA 3.1
sprite.Begin(SpriteBlendMode.None, SpriteSortMode.Immediate, SaveStateMode.SaveState);
// XNA 4.0
sprite.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.Opaque);

// XNA 3.1
// 画背景图spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteBlendMode.None);
Viewport viewport = GraphicsDevice.Viewport;
spriteBatch.Draw(background, new Rectangle(0, 0, viewport.Width, viewport.Height), Color.White);
spriteBatch.End();
// XNA 4.0
// 画背景图spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque);
spriteBatch.Draw(background, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds, Color.White);
spriteBatch.End(); 

RenderState

// XNA 3.1
// 启用alpha混合和深度写 GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaBlendEnable = true;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.SourceBlend = Blend.SourceAlpha;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DestinationBlend = Blend.InverseSourceAlpha;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.SeparateAlphaBlendEnabled = true;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaBlendOperation = BlendFunction.Add;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaSourceBlend = Blend.One;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaDestinationBlend = Blend.One;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferWriteEnable = false;
// XNA 4.0
// 启用alpha混合和深度写GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend;
GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.DepthRead;

// XNA 3.1
// 重置混合和深度写 GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaBlendEnable = false;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.SeparateAlphaBlendEnabled = false;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferWriteEnable = true;
// XNA 4.0
// 重置混合和深度写GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Additive;
GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default;

// XNA 3.1
// 启用深度缓冲GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferEnable = true;
// XNA 4.0
// 启用深度缓冲GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default;

// XNA 3.1
// 禁用深度缓冲GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferWriteEnable = false;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferEnable = false;
// XNA 4.0
// 禁用深度缓冲GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.None;

// XNA 3.1
// 累加混合(zero on alpha)
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferWriteEnable = false;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaBlendEnable = true;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.SourceBlend = Blend.One;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DestinationBlend = Blend.One;
// XNA 4.0
// 累加混合(zero on alpha)
GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.DepthRead;
GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend;

// XNA 3.1
// 恢复混合模式 GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferWriteEnable = true;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaBlendEnable = false;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.SeparateAlphaBlendEnabled = false;
// XNA 4.0
// 恢复混合模式GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque;
GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default;

// XNA 3.1
// 设置alpha混合，无深度测试和深度写GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferEnable = false;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferWriteEnable = false;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaBlendEnable = true;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.SourceBlend = Blend.SourceAlpha;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DestinationBlend = Blend.InverseSourceAlpha;
// XNA 4.0
// 设置alpha混合，无深度测试和深度写GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.None;
GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend;

// XNA 3.1
// 绘制3D模型时设置合适渲染模式GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaBlendEnable = false;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaTestEnable = false;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferEnable = true;
// XNA 4.0
// 绘制3D模型时设置合适渲染模式GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque;
GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default;

// XNA 3.1
// 加性混合GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaBlendEnable = true;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.SourceBlend = Blend.One;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DestinationBlend = Blend.One;
// XNA 4.0
// 加性混合GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Additive;

// XNA 3.1
// 设置加性混合GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DestinationBlend = Blend.One;
// XNA 4.0
// 设置加性混合GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Additive;

// XNA 3.1
// 设置alpha混合GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DestinationBlend = Blend.InverseSourceAlpha;
// XNA 4.0
// 设置alpha混合GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend;

// XNA 3.1
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.CullMode = CullMode.CullCounterClockwiseFace;
// XNA 4.0
 GraphicsDevice.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise;

// XNA 3.1
// 设置渲染状态GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferEnable = false;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferWriteEnable = false;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaBlendEnable = true;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.SourceBlend = Blend.One;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DestinationBlend = Blend.One;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.SeparateAlphaBlendEnabled = true;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaBlendOperation = BlendFunction.Add;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaDestinationBlend = Blend.Zero;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaSourceBlend = Blend.Zero;
 
      // drawing code here..
 
// 恢复状态GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferEnable = true;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferWriteEnable = true;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.AlphaBlendEnable = false;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.SeparateAlphaBlendEnabled = false;
// XNA 4.0
//存储状态DepthStencilState ds = GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState;
BlendState bs = GraphicsDevice.BlendState;
 
//设置渲染状态GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.DepthRead;
GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend;
 
       // drawing code here..
 
