迪文 51单片机，全局变量、静态变量初始化失败，修正

1. 问题

• 51单片机全局变量常量的初始化，static code const
• 函数内部静态变量初始化也失败，例如

void fun()
{
	static int a = 5;
	printf("a %d\n", a); //输入的不一定是5，是之前这个地址的值（随机值）
}

2. 解决方案

替换STARTUP_MA.A51启动文件

3. 问题启动文件

$NOMOD51
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;  This file is part of the C51 Compiler package
;  Startup Code for the Capital Micro AS1E5 device
;  Copyright (c) 2001-2005 Keil Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc.
;  Version 1.00
;
;  *** <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>> ***
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;  STARTUP_AS1E5.A51:  This code is executed after processor reset.
;
;  To translate this file use A51 with the following invocation:
;
;     A51 STARTUP_CME3000.A51
;
;  To link the modified STARTUP_CME3000.OBJ file to your application use the following
;  Lx51 invocation:
;
;     Lx51 your object file list, STARTUP_CME3000.OBJ  controls
;
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                CSEG    AT  0F8H
                DB  0FFH,0FFH
                DB  'DWINT5'

                EXTRN CODE (?C_START)

                LJMP    ?C_START

                END

4. 新的启动文件

$NOMOD51
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;  This file is part of the C51 Compiler package
;  Copyright (c) 1988-2005 Keil Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc.
;  Version 8.01
;
;  *** <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>> ***
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;  STARTUP.A51:  This code is executed after processor reset.
;
;  To translate this file use A51 with the following invocation:
;
;     A51 STARTUP.A51
;
;  To link the modified STARTUP.OBJ file to your application use the following
;  Lx51 invocation:
;
;     Lx51 your object file list, STARTUP.OBJ  controls
;
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
;  User-defined <h> Power-On Initialization of Memory
;
;  With the following EQU statements the initialization of memory
;  at processor reset can be defined:
;
; <o> IDATALEN: IDATA memory size <0x0-0x100>
;     <i> Note: The absolute start-address of IDATA memory is always 0
;     <i>       The IDATA space overlaps physically the DATA and BIT areas.
IDATALEN        EQU     80H
;
; <o> XDATASTART: XDATA memory start address <0x0-0xFFFF> 
;     <i> The absolute start address of XDATA memory
XDATASTART      EQU     0     
;
; <o> XDATALEN: XDATA memory size <0x0-0xFFFF> 
;     <i> The length of XDATA memory in bytes.
XDATALEN        EQU     0      
;
; <o> PDATASTART: PDATA memory start address <0x0-0xFFFF> 
;     <i> The absolute start address of PDATA memory
PDATASTART      EQU     0H
;
; <o> PDATALEN: PDATA memory size <0x0-0xFF> 
;     <i> The length of PDATA memory in bytes.
PDATALEN        EQU     0H
;
;</h>
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
;<h> Reentrant Stack Initialization
;
;  The following EQU statements define the stack pointer for reentrant
;  functions and initialized it:
;
; <h> Stack Space for reentrant functions in the SMALL model.
;  <q> IBPSTACK: Enable SMALL model reentrant stack
;     <i> Stack space for reentrant functions in the SMALL model.
IBPSTACK        EQU     0       ; set to 1 if small reentrant is used.
;  <o> IBPSTACKTOP: End address of SMALL model stack <0x0-0xFF>
;     <i> Set the top of the stack to the highest location.
IBPSTACKTOP     EQU     0xFF +1     ; default 0FFH+1  
; </h>
;
; <h> Stack Space for reentrant functions in the LARGE model.      
;  <q> XBPSTACK: Enable LARGE model reentrant stack
;     <i> Stack space for reentrant functions in the LARGE model.
XBPSTACK        EQU     0       ; set to 1 if large reentrant is used.
;  <o> XBPSTACKTOP: End address of LARGE model stack <0x0-0xFFFF>
;     <i> Set the top of the stack to the highest location.
XBPSTACKTOP     EQU     0xFFFF +1   ; default 0FFFFH+1 
; </h>
;
; <h> Stack Space for reentrant functions in the COMPACT model.    
;  <q> PBPSTACK: Enable COMPACT model reentrant stack
;     <i> Stack space for reentrant functions in the COMPACT model.
PBPSTACK        EQU     0       ; set to 1 if compact reentrant is used.
;
;   <o> PBPSTACKTOP: End address of COMPACT model stack <0x0-0xFFFF>
;     <i> Set the top of the stack to the highest location.
PBPSTACKTOP     EQU     0xFF +1     ; default 0FFH+1  
; </h>
;</h>
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
;  Memory Page for Using the Compact Model with 64 KByte xdata RAM
;  <e>Compact Model Page Definition
;
;  <i>Define the XDATA page used for PDATA variables. 
;  <i>PPAGE must conform with the PPAGE set in the linker invocation.
;
; Enable pdata memory page initalization
PPAGEENABLE     EQU     0       ; set to 1 if pdata object are used.
;
; <o> PPAGE number <0x0-0xFF> 
; <i> uppermost 256-byte address of the page used for PDATA variables.
PPAGE           EQU     0
;
; <o> SFR address which supplies uppermost address byte <0x0-0xFF> 
; <i> most 8051 variants use P2 as uppermost address byte
PPAGE_SFR       DATA    0A0H
;
; </e>
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------

