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第二章 面试需要的基础知识
数组 - 二维数组中查找
- 题目：在一个二维数组中，每一行都按照从左到右递增的顺序排序，每一列都按照从上到下递增的顺序排序。请完成一个函数，输入这样的一个二维数组和一个整数，判断数组中是否含有该整数。
方法一
public class Solution {
public boolean Find(int [][] array, int target) {
for (int i=0; i<array.length; i++) {
for (int j=0; j<array[i].length; j++) {
if (array[i][j] == target)
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
方法二
- 时间复杂度 O(n)
public class Solution {
public boolean Find(int [][] array, int target) {
int row =0;
int col = array[0].length-1;
int numRow = array.length;
while (row < numRow && col>=0) {
if (array[row][col] > target)
col--;
else if (array[row][col] < target)
row++;
else {
return true; // 相等，返回true
}
}
return false; //遍历完，没有找到相等值，返回false
}
}
替换空格
方法一
- 借用String.replace()
public class Solution {
public String replaceSpace(StringBuffer str) {
String str1 = new String(str);
return str1.replace(" ", "%20");
}
}
方法二
- 使用字符数组实现
public class Solution {
public String replaceSpace(StringBuffer str) {
String str1 = new String(str);
char[] charArr = str1.toCharArray();
// 计算源字符串的长度和空格的数量
int originalLength = charArr.length;
int numberOfBlank = 0;
for (char item : charArr)
if (item == ' ')
numberOfBlank++;
// 计算新的字符串长度
int newLength = originalLength + numberOfBlank*2;
char[] newcharArr = new char[newLength];
//
int indexOfOriginal = originalLength-1;
int indexOfNew = newLength-1;
while(indexOfOriginal>=0) {
if (charArr[indexOfOriginal] == ' ') {
newcharArr[indexOfNew--] = '0';
newcharArr[indexOfNew--] = '2';
newcharArr[indexOfNew--] = '%';
indexOfOriginal--;
} else {
newcharArr[indexOfNew--] = charArr[indexOfOriginal--];
}
}
return String.valueOf(newcharArr);
}
}
从头到尾打印链表
import java.util.ArrayList;
class ListNode {
int val;
ListNode next = null;
ListNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
public ArrayList<Integer> printListFromTailToHead(ListNode listNode) {
ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<Integer>();
if (listNode == null) {
return al;
}
ListNode p = listNode;
while (p != null) {
al.add(p.val);
p = p.next;
}
int lower = 0;
int higher =al.size()-1;
while (lower < higher) {
int temp = al.get(lower);
al.set(lower, al.get(higher));
al.set(higher, temp);
lower++;
higher--;
}
return al;
}
}
重建二叉树
import java.util.Arrays;
class TreeNode {
int val;
TreeNode left;
TreeNode right;
TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
}
public class Solution {
public TreeNode reConstructBinaryTree(int [] pre,int [] in) {
if (pre==null || in==null) // 判空
return null;
//生成根节点
int rootValue = pre[0];
TreeNode root = new TreeNode(rootValue);
root.left = root.right = null;
// 一个节点的情况
if (pre.length==1) {
if (in.length==1 && pre[0]==in[0])
return root;
else
System.out.println("Invalid input.");
}
// 在中序遍历中查找根节点的值
int rootInorder =0;
while (rootInorder<in.length && in[rootInorder]!=rootValue)
rootInorder++;
// 构建左子树
int[] leftPre = Arrays.copyOfRange(pre, 1, rootInorder+1);
int[] leftIn = Arrays.copyOfRange(in, 0, rootInorder);
if (leftPre.length>0) {
root.left = reConstructBinaryTree(leftPre, leftIn);
}
// 构建右子树
int[] rightPre = Arrays.copyOfRange(pre, rootInorder+1, pre.length);
int[] rightIn = Arrays.copyOfRange(in, rootInorder+1, in.length);
if (rightPre.length>0) {
root.right = reConstructBinaryTree(rightPre, rightIn);
}
return root;
}
}
用两个栈实现队列
import java.util.Stack;
public class Solution {
Stack<Integer> stack1 = new Stack<Integer>();
Stack<Integer> stack2 = new Stack<Integer>();
public void push(int node) {
stack1.push(node);
}
public int pop() {
if (stack2.isEmpty()) {
while (!stack1.isEmpty()) {
stack2.push(stack1.pop());
}
}
if (stack2.isEmpty()) {
Exception e = new Exception("123");
try {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
return stack2.pop();
}
}
旋转数组的最小值
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Solution {
public int minNumberInRotateArray(int [] array) {
if (array.length == 0)
return 0;
int index1 = 0;
int index2 = array.length-1;
int indexMid = index1;
while (array[index1] >= array[index2]) {
if (index2-index1==1) {
indexMid = index2;
break;
}
indexMid = (index1+index2)/2;
if(array[indexMid] >= array[index1])
index1 = indexMid;
else if (array[indexMid] <= array[index2])
index2 = indexMid;
}
return array[indexMid];
}
}
斐波那契数列
public class Solution {
public int Fibonacci(int n) {
if (n<=0)
return 0;
if (n==1)
return 1;
int fibOne=1;
int fibTwo=0;
while (n > 1) {
fibOne = fibOne + fibTwo;
fibTwo = fibOne - fibTwo;
n--;
}
return fibOne;
}
}
跳台阶
- 类似斐波那契数列
public class Solution {
public int JumpFloor(int target) {
if (target <= 2)
return target;
int resOne = 2;
int resTwo = 1;
while (target>2) {
resOne = resOne + resTwo;
resTwo = resOne - resTwo;
target--;
}
return resOne;
}
}
变态跳台阶
- 等比数列
f(n) = 2^(n-1)
public class Solution {
public int JumpFloorII(int target) {
if (target < 1)
return 0;
if (target == 1)
return 1;
int result=1;
while (target > 1) {
result *= 2;
target--;
}
return result;
}
}
矩形覆盖
- 斐波那契数列
public class Solution {
public int RectCover(int target) {
if (target<=0)
return 0;
if (target<=2)
return target;
int resOne = 2;
int resTwo = 1;
while (target > 2) {
resOne = resOne + resTwo;
resTwo = resOne - resTwo;
target--;
}
return resOne;
}
}
二进制中1的个数
- 因为Java中没有无符号整数，因此限定循环的次数。
public class Solution {
public int NumberOf1(int n) {
int flag = 1;
int num = 0;
for (int i=0; i<32; i++) {
if ((flag & n) != 0) {
num++;
}
flag <<= 1;
}
return num;
}
}
第三章 高质量的代码
数值的整数次方
public class Solution {
public double Power(double base, int exponent) {
if (exponent == 0)
return 1;
int exp=0;
double result=1;
if (exponent > 0)
exp = exponent;
else
exp = -exponent;
while (exp > 0) {
result *= base;
exp--;
}
if (exponent < 0)
result = 1/result;
return result;
}
}
调整数组顺序使奇数位于偶数前面
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Solution {
public void reOrderArray(int [] array) {
if (array!=null && array.length>1) {