// 恢复状态GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = ds;
GraphicsDevice.BlendState = bs; 

Effect, EffectPass, Begin(), End(), CommitChanges(), Clone()

 

// 应用效果 XNA 3.1
blurEffect.CommitChanges();
blurEffect.Begin(SaveStateMode.SaveState);
blurEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Begin();
GraphicsDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 2);
blurEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].End();
blurEffect.End();
// 应用效果 XNA 4.0
blurEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply();
GraphicsDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 2);

// XNA 3.1
// 提交效果改变effect.CommitChanges();
// XNA 4.0
//  当任何效果属性改变需要调用EffectPass.Apply()// 否则就删除它// XNA 3.1
// 开始一个效果effect.Begin(SaveStateMode.SaveState);
effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Begin();
// XNA 4.0
// 开始一个效果effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply();

// XNA 3.1
// 结束一个效果effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].End();
effect.End();
// XNA 4.0
// 如果不需要可直接删除// XNA 3.1
// 产生一个效果的克隆体Effect newEffect = replacementEffect.Clone(replacementEffect.GraphicsDevice);
// XNA 4.0
// 产生一个效果的克隆体Effect newEffect = replacementEffect.Clone();

// XNA 3.1
// 启用效果中的techpostprocessEffect.CurrentTechnique = postprocessEffect.Techniques[effectTechniqueName];     
 
// 用预处理效果画一个全屏的精灵.
spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteBlendMode.None,SpriteSortMode.Immediate, SaveStateMode.None);
 
postprocessEffect.Begin();
postprocessEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Begin();
 
spriteBatch.Draw(sceneRenderTarget.GetTexture(), Vector2.Zero, Color.White);
spriteBatch.End();
 
postprocessEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].End();
postprocessEffect.End();
// XNA 4.0
// 启用效果中的techpostprocessEffect.CurrentTechnique = postprocessEffect.Techniques[effectTechniqueName];
 
// 用预处理效果画一个全屏的精灵. spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null, postprocessEffect);
spriteBatch.Draw(sceneRenderTarget, Vector2.Zero, Color.White);
spriteBatch.End(); 

ShaderProfile, TotalRealTime, TransparentBlack

// XNA 3.1
graphics.MinimumPixelShaderProfile = ShaderProfile.PS_3_0; //any PS number...
graphics.MinimumVertexShaderProfile = ShaderProfile.VS_3_0;//any VS number...
// XNA 4.0
// 不再需要该语句// XNA 3.1
float myTime = (float)gameTime.TotalRealTime.TotalSeconds * 0.2f;
// XNA 4.0
float myTime = (float)gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds * 0.2f;

// XNA 3.1
GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.TransparentBlack);
// XNA 4.0
GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); 

ResolveTexture2D, ResolveBackBuffer, RenderTarget2D, GetTexture, DepthStencilBuffer, PresentationParameters, MultiSampleType, MultiSampleQuality, SetRenderTarget

// XNA 3.1
ResolveTexture2D sceneMap;
// XNA 4.0
RenderTarget2D sceneMap;

// XNA 3.1
// 查询主缓冲的分辨率和格式.
PresentationParameters pp = GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters;
 
// 从缓冲读取一个材质数据.
sceneMap = new ResolveTexture2D(GraphicsDevice, pp.BackBufferWidth, pp.BackBufferHeight, 1, pp.BackBufferFormat);
// XNA 4.0
// 查询主缓冲的分辨率和格式.
PresentationParameters pp = GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters;
 
// 从缓冲读取一个材质数据.
sceneMap = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, pp.BackBufferWidth, pp.BackBufferHeight, false, pp.BackBufferFormat,
                                pp.DepthStencilFormat);
//or 
 
sceneMap = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, pp.BackBufferWidth, pp.BackBufferHeight, false, pp.BackBufferFormat,
                                pp.DepthStencilFormat, pp.MultiSampleCount, RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents);

// XNA 3.1
GraphicsDevice.ResolveBackBuffer(sceneMap);
// XNA 4.0
GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(sceneMap);

// XNA 3.1
int width = GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width;
int height = GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height;
 
// 创建渲染对象myRenderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, width, height, 1, SurfaceFormat.Color);
// XNA 4.0
int width = GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width;
int height = GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height;
 
// 创建渲染对象myRenderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, width, height, true, SurfaceFormat.Color, DepthFormat.Depth24);

// XNA 3.1
PresentationParameters pp = GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters;
 
// 创建自动以渲染对象sceneRenderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, pp.BackBufferWidth, pp.BackBufferHeight, 1,
                                   pp.BackBufferFormat, pp.MultiSampleType, pp.MultiSampleQuality);
// XNA 4.0
PresentationParameters pp = GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters;
 
