[lib3ds] 开源3ds文件解析库（一）：基础

3ds文件是3D Max的一种二进制存储格式，用来存储3D模型场景。关于这种格式官方的资料很少，从二进制角度解析文件很困难，幸好有个开源的项目已经提供了解析的库。

[lib3ds]http://code.google.com/p/lib3ds/

• • 用ANSI-C编写
  • 支持的框架:
  • • GNU build tools (autoconf, automake, libtool)
    • UNIX
    • Mac OS X
    • Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0
  • 支持小端和大端字节序的cpu
  • 载入和保存:
  • • Atmosphere settings
    • 背景设置 (Background settings)
    • 阴影贴图设置 (Shadow map settings)
    • 视口设置 (Viewport setting)
    • 材质 (Materials)
    • 摄像机 (Cameras)
    • 灯光 (Lights)
    • 网格 (Meshes)
    • 层次结构 (Hierarchy)
    • 关键祯 (Keyframes)
  • 计算动画(关键祯)数据
  • 简单容易操作的数据结构
  • • 矢量数学模块
    • 四元数数学模块
  • 矩阵数学模块
  • 与OpenGL无缝集成

 

(1) 坐标系

在3ds文件中使用的坐标系是左手坐标系，从左到右，x递增；从下到上，z递增；从近到远，y递增。

在lib3ds库中，经过解析，把3ds文件中的数据转换成了OpenGL采用的右手坐标系，从左到右，x递增，从下到上y递增，从远到近，z递增。

 

 

(2) 数学模块

矢量数学函数

 1 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_make(
 2     float c[3],
 3     float x,
 4     float y,
 5     float z);
 6 
 7 /** 
 8     Sets all components of a vector to zero. 
 9     \param c
10         The Pointer to the vector.
11 */
12 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_zero(
13     float c[3]);
14 
15 /** 
16     Copies all components of a vector to another vector. 
17     \param dst
18         [out] The destination vector.
19     \param src
20         [in] The source vector.
21 */
22 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_copy( 
23     float dst[3],  
24     float src[3]);
25 
26 /** 
27     Negates all components of a vector. 
28     \param c
29         The Pointer to the vector.
30 */
31 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_neg(
32     float c[3]);
33 
34 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_make(float c[3], float x, float y, float z);
35 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_zero(float c[3]);
36 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_add(float c[3], float a[3], float b[3]);
37 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_sub(float c[3], float a[3], float b[3]);
38 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_scalar_mul(float c[3], float a[3], float k);
39 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_cross(float c[3], float a[3], float b[3]);
40 extern LIB3DSAPI float lib3ds_vector_dot(float a[3], float b[3]);
41 extern LIB3DSAPI float lib3ds_vector_length(float c[3]);
42 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_normalize(float c[3]);
43 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_normal(float n[3], float a[3], float b[3], float c[3]);
44 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_min(float c[3], float a[3]);
45 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_max(float c[3], float a[3]);
46 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_vector_transform(float c[3], float m[4][4], float a[3]);
47 
48 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_identity(float c[4]);
49 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_copy(float dest[4], float src[4]);
50 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_axis_angle(float c[4], float axis[3], float angle);
51 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_neg(float c[4]);
52 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_cnj(float c[4]);
53 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_mul(float c[4], float a[4], float b[4]);
54 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_scalar(float c[4], float k);
55 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_normalize(float c[4]);
56 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_inv(float c[4]);
57 extern LIB3DSAPI float lib3ds_quat_dot(float a[4], float b[4]);
58 extern LIB3DSAPI float lib3ds_quat_norm(float c[4]);
59 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_ln(float c[4]);
60 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_ln_dif(float c[4], float a[4], float b[4]);
61 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_exp(float c[4]);
62 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_slerp(float c[4], float a[4], float b[4], float t);
63 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_squad(float c[4], float a[4], float p[4], float q[4], float b[4], float t);
64 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_tangent(float c[4], float p[4], float q[4], float n[4]);