ArrayList<Integer> alOdd = new ArrayList<>();
ArrayList<Integer> alEven = new ArrayList<>();
for (int elem : array) {
if (elem % 2 == 1)
alOdd.add(elem);
else
alEven.add(elem);
}
int ind = 0;
for (int i=0; i<alOdd.size(); i++) {
array[ind] = alOdd.get(i);
ind++;
}
for (int i=0; i<alEven.size(); i++) {
array[ind] = alEven.get(i);
ind++;
}
}
}
}
链表中倒数第k个结点
public class ListNode {
int val;
ListNode next = null;
ListNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
public ListNode FindKthToTail(ListNode head,int k) {
if (head == null) {
return head;
}
if (k==0) {
return new ListNode(0).next;
}
ListNode pAhead = head;
ListNode pBehind = null;
for (int i=0; i<k-1; i++) {
if (pAhead.next != null)
pAhead = pAhead.next;
else
return pAhead.next; //k大于列表长度
}
pBehind = head;
while (pAhead.next != null) {
pAhead = pAhead.next;
pBehind = pBehind.next;
}
return pBehind;
}
}
翻转链表
public class ListNode {
int val;
ListNode next = null;
ListNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
public ListNode ReverseList(ListNode head) {
ListNode pReversedHead = null;
ListNode pNode = head;
ListNode pPrev = null;
while (pNode != null) {
ListNode pNext = pNode.next;
if (pNext == null)
pReversedHead = pNode;
pNode.next = pPrev;
pPrev = pNode;
pNode = pNext;
}
return pReversedHead;
}
}
合并两个排序的链表
public class ListNode {
int val;
ListNode next = null;
ListNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
public ListNode Merge(ListNode list1,ListNode list2) {
if (list1 == null) {
return list2;
} else if (list2 == null) {
return list1;
}
ListNode listMergeHead = null;
if (list1.val < list2.val) {
listMergeHead = list1;
listMergeHead.next = Merge(list1.next, list2);
} else {
listMergeHead = list2;
listMergeHead.next = Merge(list1, list2.next);
}
return listMergeHead;
}
}
树的子结构
class TreeNode {
int val = 0;
TreeNode left = null;
TreeNode right = null;
public TreeNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
public boolean HasSubtree(TreeNode root1,TreeNode root2) {
boolean result = false;
if (root1!=null && root2!=null) {
if (root1.val == root2.val)
result = DoesTree1HaveTree2(root1, root2);
if (!result)
result = HasSubtree(root1.left, root2);
if(!result)
result = HasSubtree(root1.right, root2);
}
return result;
}
public boolean DoesTree1HaveTree2(TreeNode pRoot1, TreeNode pRoot2) {
if (pRoot2 == null) // Tree2 为空
return true;
if (pRoot1 == null) // Tree2非空，Tree1为空
return false;
if (pRoot1.val != pRoot2.val) // Tree1 & Tree2非空
return false;
return DoesTree1HaveTree2(pRoot1.left, pRoot2.left) && DoesTree1HaveTree2(pRoot1.right, pRoot2.right);
}
}
第四章 解决面试的思路
二叉树的镜像
class TreeNode {
int val = 0;
TreeNode left = null;
TreeNode right = null;
public TreeNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
// 先序遍历，交换每个节点的左右节点
public class Solution {
public void Mirror(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null)
return;
if (root.left==null && root.right==null)
return;
// 交换当前节点的左右子节点
TreeNode temp = root.left;
root.left = root.right;
root.right = temp;
// 遍历左子节点
if (root.left != null)
Mirror(root.left);
// 遍历右子节点
if (root.right != null)
Mirror(root.right);
}
}
顺时针打印矩阵
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Solution {
public ArrayList<Integer> printMatrix(int [][] matrix) {
if (matrix == null || matrix.length<=0 || matrix[0].length<=0)
return new ArrayList<Integer>();
ArrayList<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>();
int start = 0;
int numRow = matrix.length;
int numCol = matrix[0].length;
while (numRow>2*start && numCol>2*start) {
PrintMatrixInCircle(matrix, numRow, numCol, start, result);
start++;
}
return result;
}
public void PrintMatrixInCircle(int[][] matrix, int numRow, int numCol, int start, ArrayList<Integer> result) {
int endX = numCol-1-start;
int endY = numRow-1-start;
// 从左到右打印一行
for (int i=start; i<=endX; ++i) {
result.add(matrix[start][i]);
}
// 从上到下打印一行
if (start < endY) {
for (int i=start+1; i<=endY; i++) {
result.add(matrix[i][endX]);
}
}
// 从右到左打印一行
if (start<endX && start<endY) {
for (int i=endX-1; i>=start; i--) {
result.add(matrix[endY][i]);
}
}
// 从下到上打印一行
if (start<endX && start<endY-1) {
for(int i=endY-1; i>=start+1; i--) {
result.add(matrix[i][start]);
}
}
}
}
包含min函数的栈
import java.util.Stack;
public class Solution {
Stack<Integer> dataStack = new Stack<Integer>();
Stack<Integer> minStack = new Stack<Integer>();
public void push(int node) {
dataStack.push(node);
if (minStack.isEmpty() || node < minStack.peek())
minStack.push(node);
else
minStack.push(minStack.peek());
}
public void pop() {
assert(!dataStack.isEmpty() && !minStack.isEmpty());
dataStack.pop();
minStack.pop();
}
public int top() {
assert(!dataStack.isEmpty() && !minStack.isEmpty());
return dataStack.peek();
}
public int min() {
assert(!dataStack.isEmpty() && !minStack.isEmpty());
return minStack.peek();
}
}
栈的压入、弹出序列
import java.util.Stack;
public class Solution {
public boolean IsPopOrder(int [] pushA,int [] popA) {
boolean bPossible = false;
// 判空
if (pushA==null || popA==null)
return bPossible;
if (pushA.length != popA.length)
return bPossible;
int nLength = pushA.length;
int nextPushInd = 0;
int nextPopInd = 0;
Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<Integer>();
while (nextPopInd < nLength) {
while (stack.empty() || stack.peek() != popA[nextPopInd]) {
if (nextPushInd == nLength)
break;
stack.push(pushA[nextPushInd]);
nextPushInd++;
}
if (stack.peek() != popA[nextPopInd])
break;
stack.pop();
nextPopInd++;
}
if (stack.empty() && nextPopInd== nLength)
bPossible=true;
System.out.println(nextPushInd);
System.out.println(nextPopInd);
return bPossible;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] pushA = {1,2,3,4,5};
int[] popA = {4,5,3,2,1};
Solution solution = new Solution();
boolean result = solution.IsPopOrder(pushA, popA);
System.out.println(result);
}
}
从上往下打印二叉树
- 使用队列实现
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
class TreeNode {