// 创建自动以渲染对象sceneRenderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, pp.BackBufferWidth, pp.BackBufferHeight, false,
                                   pp.BackBufferFormat, pp.DepthStencilFormat, pp.MultiSampleCount,
                                   RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents);

// XNA 3.1
PresentationParameters pp = GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters;
 
// 配置一个深度缓冲drawBuffer = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, pp.BackBufferWidth, pp.BackBufferHeight, 1,
                                SurfaceFormat.Color, pp.MultiSampleType, pp.MultiSampleQuality);
 
drawDepthBuffer = new DepthStencilBuffer(GraphicsDevice, pp.AutoDepthStencilFormat,
                                            pp.MultiSampleType, pp.MultiSampleQuality);
// XNA 4.0
PresentationParameters pp = GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters;
 
// 配置一个深度缓冲drawBuffer = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, pp.BackBufferWidth, pp.BackBufferHeight, true,
                                SurfaceFormat.Color,DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8,
                                pp.MultiSampleCount, RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents);
//NOTE:  DepthStencilBuffer 类不再存在// XNA 3.1
spriteBatch.Draw(myRenderTarget.GetTexture(), Vector2.Zero, Color.White);
// XNA 4.0
spriteBatch.Draw(myRenderTarget, Vector2.Zero, Color.White); // NOTE: ".GetTexure()"  不再需要// XNA 3.1
Texture2D myTexture = myRenderTarget.GetTexture();
// XNA 4.0
Texture2D myTexture = myRenderTarget; // NOTE: ".GetTexure()"  No longer needed

// XNA 3.1
GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(0, myRenderTarget);
// XNA 4.0
GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(myRenderTarget);

// XNA 3.1
// 设置两个渲染目标GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(0, colorRT);
GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(1, depthRT);
// XNA 4.0
// 设置两个渲染目标GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTargets(colorRT, depthRT);

// XNA 3.1
GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(0, null);
// XNA 4.0
GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null);

// XNA 3.1
// 将深度缓冲解析为深度图GraphicsDevice.ResolveBackBuffer(depthMap);
 
// 绘制场景图, 用深度图模糊它GraphicsDevice.Textures[1] = depthMap;
Viewport viewport = GraphicsDevice.Viewport;
dofEffect.CurrentTechnique = depthBlurTechnique;
DrawFullscreenQuad(sceneMap, viewport.Width, viewport.Height, dofEffect);
// XNA 4.0
// 将深度缓冲解析为深度图GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null);
 
// 绘制场景图, 用深度图模糊它GraphicsDevice.Textures[1] = depthMap;
GraphicsDevice.SamplerStates[1] = SamplerState.PointClamp;
Viewport viewport = GraphicsDevice.Viewport;
dofEffect.CurrentTechnique = depthBlurTechnique;
DrawFullscreenQuad(sceneMap, viewport.Width, viewport.Height, dofEffect);

// XNA 3.1
ResolveTexture2D resolveTarget;
RenderTarget2D renderTarget1;
RenderTarget2D renderTarget2;
 
// 查找主缓冲的分辨率和格式.
PresentationParameters pp = GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters;
 
int width = pp.BackBufferWidth;
int height = pp.BackBufferHeight;
SurfaceFormat format = pp.BackBufferFormat;
 
// 创建一个材质读取缓冲中的内容.
resolveTarget = new ResolveTexture2D(GraphicsDevice, width, height, 1, format);
 
// Create two rendertargets half size for the bloom processing.
width /= 2;
height /= 2;
 
renderTarget1 = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, width, height, 1,format);
renderTarget2 = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, width, height, 1,format);
 
// ... In the Draw Method...
 GraphicsDevice.ResolveBackBuffer(resolveTarget);
 // ...apply effect and draw pass 1...
// XNA 4.0
RenderTarget2D sceneRenderTarget;
RenderTarget2D renderTarget1;
RenderTarget2D renderTarget2;
 
// 查找主缓冲的分辨率和格式. .
PresentationParameters pp = GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters;
 
int width = pp.BackBufferWidth;
int height = pp.BackBufferHeight;
SurfaceFormat format = pp.BackBufferFormat;
 
// Create a texture for rendering the main scene, prior to applying bloom.
sceneRenderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, width, height, false,
                                       format, pp.DepthStencilFormat, pp.MultiSampleCount,
                                       RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents);
 
// Create two rendertargets half size for the bloom processing.
width /= 2;
height /= 2;
 
renderTarget1 = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, width, height, false, format, DepthFormat.None);
renderTarget2 = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, width, height, false, format, DepthFormat.None);
 
// ...In the Draw Method...
GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(sceneRenderTarget);
GraphicsDevice.SamplerStates[1] = SamplerState.LinearClamp;
// ...apply effect and draw pass 1.... 

