Linux学习-二进制包安装mysql

环境：CentOS6.10,mysql5.6.10

1. 到mysql官网上下载mysql二进制包程序
2. 解压mysql二进制包到/usr/local目录下

[root@lotus ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

3. 创建mysql链接

[root@lotus local]# ln -sv mysql-5.6.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
`mysql' -> `mysql-5.6.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64'
[root@lotus local]# ll
total 56
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Apr 13 16:07 apache
drwxr-xr-x.  6 root root 4096 Apr 12 16:38 apr
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root root 4096 Apr 13 16:04 apr-util
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 games
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 include
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   34 Apr 14 07:03 mysql -> mysql-5.6.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

4. 添加mysql组，mysql用户

[root@lotus ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@lotus ~]# useradd -g 306 -r -u 306 mysql
[root@lotus ~]# id mysql
uid=306(mysql) gid=306(mysql) groups=306(mysql)

5. 修改mysql文件目录的属主，属组

#进入mysql目录
[root@lotus mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql
#修改文件的属主，属组为mysql
[root@lotus mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql .
#初使化mysql,建议将数据库文件放到一个独立的分区，独立的逻辑卷上面，本文简单放入至单独的目录【/data】
[root@lotus mysql]# mkdir /data
[root@lotus mysql]# chown mysql.mysql /data
#减小其它用户权限为不能访问
[root@lotus mysql]# chmod o-x /data
#初使化mysql服务器
[root@lotus mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/
#修改mysql目录下的文件的属主为root
[root@lotus mysql]# chown -R root .
[root@lotus mysql]# ll
total 84
drwxr-xr-x  2 root mysql  4096 Apr 14 06:59 bin
-rw-r--r--  1 root mysql 17987 Jan 23  2013 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x  4 root mysql  4096 Apr 14 07:16 data
drwxr-xr-x  2 root mysql  4096 Apr 14 06:59 docs
drwxr-xr-x  3 root mysql  4096 Apr 14 06:59 include
-rw-r--r--  1 root mysql  7468 Jan 23  2013 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x  3 root mysql  4096 Apr 14 06:59 lib
drwxr-xr-x  4 root mysql  4096 Apr 14 06:59 man
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    943 Apr 14 07:16 my.cnf
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    943 Apr 14 07:16 my-new.cnf
drwxr-xr-x 10 root mysql  4096 Apr 14 06:59 mysql-test
-rw-r--r--  1 root mysql  2552 Jan 23  2013 README
drwxr-xr-x  2 root mysql  4096 Apr 14 06:59 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 28 root mysql  4096 Apr 14 06:59 share
drwxr-xr-x  4 root mysql  4096 Apr 14 06:59 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x  3 root mysql  4096 Apr 14 06:59 support-files
#复制mysql启动脚本至/etc/init.d目录下
[root@lotus mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#加入开机启动列表
[root@lotus mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@lotus mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld         	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off

mysql配置文件[/etc/my.cnf],集中式配置文件，可以为多个程序提供配置

• [mysql]客户端
• [mysqld]服务器端
• [client]对服务器，客户端都生效
  mysql配置文件的查找顺序
  /etc/my.cnf–>/etc/mysql/my.cnf->BASEDIR【mysql实例的执行目录】/my.cnf–>$DATADIR/my.cnf–>用户家目录~/.my.cnf
  如配置文件中出现冲突，则以最后一个配置为准

[root@lotus mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data
port = 3306
# server_id = .....
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
thread_cache_size=8
query_cache_size=16M
sort_buffer_size=1M
read_buffer_size=1M
read_rnd_buffer_size=4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M
max_allowed_packet=1M
key_buffer_size=256M
skip-external-locking
thread_concurrency=2
#启动mysql
[root@lotus mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

6. 添加/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh文件，增加mysql的bin目录到环境变量

[root@lotus bin]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

[root@lotus bin]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@lotus bin]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

7. 输出mysql的头文件和库文件

#将mysql的库文件输出
[root@lotus bin]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql-x86_64.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
#重新读取库文件
[root@lotus bin]# ldconfig -v
#库文件的缓存文件
[root@lotus bin]# ls -l /etc/ld.so.cache
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30648 Apr 14 15:28 /etc/ld.so.cache
#输出头文件，创建一个软链接
[root@lotus bin]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
`/usr/include/mysql' -> `/usr/local/mysql/include'

MySQL服务器维护了两种类型的变量

• 服务器变量：定义MySQL服务器运行特性
  show global variables [like ‘string’];;
• 状态变量：保存了MySQL服务器运行统计数据
  show global status [like ‘string’];
  MySQL通配符：
• _：任意单个字符
• %：任意长度的任意字符

#显示mysql版本号
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.6.10    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#显示当前默认的数据库
mysql> select database();
+--------------------+
| database()         |
+--------------------+
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#显示当前用户
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user()         |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)