int val = 0;
TreeNode left = null;
TreeNode right = null;
public TreeNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
public ArrayList<Integer> PrintFromTopToBottom(TreeNode root) {
if (root==null)
return new ArrayList<Integer>();
ArrayList<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<TreeNode>(); //创建队列
queue.add(root);
while (queue.size() > 0) {
TreeNode temp = queue.peek();
queue.remove();
result.add(temp.val);
if (temp.left != null)
queue.add(temp.left);
if (temp.right != null)
queue.add(temp.right);
}
return result;
}
}
二叉搜索树的后序遍历序列
- 二叉搜索树的左子树结点小于根节点，右子树结点大于根结点；
- 根结点位于后续遍历序列的最后位置
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Solution {
public boolean VerifySquenceOfBST(int [] sequence) {
if (sequence == null || sequence.length==0)
return false;
int root = sequence[sequence.length-1]; //根存储在数组的最后位置
// 二叉搜索树中左子树的结点小于根节点
int i=0;
for (; i<sequence.length-1; i++) {
if (sequence[i] > root)
break;
}
// 二叉搜索树中右子树的结点大于根节点
int j = i;
for (; j<sequence.length-1; j++) {
if (sequence[j] < root) {
return false;
}
}
// 判断左子树是不是二叉搜索树
boolean left = true;
if (i > 0) {
left = VerifySquenceOfBST(Arrays.copyOfRange(sequence, 0, i));
}
// 判断右子树是不是二叉搜索树
boolean right = true;
if (i < sequence.length-1)
right = VerifySquenceOfBST(Arrays.copyOfRange(sequence, i, sequence.length-1));
return (left && right);
}
}
二叉树中和为某一值的路径
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
class TreeNode {
int val = 0;
TreeNode left = null;
TreeNode right = null;
public TreeNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> FindPath(TreeNode root,int target) {
if (root == null)
return new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> arrayList = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
ArrayList<Integer> path = new ArrayList<Integer>(); // 栈，用做存储路径
int currentSum = 0;
FindPath(root, target, arrayList, path, currentSum);
return arrayList;
}
public void FindPath(TreeNode root,int target, ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> arrayList, ArrayList<Integer> path, int currentSum) {
currentSum += root.val;
path.add(root.val);
// 如果是叶结点，并且路径和符合条件
boolean isLeaf = ((root.left==null) && (root.right==null));
if (currentSum==target && isLeaf) {
Iterator<Integer> iterator = path.iterator();
ArrayList<Integer> pathTemp = new ArrayList<>();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
pathTemp.add(iterator.next());
}
arrayList.add(pathTemp);
}
//如果不是叶结点，遍历它的子节点
if (root.left != null)
FindPath(root.left, target, arrayList, path, currentSum);
if (root.right != null)
FindPath(root.right, target, arrayList, path, currentSum);
// 返回父节点前，在路径上删除当前节点
path.remove(path.size()-1);
}
}
复杂链表的复制
- 分成3步实现
class RandomListNode {
int label;
RandomListNode next = null;
RandomListNode random = null;
RandomListNode(int label) {
this.label = label;
}
}
public class Solution {
public RandomListNode Clone(RandomListNode pHead)
{
CloneNode(pHead);
ConnectRandomNodes(pHead);
return ReconnectNodes(pHead);
}
// 第一步：创建N的结点，并链接到原结点的后面
public void CloneNode(RandomListNode pHead) {
RandomListNode pNode = pHead;
while (pNode != null) {
RandomListNode pCloned = new RandomListNode(pNode.label);
pCloned.next = pNode.next;
pCloned.random = null; // 冗余
pNode.next = pCloned;
pNode = pCloned.next;
}
}
// 第二部：设置复制出来的节点的random
public void ConnectRandomNodes (RandomListNode pHead) {
RandomListNode pNode = pHead;
while (pNode != null) {
RandomListNode pCloned = pNode.next;
if (pNode.random != null) { // 存在随机链接
pCloned.random = pNode.random.next;
}
pNode = pCloned.next;
}
}
// 第三步：将链表分解成两部分：原链表和复制的链表
public RandomListNode ReconnectNodes (RandomListNode pHead) {
RandomListNode pNode = pHead;
RandomListNode pClonedHead = null;
RandomListNode pClonedNode = null;
//处理头结点
if (pNode != null) {
pClonedHead = pClonedNode = pNode.next;
pNode.next = pClonedNode.next;
pNode = pNode.next;
}
//处理后面的结点
while (pNode != null) {
pClonedNode.next = pNode.next;
pClonedNode = pClonedNode.next;
pNode.next = pClonedNode.next;
pNode = pNode.next;
}
return pClonedHead;
}
}
二叉搜索树与双向链表
- 这道题有点难
class TreeNode {
int val = 0;
TreeNode left = null;
TreeNode right = null;
public TreeNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
public TreeNode Convert(TreeNode pRootOfTree) {
if (pRootOfTree == null)
return pRootOfTree;
//TreeNode pLastOfList = null;
TreeNode pLastOfList = new TreeNode(0);
pLastOfList = ConvertNode(pRootOfTree, pLastOfList);
TreeNode pHeadOfList = pLastOfList;
while (pLastOfList!=null && pHeadOfList.left!=null) {
pHeadOfList = pHeadOfList.left;
}
pHeadOfList = pHeadOfList.right;
pHeadOfList.left = null;
return pHeadOfList;
}
public TreeNode ConvertNode (TreeNode pNode, TreeNode pLastOfList) {
if (pNode == null)
return pNode;
TreeNode pCurrent = pNode;
if (pCurrent.left != null)
pLastOfList = ConvertNode(pCurrent.left, pLastOfList);
pCurrent.left = pLastOfList;
if (pLastOfList != null)
pLastOfList.right = pCurrent;
pLastOfList = pCurrent;
if (pCurrent.right != null) {
pLastOfList = ConvertNode(pCurrent.right, pLastOfList);
}
return pLastOfList;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TreeNode a = new TreeNode(10);
TreeNode b = new TreeNode(6);
TreeNode c = new TreeNode(14);
TreeNode d = new TreeNode(4);
TreeNode e = new TreeNode(8);
TreeNode f = new TreeNode(12);
TreeNode g = new TreeNode(16);
a.left = b;
a.right = c;
b.left = d;
b.right = e;
c.left = f;
c.right = g;
Solution solution = new Solution();
TreeNode pHead = solution.Convert(a);
while (pHead != null) {
System.out.print(pHead.val + "→");
pHead = pHead.right;
}
System.out.println();
while (pHead != null) {
System.out.print(pHead.val + "→");
pHead = pHead.left;
}
}
}
字符串的排列
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Solution {
public ArrayList<String> Permutation(String str) {
if (str == null)
return null;
//return new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>();
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(str);