VertexDeclaration, Vertices, VertexElements, SizeInBytes

// XNA 3.1
// Vertex declaration for rendering our 3D model.
 GraphicsDevice.VertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration(VertexPositionTexture.VertexElements);
// XNA 4.0
// Delete it. No longer needed.

// XNA 3.1
// set vertex buffer and declaration
GraphicsDevice.VertexDeclaration = vertexDeclaration;
GraphicsDevice.Vertices[0].SetSource(vertexBuffer, 0, VertexPositionTexture.SizeInBytes);
// XNA 4.0
// set vertex buffer and declaration
GraphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer);

// XNA 3.1
// create vertex declaration
vertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration(GraphicsDevice, VertexPositionTexture.VertexElements);
// XNA 4.0
// create vertex declaration
vertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration(VertexPositionTexture.VertexDeclaration.GetVertexElements());

// XNA 3.1
// reset vertex buffer declaration
GraphicsDevice.VertexDeclaration = null;
GraphicsDevice.Vertices[0].SetSource(null, 0, 0);
// XNA 4.0
// reset vertex buffer declaration
GraphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(null);

// XNA 3.1
// the vertices array
VertexPositionNormalTexture[] vertices = new VertexPositionNormalTexture[100];
 
 // set new particles to vertex buffer
vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionNormalTexture>(VertexPositionNormalTexture.SizeInBytes * vertexCount,
                    vertices,vertexCount,count,VertexPositionNormalTexture.SizeInBytes);
// XNA 4.0
// the vertices array
VertexPositionNormalTexture[] vertices = new VertexPositionNormalTexture[100];
 
// set new particles to vertex buffer
vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionNormalTexture>(vertices); VertexBuffer, StreamOffset, VertexStride, IndexBuffer, BaseVertex// XNA 3.1
// for each mesh part
foreach (ModelMeshPart meshPart in mesh.MeshParts)
{
    // if primitives to render
    if (meshPart.PrimitiveCount > 0)
    {
        // setup vertices and indices
        GraphicsDevice.VertexDeclaration = meshPart.VertexDeclaration;
        GraphicsDevice.Vertices[0].SetSource(mesh.VertexBuffer, meshPart.StreamOffset, meshPart.VertexStride);
        GraphicsDevice.Indices = mesh.IndexBuffer;
        ...
// XNA 4.0
GraphicsDevice.SamplerStates[0] = SamplerState.LinearWrap; // may be needed in some cases...
 
// for each mesh part
foreach (ModelMeshPart meshPart in mesh.MeshParts)
{
    // if primitives to render
    if (meshPart.PrimitiveCount > 0)
    {
        // setup vertices and indices
        GraphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(meshPart.VertexBuffer);
        GraphicsDevice.Indices = meshPart.IndexBuffer;
        ...

// XNA 3.1
// draw primitives
GraphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList,
    meshPart.BaseVertex, 0, meshPart.NumVertices,
    meshPart.StartIndex, meshPart.PrimitiveCount);
// XNA 4.0
// draw primitives
GraphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList,
    meshPart.VertexOffset, 0, meshPart.NumVertices,
    meshPart.StartIndex, meshPart.PrimitiveCount); 

Points, PointSpriteEnable, PointSizeMax, PointList

// XNA 3.1
 // create the vertex buffer
vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(GraphicsDevice, typeof(VertexPositionNormalTexture),
                                250, BufferUsage.WriteOnly | BufferUsage.Points);
// XNA 4.0
// create the vertex buffer
vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(GraphicsDevice, typeof(VertexPositionNormalTexture),
                                250, BufferUsage.WriteOnly | BufferUsage.None);

// XNA 3.1
// enable point sprite 3.1
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.PointSpriteEnable = true;
GraphicsDevice.RenderState.PointSizeMax = 128;
// XNA 4.0
// Delete it. No longer available.