四元数数学函数

 1 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_identity(float c[4]);
 2 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_copy(float dest[4], float src[4]);
 3 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_axis_angle(float c[4], float axis[3], float angle);
 4 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_neg(float c[4]);
 5 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_cnj(float c[4]);
 6 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_mul(float c[4], float a[4], float b[4]);
 7 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_scalar(float c[4], float k);
 8 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_normalize(float c[4]);
 9 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_inv(float c[4]);
10 extern LIB3DSAPI float lib3ds_quat_dot(float a[4], float b[4]);
11 extern LIB3DSAPI float lib3ds_quat_norm(float c[4]);
12 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_ln(float c[4]);
13 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_ln_dif(float c[4], float a[4], float b[4]);
14 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_exp(float c[4]);
15 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_slerp(float c[4], float a[4], float b[4], float t);
16 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_squad(float c[4], float a[4], float p[4], float q[4], float b[4], float t);
17 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_quat_tangent(float c[4], float p[4], float q[4], float n[4]);

矩阵数学函数

 1 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_zero(float m[4][4]);
 2 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_identity(float  m[4][4]);
 3 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_copy(float dest[4][4], float src[4][4]);
 4 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_neg(float m[4][4]);
 5 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_transpose(float m[4][4]);
 6 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_add(float m[4][4], float a[4][4], float b[4][4]);
 7 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_sub(float m[4][4], float a[4][4], float b[4][4]);
 8 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_mult(float m[4][4], float a[4][4], float b[4][4]);
 9 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_scalar(float m[4][4], float k);
10 extern LIB3DSAPI float lib3ds_matrix_det(float m[4][4]);
11 extern LIB3DSAPI int lib3ds_matrix_inv(float m[4][4]);
12 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_translate(float m[4][4], float x, float y, float z);
13 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_scale(float m[4][4], float x, float y, float z);
14 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_rotate_quat(float m[4][4], float q[4]);
15 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_rotate(float m[4][4], float angle, float ax, float ay, float az);
16 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_matrix_camera(float m[4][4], float pos[3], float tgt[3], float roll);

 关于3D数学基础知识，大家可以参考下这本书---《3D数学基础:图形与游戏开发》。

 

(3) 3DS文件数据结构

Lib3dsFile

 1 typedef struct Lib3dsFile {
 2     unsigned            user_id;
 3     void*               user_ptr;
 4     unsigned            mesh_version;
 5     unsigned            keyf_revision;
 6     char                name[12+1];
 7     float               master_scale;
 8     float               construction_plane[3];
 9     float               ambient[3];
10     Lib3dsShadow        shadow;
11     Lib3dsBackground    background;
12     Lib3dsAtmosphere    atmosphere;
13     Lib3dsViewport      viewport;
14     Lib3dsViewport      viewport_keyf;
15     int                 frames;
16     int                 segment_from;
17     int                 segment_to;
18     int                 current_frame;
19     int                 materials_size;
20     int                 nmaterials;         
21     Lib3dsMaterial**    materials;        
22     int                 cameras_size;  
23     int                 ncameras;                      
24     Lib3dsCamera**      cameras;
25     int                 lights_size;
26     int                 nlights;                      
27     Lib3dsLight**       lights;
28     int                 meshes_size;
29     int                 nmeshes;                      
30     Lib3dsMesh**        meshes;                         
31     Lib3dsNode*         nodes;
32 } Lib3dsFile; 
33 
34 extern LIB3DSAPI Lib3dsFile* lib3ds_file_open(const char *filename);
35 extern LIB3DSAPI int lib3ds_file_save(Lib3dsFile *file, const char *filename);
36 extern LIB3DSAPI Lib3dsFile* lib3ds_file_new();
37 extern LIB3DSAPI void lib3ds_file_free(Lib3dsFile *file);

通过lib3ds_file_open函数打开3ds文件后，Lib3dsFile结构包含了解析完成的所有3d数据。