Permutation(arrayList, stringBuffer, 0);
String[] strArray = new String[arrayList.size()];
arrayList.toArray(strArray);
Arrays.sort(strArray);
for (int i=0; i<arrayList.size(); i++) {
arrayList.set(i, strArray[i]);
}
return arrayList;
}
public void Permutation(ArrayList<String> arrayList, StringBuffer stringBuffer, int ind) {
if (ind == stringBuffer.length()-1) {
if (!arrayList.contains(stringBuffer.toString())) {
arrayList.add(stringBuffer.toString());
}
} else {
for (int i=ind; i<stringBuffer.length(); i++) {
char temp = stringBuffer.charAt(i);
stringBuffer.setCharAt(i, stringBuffer.charAt(ind));
stringBuffer.setCharAt(ind, temp);
Permutation(arrayList, stringBuffer, ind+1);
temp = stringBuffer.charAt(i);
stringBuffer.setCharAt(i, stringBuffer.charAt(ind));
stringBuffer.setCharAt(ind, temp);
}
}
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
Solution solution = new Solution();
ArrayList<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>();
arrayList = solution.Permutation("abc");
System.out.println(arrayList.size());
for (String item : arrayList) {
System.out.println(item);
}
}
}
第五章 优化时间和空间效率
数组中出现次数超过一半的数字
// 中位数，快速排序，partition
public class Solution {
public int MoreThanHalfNum_Solution(int [] array) {
if (CheckInvalidArray(array)) // 检查输入是否有效
return 0;
int result = array[0];
int times = 1;
for (int i=1; i<array.length; i++) {
if (times==0) {
result = array[i];
times = 1;
} else if (array[i] == result)
times++;
else
times--;
}
if (!CheckMoreThanHalf(array, result))
return 0;
return result;
}
public boolean CheckInvalidArray (int[] array) {
boolean g_bInputInvalid = false;
if (array==null || array.length<=0) {
g_bInputInvalid = true;
}
return g_bInputInvalid;
}
boolean CheckMoreThanHalf (int[] array, int number) {
int times = 0;
for (int i=0; i<array.length; i++) {
if (array[i] == number)
times++;
}
boolean isMoreThanHalf = true;
if (times * 2 <= array.length) {
isMoreThanHalf = false;
}
return isMoreThanHalf;
}
}
最小的K个数
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Solution {
public ArrayList<Integer> GetLeastNumbers_Solution(int [] input, int k) {
int n = input.length;
if (input==null || n<=0 || k<=0 || k>n)
return new ArrayList<Integer>();
int start = 0;
int end = n-1;
int index = Partition(input, start, end);
while (index != k-1) {
if (index>k-1) {
end = index-1;
index = Partition(input, start, end);
} else {
start = index+1;
index = Partition(input, start, end);
}
}
ArrayList<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (int i=0; i<k; i++) {
result.add(input[i]);
}
return result;
}
public int Partition(int[] data, int start, int end) {
int length = data.length;
if (data==null || length<=0 || start<0 || end>=length)
try {
throw new Exception("Invalid Parameters");
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
int index = (int)(Math.random()*(end-start) + start);
Swap(data, index, end);
int small = start-1;
for (index=start; index<end; index++) {
if (data[index] < data[end]) {
small++;
if (small != index)
Swap(data, index, small);
}
}
small++;
Swap(data, small, end);
return small;
}
public void Swap (int[] data, int index, int end) {
int temp = data[index];
data[index] = data[end];
data[end] = temp;
}
}
连续子数组的最大和
public class Solution {
public int FindGreatestSumOfSubArray(int[] array) {
if (array==null || array.length<=0)
return 0;
int nCurSum = 0;
int nGreatestSum = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
for (int i=0; i<array.length; i++) {
if (nCurSum<0)
nCurSum = array[i];
else
nCurSum += array[i];
if (nCurSum>nGreatestSum)
nGreatestSum = nCurSum;
}
return nGreatestSum;
}
}
整数中1出现的次数（从1到n整数中1出现的次数）
public class Solution {
public int NumberOf1Between1AndN_Solution(int n) {
int number = 0;
for (int i=1; i<=n; i++)
number += NumberOf1(i);
return number;
}
public int NumberOf1(int n) {
int number = 0;
while (n > 0) {
if (n%10 == 1)
number++;
n /= 10;
}
return number;
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
Solution solution = new Solution();
System.out.println(solution.NumberOf1Between1AndN_Solution(11));
}
}
把数组排成最小的数
- 确定一种排序规则
- 隐性的大数问题
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
public class Solution {
public String PrintMinNumber(int [] numbers) {
if (numbers==null || numbers.length<=0)
return new String();
// 数组转化成字符串数组
String[] strArray = new String[numbers.length];
for (int i=0; i<numbers.length; i++)
strArray[i] = String.valueOf(numbers[i]);
//排序
Arrays.sort(strArray, new ComparatorTest());
// 连接
StringBuilder sBuilder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i=0; i<numbers.length; i++) {
sBuilder.append(strArray[i]);
}
return sBuilder.toString();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
int[] a = {3, 5, 1, 4,2};
String str = new String();
str = solu.PrintMinNumber(a);
System.out.println(str);
}
}
class ComparatorTest implements Comparator<String> {
@Override
public int compare(String str1, String str2) {
String strCombine1 = str1 + str2;
String strCombine2 = str2 + str1;
return strCombine1.compareTo(strCombine2);
}
}
丑数
- 第一种方法，复杂度过高
public class Solution {
public int GetUglyNumber_Solution(int index) {
if (index <= 0)
return 0;
int number = 0;
int uglyFound = 0;
while (uglyFound < index) {
number++;
if (IsUgly(number))
uglyFound++;
}
return number;
}
public boolean IsUgly (int number) {
while (number%2 == 0)
number /=2;
while (number%3 == 0)
number /=3;
while (number%5 == 0)
number /=5;
return (number==1) ? true : false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
System.out.println(solu.GetUglyNumber_Solution(1000));
}
}
- 第二种方法：优化时间复杂度
public class Solution {
public int GetUglyNumber_Solution(int index) {
if (index <= 0)
return 0;
int[] uglyNumbers = new int[index];
uglyNumbers[0] = 1;
int nextUglyIndex = 1;
int ind2 = 0;
int ind3 = 0;
int ind5 = 0;
while (nextUglyIndex < index) {
int min = Min(uglyNumbers[ind2]*2, uglyNumbers[ind3]*3, uglyNumbers[ind5]*5);