// XNA 3.1
// draw the point sprites
GraphicsDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.PointList, vertexPosition, numberVertices);
// XNA 4.0
// draw the point sprites
GraphicsDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.LineList, vertexPosition, numberVertices); 

OpenContainer, BeginShowStorageDeviceSelector, EndShowStorageDeviceSelector, Path, TitleLocation, FileStream

// XNA 3.1
// open the container
StorageContainer storageContainer = storageDevice.OpenContainer("YourGameName");
// XNA 4.0
//To make life easier simply create a method to replace the storageDevice.OpenContainer... 
 
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously opens storage container
/// </summary>
private static StorageContainer OpenContainer(StorageDevice storageDevice, string saveGameName)
{
    IAsyncResult result = storageDevice.BeginOpenContainer(saveGameName, null, null);
 
    // Wait for the WaitHandle to become signaled.
    result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne();
 
    StorageContainer container = storageDevice.EndOpenContainer(result);
 
    // Close the wait handle.
    result.AsyncWaitHandle.Close();
 
    return container;
}
 
// open the container
StorageContainer storageContainer = OpenContainer(storageDevice, "YourGameName");

// XNA 3.1
// retrieve the storage device
Guide.BeginShowStorageDeviceSelector(GetStorageDeviceResult, retrievalDelegate);
// XNA 4.0
// retrieve the storage device
if (!Guide.IsVisible)
{
    StorageDevice.BeginShowSelector(GetStorageDeviceResult, retrievalDelegate);
}

// XNA 3.1
 // retrieve and store the storage device
 storageDevice = Guide.EndShowStorageDeviceSelector(result);
// XNA 4.0
// retrieve and store the storage device
 storageDevice = StorageDevice.EndShowSelector(result);

// XNA 3.1
// get the level setup files
 string[] filenames = Directory.GetFiles(storageContainer.Path, "LevelSetup*.xml");
// XNA 4.0
// get the level setup files
string[] filenames = storageContainer.GetFileNames("LevelSetup*.xml"");

// XNA 3.1
// save game level data
using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(Path.Combine(storageContainer.Path, levelFilename), FileMode.Create))
{
    new XmlSerializer(typeof(SaveGameLevel)).Serialize(stream, levelData);
}
// XNA 4.0
// save game level data
using (Stream stream = storageContainer.OpenFile(levelFilename, FileMode.Create))
{
    new XmlSerializer(typeof(SaveGameLevel)).Serialize(stream, levelData);
}

// XNA 3.1
// Delete the saved game level data.
using (StorageContainer storageContainer = storageDevice.OpenContainer("saveGameName"))
{
    File.Delete(Path.Combine(storageContainer.Path, saveGameLevel.FileName));
 
    File.Delete(Path.Combine(storageContainer.Path, "SaveGameLevel" +
        Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(saveGameLevel.FileName).Substring(8) +".xml"));
}
// XNA 4.0
// Delete the saved game level data. NOTE: using OpenContainer method created in previous example
using (StorageContainer storageContainer = OpenContainer(storageDevice, "saveGameName"))
{
    storageContainer.DeleteFile(saveGameLevel.FileName);
 
    storageContainer.DeleteFile("SaveGameLevel" +
        Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(saveGameLevel.FileName).Substring(8) + ".xml");
}

// XNA 3.1
//Load the Next Level...
 
// Find the path of the next level.
string levelPath;
 
// Loop here so we can try again when we can't find a level.
while (true)
{
    // Try to find the next level. They are sequentially numbered txt files.
    levelPath = String.Format("Levels/{0}.txt", ++levelIndex);
    levelPath = Path.Combine(StorageContainer.TitleLocation, "Content/" + levelPath);
    if (File.Exists(levelPath))
        break;
 
    // If there isn't even a level 0, something has gone wrong.
    if (levelIndex == 0)
        throw new Exception("No levels found.");
 
    // Whenever we can't find a level, start over again at 0.
    levelIndex = -1;
}
 
// Unloads the content for the current level before loading the next one.
if (level != null)
    level.Dispose();
 
// Load the level.
level = new Level(Services, levelPath);
// XNA 4.0
// Load the Next Level...
 
// move to the next level
levelIndex = (levelIndex + 1) % numberOfLevels;
 
// Unloads the content for the current level before loading the next one.
if (level != null)
    level.Dispose();
 
// Load the level.
string levelPath = string.Format("Content/Levels/{0}.txt", levelIndex);
using (Stream fileStream = TitleContainer.OpenStream(levelPath))
    level = new Level(Services, fileStream, levelIndex);


// XNA 3.1
//Save the current state of the session, with the given storage device. 
 
