将Matplotlib嵌入wxPython的GUI界面中

Matplotlib 是一个 Python 的 2D绘图库，它以各种硬拷贝格式和跨平台的交互式环境生成出版质量级别的图形。

有时候，我们想把matplotlib嵌入到wxpython，这样再利用pyinstaller打包便可形成一个脱离python编译器独立的画图工具。

下面是将matplotlib嵌入到wxpython的代码。

参考资料：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10737459/embedding-a-matplotlib-figure-inside-a-wxpython-panel

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import wx
import numpy as np
import matplotlib

# matplotlib采用WXAgg为后台,将matplotlib嵌入wxPython中
matplotlib.use("WXAgg")

from matplotlib.backends.backend_wxagg import FigureCanvasWxAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_wxagg import NavigationToolbar2WxAgg as NavigationToolbar
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator, FuncFormatter

import pylab
from matplotlib import pyplot


######################################################################################
class MPL_Panel_base(wx.Panel):
    ''''' #MPL_Panel_base面板,可以继承或者创建实例'''

    def __init__(self, parent):
        wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent=parent, id=-1)

        self.Figure = matplotlib.figure.Figure(figsize=(4, 3))
        self.axes = self.Figure.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8])
        self.FigureCanvas = FigureCanvas(self, -1, self.Figure)

        self.NavigationToolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.FigureCanvas)

        self.StaticText = wx.StaticText(self, -1, label='Show Help String')

        self.SubBoxSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        self.SubBoxSizer.Add(self.NavigationToolbar, proportion=0, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.SubBoxSizer.Add(self.StaticText, proportion=-1, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.TopBoxSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        self.TopBoxSizer.Add(self.SubBoxSizer, proportion=-1, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.TopBoxSizer.Add(self.FigureCanvas, proportion=-10, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.SetSizer(self.TopBoxSizer)

        ###方便调用
        self.pylab = pylab
        self.pl = pylab
        self.pyplot = pyplot
        self.numpy = np
        self.np = np
        self.plt = pyplot

    def UpdatePlot(self):
        '''''#修改图形的任何属性后都必须使用self.UpdatePlot()更新GUI界面 '''
        self.FigureCanvas.draw()

    def plot(self, *args, **kwargs):
        '''''#最常用的绘图命令plot '''
        self.axes.plot(*args, **kwargs)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def semilogx(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''''' #对数坐标绘图命令 '''
        self.axes.semilogx(*args, **kwargs)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def semilogy(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''''' #对数坐标绘图命令 '''
        self.axes.semilogy(*args, **kwargs)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def loglog(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''''' #对数坐标绘图命令 '''
        self.axes.loglog(*args, **kwargs)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def grid(self, flag=True):
        ''''' ##显示网格  '''
        if flag:
            self.axes.grid()
        else:
            self.axes.grid(False)

    def title_MPL(self, TitleString="wxMatPlotLib Example In wxPython"):
        ''''' # 给图像添加一个标题   '''
        self.axes.set_title(TitleString)

    def xlabel(self, XabelString="X"):
        ''''' # Add xlabel to the plotting    '''
        self.axes.set_xlabel(XabelString)

    def ylabel(self, YabelString="Y"):
        ''''' # Add ylabel to the plotting '''
        self.axes.set_ylabel(YabelString)

    def xticker(self, major_ticker=1.0, minor_ticker=0.1):
        ''''' # 设置X轴的刻度大小 '''
        self.axes.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(major_ticker))
        self.axes.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(minor_ticker))

    def yticker(self, major_ticker=1.0, minor_ticker=0.1):
        ''''' # 设置Y轴的刻度大小 '''
        self.axes.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(major_ticker))
        self.axes.yaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(minor_ticker))

    def legend(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''''' #图例legend for the plotting  '''
        self.axes.legend(*args, **kwargs)

    def xlim(self, x_min, x_max):
        ''' # 设置x轴的显示范围  '''
        self.axes.set_xlim(x_min, x_max)