uglyNumbers[nextUglyIndex] = min;
while(uglyNumbers[ind2]*2 <= uglyNumbers[nextUglyIndex])
ind2++;
while(uglyNumbers[ind3]*3 <= uglyNumbers[nextUglyIndex])
ind3++;
while(uglyNumbers[ind5]*5 <= uglyNumbers[nextUglyIndex])
ind5++;
++nextUglyIndex;
}
int ugly = uglyNumbers[nextUglyIndex-1];
return ugly;
}
int Min(int number1, int number2, int number3) {
int min = (number1<number2) ? number1 : number2;
min = (min<number3) ? min : number3;
return min;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
System.out.println(solu.GetUglyNumber_Solution(5));
}
}
第一个只出现一次的字符位置
public class Solution {
public int FirstNotRepeatingChar(String str) {
if (str==null || str.length()<=0) {
return -1;
}
int tableSize = 256;
int[] hashTable = new int[tableSize]; //自动初始化为0
for (int i=0; i<str.length(); i++)
hashTable[str.charAt(i)]++;
for (int i=0; i<str.length(); i++) {
if (hashTable[str.charAt(i)]==1) {
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
String str = "google";
System.out.println(solu.FirstNotRepeatingChar(str));
}
}
—数组中的逆序对—
- 错误
public class Solution {
public int InversePairs(int [] array) {
if (array==null || array.length<=0)
return 0;
int[] copy = new int[array.length];
for (int i=0; i<array.length; ++i)
copy[i] = array[i];
long count=InversePairsCore(array, copy, 0, array.length-1);
return (int)count;
}
public long InversePairsCore(int[] array, int[] copy, int start, int end) {
if (start == end) {
copy[start] = array[start];
return 0;
}
int length = (end-start)/2;
long left = InversePairsCore(copy, array, start, start+length);
long right = InversePairsCore(copy, array, start+length+1, end);
// i初始化为前半段最后一个数字的下标
int i= start + length;
// j初始化为后半段最后一个数字的下标
int j = end;
int indexCopy = end;
long count = 0;
while (i>=start && j>=start+length+1) {
if (array[i] > array[j]) {
copy[indexCopy--] = array[i--];
count += j-start-length;
} else {
copy[indexCopy--] = array[j--];
}
}
for (; i>=start; --i)
copy[indexCopy--] = array[i];
for (; j>=start+length+1; --j)
copy[indexCopy--] = array[j];
return left+right+count;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
int[] a = {364,637,341,406,747,995,234,971,571,219,993,407,416,366,315,301,601,650,418,355,460,505,360,965,516,648,727,667,465,849,455,181,486,149,588,233,144,174,557,67,746,550,474,162,268,142,463,221,882,576,604,739,288,569,256,936,275,401,497,82,935,983,583,523,697,478,147,795,380,973,958,115,773,870,259,655,446,863,735,784,3,671,433,630,425,930,64,266,235,187,284,665,874,80,45,848,38,811,267,575};
System.out.println(solu.InversePairs(a));
}
}
两个链表的第一个公共节点
- 先计算链表的长度，然后让长链表先走几步，再让两个链表同时走，第一个相同的结点就是结果。
- 两个链表的形状是Y形。
class ListNode {
int val;
ListNode next = null;
ListNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
public ListNode FindFirstCommonNode(ListNode pHead1, ListNode pHead2) {
if (pHead1==null)
return pHead1;
else if(pHead2==null)
return pHead2;
int nLength1 = GetListLength(pHead1);
int nLength2 = GetListLength(pHead2);
int nLengthDif = nLength1 - nLength2;
ListNode pListHeadLong = pHead1;
ListNode pListHeadShort = pHead2;
if (nLength2 > nLength1) {
pListHeadLong = pHead2;
pListHeadShort = pHead1;
nLengthDif = nLength2-nLength1;
}
// 长链表先走几步
for (int i=0; i<nLengthDif; i++)
pListHeadLong = pListHeadLong.next;
// 再同时在两个链表上遍历
while((pListHeadLong!=null) && (pListHeadShort!=null) && (pListHeadLong!=pListHeadShort)) {
pListHeadLong = pListHeadLong.next;
pListHeadShort = pListHeadShort.next;
}
// 得到第一个公共结点
ListNode pFirstCommonNode = pListHeadLong;
return pFirstCommonNode;
}
// 计算链表的长度
public int GetListLength(ListNode head) {
int nLength = 0;
ListNode node = head;
while (node != null) {
nLength++;
node = node.next;
}
return nLength;
}
}
第六章 面试中的各项能力
数字在排序数组中出现的次数
- 通过二分查找找到第一个k和最后一个k的位置，即可。
public class Solution {
public int GetNumberOfK(int [] array , int k) {
if (array==null || array.length<=0)
return 0;
int number=0;
int length = array.length;
int first = GetFirstK(array, length, k, 0, length-1);
int last = GetLastK(array, length, k, 0, length-1);
if (first>-1 && last>-1)
number = last-first+1;
return number;
}
// 计算第一个K的索引位置
int GetFirstK(int[] array, int length, int k, int start, int end) {
if (start>end)
return -1;
int middleIndex = (start+end)/2;
int middleData = array[middleIndex];
if(middleData == k) {
if ((middleIndex>0 && array[middleIndex-1]!=k) || middleIndex==0)
return middleIndex;
else
end = middleIndex-1;
} else if(middleData>k)
end = middleIndex-1;
else
start = middleIndex+1;
return GetFirstK(array, length, k, start, end);
}
// 计算最后一个k的位置
int GetLastK(int[] array, int length, int k, int start, int end) {
if (start>end)
return -1;
int middleIndex = (start+end)/2;
int middleData = array[middleIndex];
if(middleData == k) {
if ((middleIndex<length-1 && array[middleIndex+1]!=k) || middleIndex==length-1)
return middleIndex;
else
start = middleIndex+1;
} else if(middleData<k)
start = middleIndex+1;
else
end = middleIndex-1;
return GetLastK(array, length, k, start, end);
}
}
二叉树的深度
- 根据树的遍历改写。
public class Solution {
public int TreeDepth(TreeNode pRoot)
{
if (pRoot==null)
return 0;
int nLeft = TreeDepth(pRoot.left);
int nRight = TreeDepth(pRoot.right);
return (nLeft>nRight) ? (nLeft+1) : (nRight+1);
}
}
平衡二叉树
数组中只出现一次的数字
- 难
//num1,num2分别为长度为1的数组。传出参数
//将num1[0],num2[0]设置为返回结果
public class Solution {
public void FindNumsAppearOnce(int [] array,int num1[] , int num2[]) {
int length = array.length;
if (array==null || length<2)
return;
int resultExclusiveOR = 0;
for (int i=0; i<length; i++)
resultExclusiveOR ^= array[i];
int indexOf1 = FindFirstBitIs1(resultExclusiveOR);
num1[0] = num2[0] = 0;
for (int j=0; j<length; j++) {
if (IsBit1(array[j], indexOf1))
num1[0] ^= array[j];
else
num2[0] ^= array[j];
}
}
public int FindFirstBitIs1 (int num) {
int indexBit = 0;
while (((num&1)==0) && (indexBit<Integer.SIZE)) {
num = num>>1;
indexBit++;
}
return indexBit;
}