// check the parameter
if ((storageDevice == null) || !storageDevice.IsConnected)
{
    return;
}
 
// open the container
using (StorageContainer storageContainer = storageDevice.OpenContainer(Session.SaveGameContainerName))
{
    string filename;
    string descriptionFilename;
 
    // get the filenames
    if (overwriteDescription == null)
    {
        int saveGameIndex = 0;
        string testFilename;
        do
        {
            saveGameIndex++;
            testFilename = Path.Combine(storageContainer.Path, "SaveGame" + saveGameIndex.ToString() + ".xml");
        }
        while (File.Exists(testFilename));
        filename = testFilename;
        descriptionFilename = "SaveGameDescription" + saveGameIndex.ToString() + ".xml";
    }
    else
    {
        filename = Path.Combine(storageContainer.Path, overwriteDescription.FileName);
        descriptionFilename = "SaveGameDescription" +
            Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(overwriteDescription.FileName).Substring(8) + ".xml";
    }
 
    using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Create))
    {
        using (XmlWriter xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(stream))
        {
            //create and write xml data...
        }
    }
 
   // create the save game description
    SaveGameDescription description = new SaveGameDescription();
    description.FileName = Path.GetFileName(filename);
    description.ChapterName = IsQuestLineComplete ? "Quest Line Complete" : Quest.Name;
    description.Description = DateTime.Now.ToString();
 
    using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(Path.Combine(storageContainer.Path, descriptionFilename), FileMode.Create))
    {
        new XmlSerializer(typeof(SaveGameDescription)).Serialize(stream, description);
    }
}
// XNA 4.0
//Save the current state of the session, with the given storage device. 
 
// check the parameter
if ((storageDevice == null) || !storageDevice.IsConnected)
{
    return;
}
 
// open the container Note: using OpenContainer method from previous examples
using (StorageContainer storageContainer = OpenContainer(storageDevice, Session.SaveGameContainerName))
{
    string filename;
    string descriptionFilename;
    // get the filenames
    if (overwriteDescription == null)
    {
        int saveGameIndex = 0;
        string testFilename;
        do
        {
            saveGameIndex++;
            testFilename = "SaveGame" + saveGameIndex.ToString() + ".xml";
        }
        while (storageContainer.FileExists(testFilename));
        filename = testFilename;
        descriptionFilename = "SaveGameDescription" + saveGameIndex.ToString() + ".xml";
    }
    else
    {
        filename = overwriteDescription.FileName;
        descriptionFilename = "SaveGameDescription" +
            Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(overwriteDescription.FileName).Substring(8) + ".xml";
    }
 
    // Note: using Stream instead of FileStream...
    using (Stream stream = storageContainer.OpenFile(filename, FileMode.Create))
    {
        using (XmlWriter xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(stream))
        {
            //create and write xml data...
        }
    }
 
    // create the save game description
    SaveGameDescription description = new SaveGameDescription();
    description.FileName = Path.GetFileName(filename);
    description.ChapterName = IsQuestLineComplete ? "Quest Line Complete" : Quest.Name;
    description.Description = DateTime.Now.ToString();
 
    // Note: using Stream instead of FileStream...
    using (Stream stream = storageContainer.OpenFile(descriptionFilename, FileMode.Create))
    {
        new XmlSerializer(typeof(SaveGameDescription)).Serialize(stream, description);
    }
} VertexShader, PixelShader, ps_1_x// XNA 3.1
VertexShaderOutput VertexShader(...)
{
    //some code
}
float4 PixelShader(...)
{
   // some code
}
// XNA 4.0
// VertexShader can not be used
VertexShaderOutput  VertexShaderFunction(...)
{
   // some code
}
// PixelShader can not be used
float4 PixelShaderFunction(...)
{
   // some code
}

// XNA 3.1
technique
{
    pass
    {
        VertexShader = compile vs_1_1 VertexShader();
        PixelShader  = compile ps_1_1 PixelShader();
    }
}
// XNA 4.0
technique
{
    pass
    {
        VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 VertexShaderFunction(); //VertexShader can not be used & set vs higher than 1_1
        PixelShader  = compile ps_2_0 PixelShaderFunction(); //PixelShader can not be used & set ps higher than 1_1
    }
} 

XNA Model drawn inside out, slightly transparent, missing parts or just looks wrong

// Set suitable renderstates for drawing a 3D model
GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque;
GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default;
 
// your model draw code starts here...