    def ylim(self, y_min, y_max):
        ''' # 设置y轴的显示范围   '''
        self.axes.set_ylim(y_min, y_max)

    def savefig(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''' #保存图形到文件 '''
        self.Figure.savefig(*args, **kwargs)

    def cla(self):
        ''' # 再次画图前,必须调用该命令清空原来的图形  '''
        self.axes.clear()
        self.Figure.set_canvas(self.FigureCanvas)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def ShowHelpString(self, HelpString="Show Help String"):
        ''''' #可以用它来显示一些帮助信息,如鼠标位置等 '''
        self.StaticText.SetLabel(HelpString)

        ################################################################


class MPL_Panel(MPL_Panel_base):
    ''''' #MPL_Panel重要面板,可以继承或者创建实例 '''

    def __init__(self, parent):
        MPL_Panel_base.__init__(self, parent=parent)

        # 测试一下
        self.FirstPlot()


        # 仅仅用于测试和初始化,意义不大

    def FirstPlot(self):
        # self.rc('lines',lw=5,c='r')
        self.cla()
        x = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
        y = np.sin(x)
        self.yticker(0.5, 0.1)
        self.xticker(1.0, 0.2)
        self.xlabel('X')
        self.ylabel('Y')
        self.title_MPL("图像")
        self.grid()
        self.plot(x, y, '--^g')


        ###############################################################################


# MPL_Frame添加了MPL_Panel的1个实例
###############################################################################
class MPL_Frame(wx.Frame):
    """MPL_Frame可以继承,并可修改,或者直接使用"""

    def __init__(self, title="MPL_Frame Example In wxPython", size=(800, 500)):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title=title, size=size)

        self.MPL = MPL_Panel_base(self)

        # 创建FlexGridSizer
        self.FlexGridSizer = wx.FlexGridSizer(rows=9, cols=1, vgap=5, hgap=5)
        self.FlexGridSizer.SetFlexibleDirection(wx.BOTH)

        self.RightPanel = wx.Panel(self, -1)

        # 测试按钮1
        self.Button1 = wx.Button(self.RightPanel, -1, "刷新", size=(100, 40), pos=(10, 10))
        self.Button1.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Button1Event)

        # 测试按钮2
        self.Button2 = wx.Button(self.RightPanel, -1, "关于", size=(100, 40), pos=(10, 10))
        self.Button2.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Button2Event)

        # 加入Sizer中
        self.FlexGridSizer.Add(self.Button1, proportion=0, border=5, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.FlexGridSizer.Add(self.Button2, proportion=0, border=5, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.RightPanel.SetSizer(self.FlexGridSizer)

        self.BoxSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.MPL, proportion=-10, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.RightPanel, proportion=0, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.SetSizer(self.BoxSizer)

        # 状态栏
        self.StatusBar()

        # MPL_Frame界面居中显示
        self.Centre(wx.BOTH)



        # 按钮事件,用于测试

    def Button1Event(self, event):
        self.MPL.cla()  # 必须清理图形,才能显示下一幅图
        x = np.arange(-10, 10, 0.25)
        y = np.cos(x)
        self.MPL.plot(x, y, '--*g')
        self.MPL.xticker(2.0, 0.5)
        self.MPL.yticker(0.5, 0.1)
        self.MPL.title_MPL("MPL1")
        self.MPL.ShowHelpString("You Can Show MPL Helpful String Here !")
        self.MPL.grid()
        self.MPL.UpdatePlot()  # 必须刷新才能显示

    def Button2Event(self, event):
        self.AboutDialog()


        # 打开文件,用于测试

        def DoOpenFile(self):
            wildcard = r"Data files (*.dat)|*.dat|Text files (*.txt)|*.txt|ALL Files (*.*)|*.*"
            open_dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, message='Choose a file', wildcard=wildcard, style='')
            if open_dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
                path = open_dlg.GetPath()
                try:
                    file = open(path, 'r')
                    text = file.read()
                    file.close()
                except:
                    dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self, 'Error opening file\n')
                    dlg.ShowModal()

            open_dlg.Destroy()