public boolean IsBit1 (int num, int indexBit) {
num = num >> indexBit;
return ((num & 1)!=0);
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
int[] a = {2,4,3,6,3,2,5,5};
int[] b = new int[1];
int[] c = new int[1];
solu.FindNumsAppearOnce(a, b, c);
System.out.println(b[0] + " " + c[0]);
}
}
和为S的连续正数序列
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Solution {
public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer> > FindContinuousSequence(int sum) {
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
if (sum<3)
return result;
int small = 1;
int big = 2;
int middle = (1+sum)/2;
int curSum = small + big;
while (small < middle) {
if (curSum == sum)
addElem (result, small, big);
while(curSum>sum && small<middle) {
curSum -= small;
small++;
if (curSum==sum)
addElem (result, small, big);
}
big++;
curSum += big;
}
return result;
}
public void addElem (ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> array, int small, int big) {
ArrayList<Integer> temp= new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (int i=small; i<=big; i++) {
temp.add(i);
}
array.add(temp);
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> array;
array = solu.FindContinuousSequence(15);
for (int i=0; i<array.size(); i++) {
for (int j=0; j<array.get(i).size(); j++) {
System.out.print(array.get(i).get(j));
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
和为S的两个数字
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Solution {
public ArrayList<Integer> FindNumbersWithSum(int [] array,int sum) {
//boolean found = false;
int length = array.length;
ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<Integer>();
if (length<1)
return al;
int ahead = length-1;
int behind = 0;
while (ahead>behind) {
long curSum = array[ahead] + array[behind];
if(curSum==sum) {
al.add(array[behind]);
al.add(array[ahead]);
//found = true;
break;
} else if (curSum > sum) {
ahead--;
} else
behind++;
}
return al;
}
}
左旋转字符串
public class Solution {
public String LeftRotateString(String str,int n) {
if (str != null) {
int nLength = str.length();
if (nLength>0 && n>0 && n<nLength) {
int begin1 = 0;
int end1 = n-1;
int begin2 = n;
int end2 = nLength-1;
char[] strArr = str.toCharArray();
Reverse(strArr, begin1, end1);
Reverse(strArr, begin2, end2);
Reverse(strArr, begin1, end2);
str = String.copyValueOf(strArr);
}
}
return str;
}
public void Reverse(char[] strArr, int begin, int end) {
if (strArr==null)
return;
while (begin<end) {
char temp = strArr[begin];
strArr[begin] = strArr[end];
strArr[end] = temp;
begin++;
end--;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
//String str = solu.ReverseSentence("I am a student.");
String str = solu.LeftRotateString("Wonderful", 2);
System.out.println(str);
}
}
翻转单词顺序序列
public class Solution {
public String ReverseSentence(String str) {
if (str==null || str.length()<=0)
return str;
char[] strArr = str.toCharArray();
// 翻转所有的字符
Reverse(strArr, 0, strArr.length-1);
// 翻转句子中每个单词
int begin = 0;
int end = 0;
while (begin < strArr.length-1) {
if (strArr[begin] == ' ') {
begin++;
end++;
} else if ( end == strArr.length || strArr[end]==' ') {
end--;
Reverse(strArr, begin, end);
begin = ++end;
} else {
end++;
}
}
return String.copyValueOf(strArr);
}
public void Reverse(char[] strArr, int begin, int end) {
if (strArr==null)
return;
while (begin<end) {
char temp = strArr[begin];
strArr[begin] = strArr[end];
strArr[end] = temp;
begin++;
end--;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
//String str = solu.ReverseSentence("I am a student.");
String str = solu.ReverseSentence("Wonderful");
System.out.println(str);
}
}
扑克牌顺子
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
public class Solution {
public boolean isContinuous(int [] numbers) {
int length = numbers.length;
if (numbers==null || length<1)
return false;
Integer[] numArr = new Integer[length];
for (int i=0; i<length; i++) {
numArr[i] = numbers[i];
}
Arrays.sort(numArr, new ComparatorTest());
int numOfZero = 0;
int numOfGap = 0;
// 统计0的个数
for (int i=0; i<length;i++)
if (numArr[i] == 0)
numOfZero++;
// 统计间隔的数目
int small = numOfZero; //第一个非零数字的位置
int big = small + 1; //第二个非零数字的位置
while (big < length) {
// 如果两个数相等，不可能是顺子
if (numArr[small] == numArr[big])
return false;
numOfGap += numArr[big] - numArr[small] - 1;
small = big;
big++;
}
return (numOfGap>numOfZero) ? false: true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
//int a[] = {1,2,0,4,5};
int[] a = {1,3,2,6,4};
System.out.println(solu.isContinuous(a));
}
}
class ComparatorTest implements Comparator<Integer> {
@Override
public int compare(Integer num1, Integer num2) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return num1-num2;
}
}
孩子们的游戏（圆圈中最后剩下的数）
- 分析规律，构建递归公式。
public class Solution {
public int LastRemaining_Solution(int n, int m) {
if (n<1 || m<1)
return -1;
int last = 0;
for (int i=2; i<=n; i++) {
last = (last+m)%i;
}
return last;
}
}
求1+2+3+…+n
- 要求不让使用循环，条件语句实现。
- 使用构造函数可以实现。
public class Solution {
public int Sum_Solution(int n) {
int sum=0;
for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) {
sum += i;
}
return sum;
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
System.out.println(solu.Sum_Solution(10));
}
}
不用加减乘除做加法
public class Solution {
public int Add(int num1,int num2) {
int sum, carry;
do {
sum = num1 ^ num2;
carry = (num1 & num2) << 1;
num1 = sum;
num2 = carry;
}while(num2 != 0);
return num1;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
System.out.println(solu.Add(3, 34));
}
}
第七章 两个面试案例
把字符串转换成整数
public class Solution {
public int StrToInt(String str) {
int result=0;
try{
result = Integer.valueOf(str);
} catch(Exception e) {
//e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
System.out.println(solu.StrToInt("12a"));
}
}
第八章 英文版新增面试题
数组中重复的数字
public class Solution {
// Parameters:
// numbers: an array of integers
// length: the length of array numbers