; Standard SFR Symbols 
ACC     DATA    0E0H
B       DATA    0F0H
SP      DATA    81H
DPL     DATA    82H
DPH     DATA    83H
CKCON		DATA	8EH
DPC		DATA	93H
DAGESEL   	DATA  	94H	
D_PAGESEL  	DATA  	95H
T2CON		DATA	0C8H
MUX_SEL		DATA	0C9H
RAMMODE		DATA	0F8H

                NAME    ?C_STARTUP


?C_C51STARTUP   SEGMENT   CODE
?STACK          SEGMENT   IDATA

                RSEG    ?STACK
                DS      30

                EXTRN CODE (?C_START)
                PUBLIC  ?C_STARTUP

                CSEG    AT      0
?C_STARTUP:     LJMP    STARTUP1

		CSEG    AT  0F8H
		DB  0FFH,0FFH		;加密写 00H 00H
		DB  'DWINT5'

                RSEG    ?C_C51STARTUP

STARTUP1:	
		;T5L 初始化必须的代码
		;MOV  	DAGESEL,#01H   
		;MOV  	D_PAGESEL,#02H	
		;MOV	CKCON,#00H
		;MOV	DPC,#00H
		;MOV	T2CON,#70H
		;MOV	MUX_SEL,#60H	;WDT OFF
		;MOV	RAMMODE,#00H	;释放APP RAM	


;一, 在 startup.a51中添加
  MOV   DAGESEL,  #01H                        ;64K代码空间 
  MOV   D_PAGESEL,#02H                     ;32K xdata 空间 0x8000 -0xffff 
  MOV   CKCON,    #00H                     ;cpu运行在1T模式
  MOV	DPC,	  #00H                                 ;标准模式,需要指令操作xdata 的 dptr 的增减
  MOV 	T2CON,	  #70H                             ;T2 自动填装
  ;MOV 	MUX_SEL,  #00H                         ;WDT OFF,
  MOV 	MUX_SEL,  #60H                         ;WDT OFF,Uart2引出P04,P05  Uart3引出P06,P07
  MOV 	RAMMODE,  #00H 
;必须在 startup.a51中第一条MOVX 指令之前的任意位置.



IF IDATALEN <> 0		  
                MOV     R0,#IDATALEN - 1
                CLR     A
IDATALOOP:      MOV     @R0,A
                DJNZ    R0,IDATALOOP
ENDIF

IF XDATALEN <> 0
                MOV     DPTR,#XDATASTART
                MOV     R7,#LOW (XDATALEN)
  IF (LOW (XDATALEN)) <> 0
                MOV     R6,#(HIGH (XDATALEN)) +1
  ELSE
                MOV     R6,#HIGH (XDATALEN)
  ENDIF
                CLR     A
XDATALOOP:      MOVX    @DPTR,A
                INC     DPTR
                DJNZ    R7,XDATALOOP
                DJNZ    R6,XDATALOOP
ENDIF

IF PPAGEENABLE <> 0
                MOV     PPAGE_SFR,#PPAGE
ENDIF

IF PDATALEN <> 0
                MOV     R0,#LOW (PDATASTART)
                MOV     R7,#LOW (PDATALEN)
                CLR     A
PDATALOOP:      MOVX    @R0,A
                INC     R0
                DJNZ    R7,PDATALOOP
ENDIF

IF IBPSTACK <> 0
EXTRN DATA (?C_IBP)

                MOV     ?C_IBP,#LOW IBPSTACKTOP
ENDIF

IF XBPSTACK <> 0
EXTRN DATA (?C_XBP)

                MOV     ?C_XBP,#HIGH XBPSTACKTOP
                MOV     ?C_XBP+1,#LOW XBPSTACKTOP
ENDIF

IF PBPSTACK <> 0
EXTRN DATA (?C_PBP)
                MOV     ?C_PBP,#LOW PBPSTACKTOP
ENDIF

                MOV     SP,#?STACK-1

; This code is required if you use L51_BANK.A51 with Banking Mode 4
;<h> Code Banking
; <q> Select Bank 0 for L51_BANK.A51 Mode 4
#if 0   
;     <i> Initialize bank mechanism to code bank 0 when using L51_BANK.A51 with Banking Mode 4.
EXTRN CODE (?B_SWITCH0)
                CALL    ?B_SWITCH0      ; init bank mechanism to code bank 0
#endif
;</h>
                LJMP    ?C_START

                END