        # 自动创建状态栏

    def StatusBar(self):
        self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()
        self.statusbar.SetFieldsCount(3)
        self.statusbar.SetStatusWidths([-2, -2, -1])


        # About对话框

    def AboutDialog(self):
        dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self,
                               '\twxMatPlotLib\t\nMPL_Panel_base,MPL_Panel,MPL_Frame and MPL2_Frame \n Created by Wu Xuping\n Version 1.0.0 \n 2012-02-01',
                               'About MPL_Frame and MPL_Panel', wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
        dlg.ShowModal()
        dlg.Destroy()

        ###############################################################################


###  MPL2_Frame添加了MPL_Panel的两个实例
###############################################################################
class MPL2_Frame(wx.Frame):
    """MPL2_Frame可以继承,并可修改,或者直接使用"""

    def __init__(self, title="MPL2_Frame Example In wxPython", size=(850, 500)):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title=title, size=size)

        self.BoxSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)

        self.MPL1 = MPL_Panel_base(self)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.MPL1, proportion=-1, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.MPL2 = MPL_Panel_base(self)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.MPL2, proportion=-1, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.RightPanel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.RightPanel, proportion=0, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.SetSizer(self.BoxSizer)

        # 创建FlexGridSizer
        self.FlexGridSizer = wx.FlexGridSizer(rows=9, cols=1, vgap=5, hgap=5)
        self.FlexGridSizer.SetFlexibleDirection(wx.BOTH)

        # 测试按钮1
        self.Button1 = wx.Button(self.RightPanel, -1, "TestButton", size=(100, 40), pos=(10, 10))
        self.Button1.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Button1Event)

        # 测试按钮2
        self.Button2 = wx.Button(self.RightPanel, -1, "AboutButton", size=(100, 40), pos=(10, 10))
        self.Button2.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Button2Event)

        # 加入Sizer中
        self.FlexGridSizer.Add(self.Button1, proportion=0, border=5, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.FlexGridSizer.Add(self.Button2, proportion=0, border=5, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.RightPanel.SetSizer(self.FlexGridSizer)

        # 状态栏
        self.StatusBar()

        # MPL2_Frame界面居中显示
        self.Centre(wx.BOTH)



        # 按钮事件,用于测试

    def Button1Event(self, event):
        self.MPL1.cla()  # 必须清理图形,才能显示下一幅图
        x = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.2)
        y = np.cos(x)
        self.MPL1.plot(x, y, '--*g')
        self.MPL1.xticker(2.0, 1.0)
        self.MPL1.yticker(0.5, 0.1)
        self.MPL1.title_MPL("MPL1")
        self.MPL1.ShowHelpString("You Can Show MPL1 Helpful String Here !")
        self.MPL1.grid()
        self.MPL1.UpdatePlot()  # 必须刷新才能显示

        self.MPL2.cla()
        self.MPL2.plot(x, np.sin(x), ':^b')
        self.MPL2.xticker(1.0, 0.5)
        self.MPL2.yticker(0.2, 0.1)
        self.MPL2.title_MPL("MPL2")
        self.MPL2.grid()
        self.MPL2.UpdatePlot()

    def Button2Event(self, event):
        self.AboutDialog()



        # 自动创建状态栏

    def StatusBar(self):
        self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()
        self.statusbar.SetFieldsCount(3)
        self.statusbar.SetStatusWidths([-2, -2, -1])


        # About对话框

    def AboutDialog(self):
        dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self,
                               '\twxMatPlotLib\t\nMPL_Panel_base,MPL_Panel,MPL_Frame and MPL2_Frame \n Created by Wu Xuping\n Version 1.0.0 \n 2012-02-01',
                               'About MPL_Frame and MPL_Panel', wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
        dlg.ShowModal()
        dlg.Destroy()




        ########################################################################


# 主程序测试
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = MPL2_Frame()
    #frame = MPL_Frame()
    frame.Center()
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()