// duplication: (Output) the duplicated number in the array number,length of duplication array is 1,so using duplication[0] = ? in implementation;
// Here duplication like pointor in C/C++, duplication[0] equal *duplication in C/C++
// 这里要特别注意~返回任意重复的一个，赋值duplication[0]
// Return value: true if the input is valid, and there are some duplications in the array number
// otherwise false
public boolean duplicate(int numbers[],int length,int [] duplication) {
duplication[0] = -1;
if (numbers==null || numbers.length<1)
return false;
for (int i=0; i<length; i++)
if (numbers[i]<0 || numbers[i]>length-1)
return false;
for (int i=0; i<length; i++) {
while (numbers[i] != i) {
if (numbers[i] == numbers[numbers[i]]) {
duplication[0] = numbers[i];
return true;
}
// 交换第i个元素和第numbers[i]个元素
int temp = numbers[i];
numbers[i] = numbers[temp];
numbers[temp] = temp;
}
}
return false;
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
//int[] numbers = {2,3,1,0,2,5,3};
int[] numbers = {0,1};
int[] duplication = new int[1];
boolean b = solu.duplicate(numbers, numbers.length, duplication);
System.out.println(b);
System.out.println(duplication[0]);
}
}
构建乘积数组
public class Solution {
public int[] multiply(int[] A) {
int[] result = null;
if (A==null || A.length<1)
return result;
result = new int[A.length];
// result = C*D
// C
result[0] = 1;
for (int i=1; i<result.length; i++) {
result[i] = result[i-1] * A[i-1];
}
// D
int temp = 1;
for (int i=result.length-2; i>=0; i--) {
temp *= A[i+1]; // D[i]
result[i] *= temp; // result[i]=C[i]*D[i]
}
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
int[] a = {1,2,3};
int[] b = new int[3];
b = solu.multiply(a);
for (int i=0; i<b.length; i++) {
System.out.print(b[i]);
}
}
}
正则表达式匹配
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Solution {
public boolean match(char[] str, char[] pattern)
{
if (str==null || pattern==null)
return false;
return matchCore(str, pattern);
}
public boolean matchCore (char[] str, char[] pattern) {
// 模式为空的情况
if (str.length==0 && pattern.length==0)
return true;
if (str.length!=0 && pattern.length==0)
return false;
if (pattern.length>1 && pattern[1] == '*') {
//if (str[0]==pattern[0] || (pattern[0]=='.' && str.length!=0)){
if (str.length!=0 && (str[0]==pattern[0] || pattern[0]=='.')){
boolean b1, b2, b3;
b1 = matchCore(Arrays.copyOfRange(str, 1, str.length), Arrays.copyOfRange(pattern, 2, pattern.length));
b2 = matchCore(Arrays.copyOfRange(str, 1, str.length), pattern);
b3 = matchCore(str, Arrays.copyOfRange(pattern, 2, pattern.length));
return b1 || b2 || b3;
} else {
return matchCore(str, Arrays.copyOfRange(pattern, 2, pattern.length));
}
}
if (str.length!=0 && (str[0]==pattern[0] || pattern[0]=='.'))
return matchCore(Arrays.copyOfRange(str, 1, str.length), Arrays.copyOfRange(pattern, 1, pattern.length));
return false;
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
/*
char[] str = {'b'};
char[] str2 = Arrays.copyOfRange(str, 1, str.length);
System.out.println(str2.length);
*/
char[] str = {};
char[] pattern = {'.'};
Solution solu = new Solution();
boolean res = solu.match(str, pattern);
System.out.println(res);
}
}
表示数值的字符串
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Solution {
public boolean isNumeric(char[] str) {
if (str==null || str.length<1)
return false;
//跳过正负号
if (str.length>0 && (str[0]=='+' || str[0]=='-'))
str = Arrays.copyOfRange(str, 1, str.length);
if (str.length==0)
return false;
boolean[] isNumeric = {true};
// 跳过0-9数字
str = scanDigits(str);
if (str.length>0) {
// 浮点数
if (str[0] == '.') {
str = Arrays.copyOfRange(str, 1, str.length);
str = scanDigits(str);
if (str.length>0 && (str[0]=='e' || str[0]=='E'))
str = isExponential(str, isNumeric);
} else if (str[0]=='e' || str[0]=='E') // 整数
str = isExponential(str, isNumeric);
else
isNumeric[0] = false;
}
return isNumeric[0] && (str.length==0);
}
public char[] scanDigits(char[] str) {
while (str.length>0 && str[0]>='0' && str[0]<='9') {
str = Arrays.copyOfRange(str, 1, str.length);
//System.out.println(String.valueOf(str));
}
return str;
}
public char[] isExponential (char[] str, boolean[] isExp) {
if (str.length>0 && str[0]!='e' && str[0]!='E') {
isExp[0] = false;
return str;
}
str = Arrays.copyOfRange(str, 1, str.length);
if (str.length>0 && (str[0]=='+' || str[0]=='-'))
str = Arrays.copyOfRange(str, 1, str.length);
if (str.length<1) {
isExp[0] = false;
return str;
}
str = scanDigits(str);
isExp[0] = (str.length==0) ? true : false;
return str;
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
boolean res = solu.isNumeric("12E3".toCharArray());
System.out.println(res);
}
}
字符流中第一个不重复的字符
public class Solution {
int[] occurrence = new int[256];
int index;
public Solution() {
for (int i=0; i<occurrence.length; i++) {
occurrence[i] = -1;
}
}
//Insert one char from stringstream
public void Insert(char ch)
{
if (occurrence[ch] == -1) //没出现过，设置为索引
occurrence[ch] = index;
else if (occurrence[ch]>=0) //已经出现过，标记为-2
occurrence[ch] = -2;
index++;
}
//return the first appearence once char in current stringstream
public char FirstAppearingOnce()
{
char ch = '#';
int minIndex = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for (int i=0; i<256; i++) {
if (occurrence[i]>=0 && occurrence[i]<minIndex) {
ch = (char)i;
minIndex = occurrence[i];
}
}
return ch;
}
}
链表中第一个不重复的字符
public class Solution {
int[] occurrence = new int[256];
int index;
public Solution() {
for (int i=0; i<occurrence.length; i++) {
occurrence[i] = -1;
}
}
//Insert one char from stringstream
public void Insert(char ch)
{
if (occurrence[ch] == -1) //没出现过，设置为索引
occurrence[ch] = index;
else if (occurrence[ch]>=0) //已经出现过，标记为-2
occurrence[ch] = -2;
index++;
}
//return the first appearence once char in current stringstream
public char FirstAppearingOnce()
{
char ch = '#';
int minIndex = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for (int i=0; i<256; i++) {
if (occurrence[i]>=0 && occurrence[i]<minIndex) {
ch = (char)i;
minIndex = occurrence[i];
}
}
return ch;
}
}
链表中环的入口结点
public class Solution {
public ListNode EntryNodeOfLoop(ListNode pHead)
{
if (pHead==null)
return null;
// 找到环中的一个结点
ListNode meetingNode = MeetingNode(pHead);
if (meetingNode==null)
return null;
// 计算环中节点的数目
int nodesInLoop = 1;
ListNode pNode1 = meetingNode;
while(pNode1.next!=meetingNode) {
pNode1 = pNode1.next;
nodesInLoop++;
}
// 移动n个
pNode1 = pHead;
for (int i=0; i<nodesInLoop; i++) {
pNode1 = pNode1.next;
}
// 同时移动pNode1和pNode2
ListNode pNode2 = pHead;
while (pNode1 != pNode2) {
pNode1 = pNode1.next;
pNode2 = pNode2.next;
}
return pNode1;
}
public ListNode MeetingNode(ListNode pHead) {
if (pHead==null) // 判空
return null;
ListNode pSlow = pHead.next; // 定义慢指针
if (pSlow==null)
return null;
ListNode pFast = pSlow.next;
while (pFast!=null && pSlow!=null) {
if (pFast==pSlow)
return pFast;
pSlow = pSlow.next; // 慢指针走一步
pFast = pFast.next; // 快指针走两步
if (pFast!=null)
pFast = pFast.next;
}
return null;
}
}
删除链表中重复的结点
class ListNode {
int val;
ListNode next = null;
ListNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
public ListNode deleteDuplication(ListNode pHead)
{
if (pHead == null)
return null;
ListNode pPreNode = null;
ListNode pNode = pHead;
while(pNode!=null) {
ListNode pNext = pNode.next;
boolean needDelete = false;
if (pNext!=null && pNext.val==pNode.val)
needDelete = true;
if (!needDelete) {//不需要删除
pPreNode = pNode;
pNode = pNode.next;
} else {
int value = pNode.val;
ListNode pToBeDel = pNode;
while(pToBeDel!=null && pToBeDel.val==value) {
pNext=pToBeDel.next;
pToBeDel = pNext;
}
if (pPreNode==null)
pHead = pNext;
else
pPreNode.next = pNext;
pNode = pNext;
}
}
return pHead;
}
}
二叉树的下一个结点
class TreeLinkNode {
int val;
TreeLinkNode left = null;
TreeLinkNode right = null;
TreeLinkNode next = null;
TreeLinkNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
public TreeLinkNode GetNext(TreeLinkNode pNode)
{
if (pNode==null)
return null;
TreeLinkNode pNext = null;
if (pNode.right != null) { // 查询点有右子树的情况
TreeLinkNode pRight = pNode.right;
while (pRight.left != null)
pRight = pRight.left;
pNext = pRight;
} else if (pNode.next != null) { // 查询点不存在右子树，存在父节点
TreeLinkNode pCurrent = pNode;
TreeLinkNode pParent = pNode.next;
while (pParent!=null && pCurrent==pParent.right) {
pCurrent = pParent;
pParent = pParent.next;
}
pNext = pParent;
}
return pNext;
}
}
对称的二叉树
class TreeNode {
int val = 0;
TreeNode left = null;
TreeNode right = null;
public TreeNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
boolean isSymmetrical(TreeNode pRoot)
{
return isSymmetrical(pRoot, pRoot);
}
boolean isSymmetrical(TreeNode pRoot1, TreeNode pRoot2) {
if (pRoot1==null && pRoot2==null) // 两个都为null
return true;
if (pRoot1==null || pRoot2==null) // 其中一个为null
return false;
if (pRoot1.val != pRoot2.val)
return false;
return isSymmetrical(pRoot1.left, pRoot2.right)
&& isSymmetrical(pRoot1.right, pRoot2.left);
}
}
按之字形顺序打印二叉树
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Stack;
class TreeNode {
int val = 0;
TreeNode left = null;
TreeNode right = null;
public TreeNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer> > Print(TreeNode pRoot) {
if (pRoot == null)
return new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer> >();
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
Stack<TreeNode> level0 = new Stack<TreeNode>();
Stack<TreeNode> level1 = new Stack<TreeNode>();
Stack<TreeNode> levelCurrent;
Stack<TreeNode> levelNext;
//Stack<TreeNode>levleOdd = new Stack<TreeNode>(); // 奇数层栈
//Stack<TreeNode>levleEven = new Stack<TreeNode>(); // 偶数层栈
int current = 0;
int next = 1;
level0.push(pRoot);
while (!level0.empty() || !level1.empty()) {
if (current == 0) {
levelCurrent = level0;
levelNext = level1;
} else {
levelCurrent = level1;
levelNext = level0;
}
ArrayList<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<Integer>();
while (!levelCurrent.empty()) {
TreeNode pNode = levelCurrent.peek();
levelCurrent.pop();
temp.add(pNode.val);
if (current==0) {
if (pNode.left != null)
levelNext.push(pNode.left);
if (pNode.right != null)
levelNext.push(pNode.right);
} else {
if (pNode.right != null)
levelNext.push(pNode.right);
if (pNode.left != null)
levelNext.push(pNode.left);
}
}
result.add(temp);
current = 1-current;
next = 1-next;
}
return result;
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
Solution solu = new Solution();
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer> > result;
TreeNode t0 = new TreeNode(8);
TreeNode t1 = new TreeNode(6);
TreeNode t2 = new TreeNode(10);
TreeNode t3 = new TreeNode(5);
TreeNode t4 = new TreeNode(7);
TreeNode t5 = new TreeNode(9);
TreeNode t6 = new TreeNode(11);
t0.left = t1;
t0.right = t2;
t1.left = t3;
t1.right = t4;
t2.left = t5;
t2.right = t6;
result = solu.Print(t0);
System.out.println(result.toString());
}
}
把二叉树打印成多行
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
class TreeNode {
int val = 0;
TreeNode left = null;
TreeNode right = null;
public TreeNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public class Solution {
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer> > Print(TreeNode pRoot) {
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
if (pRoot == null)
return result;
Queue<TreeNode> nodes = new LinkedList<TreeNode>(); //创建队列
nodes.add(pRoot);
int nextLevel = 0; // 下一层点数
int toBePrinted = 1; // 当前层中还没有打印的点数
while (!nodes.isEmpty()) {
ArrayList<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<Integer>();
while (toBePrinted > 0) {
TreeNode pNode = nodes.peek();
temp.add(pNode.val);
if (pNode.left != null) {
nodes.add(pNode.left);
nextLevel++; // 下一层增加一个结点
}
if (pNode.right != null) {
nodes.add(pNode.right);
nextLevel++;
}
nodes.poll();
toBePrinted--;
}
result.add(temp);
toBePrinted = nextLevel;
nextLevel = 0;
}
return result;
}
}
序列化二叉树
二叉搜索树的第k个结点
数据流中的中位数
滑动窗口的最大值
矩阵中的路径
机器人的运动范围
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