1、前言
Gradle的命令有很多，熟悉常用命令之后，在日常开发中，不仅可以提升效率，也可以辅助我们快速定位并解决编译问题；而且某些情况下命令行(CLI)与按钮执行的编译结果是不一样的，比如构建时要传参(-P)，所以就单拎出来一篇讲解，希望对你有帮助~
1、Gradle命令
1.1、gradlew
Gradle执行命令行主要用到的是Gradle Wrapper，关于Gradle Wrapper的介绍，在前文(【Gradle-2】一文搞懂Gradle配置)中有介绍，这里不再赘述。
所以我们常用的./gradlew(Mac)，gradlew即Gradle Wrapper的简写。
Gradle Wrapper工作流：
再来看下gradlew的脚本内容
#!/usr/bin/env sh
#
# Copyright 2015 the original author or authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
##############################################################################
##
## Gradle start up script for UN*X
##
##############################################################################
# Attempt to set APP_HOME
# Resolve links: $0 may be a link
PRG="$0"
# Need this for relative symlinks.
while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
PRG="$link"
else
PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`"/$link"
fi
done
SAVED="`pwd`"
cd "`dirname \"$PRG\"`/" >/dev/null
APP_HOME="`pwd -P`"
cd "$SAVED" >/dev/null
APP_NAME="Gradle"
APP_BASE_NAME=`basename "$0"`
# Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'
# Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value.
MAX_FD="maximum"
warn () {
echo "$*"
}
die () {
echo
echo "$*"
echo
exit 1
}
# OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false').
cygwin=false
msys=false
darwin=false
nonstop=false
case "`uname`" in
CYGWIN* )
cygwin=true
;;
Darwin* )
darwin=true
;;
MINGW* )
msys=true
;;
NONSTOP* )
nonstop=true
;;
esac
CLASSPATH=$APP_HOME/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
# Determine the Java command to use to start the JVM.
if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then
# IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java"
else
JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
fi
if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: $JAVA_HOME
Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
location of your Java installation."
fi
else
JAVACMD="java"
which java >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
location of your Java installation."
fi
# Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can.
if [ "$cygwin" = "false" -a "$darwin" = "false" -a "$nonstop" = "false" ] ; then
MAX_FD_LIMIT=`ulimit -H -n`
if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
if [ "$MAX_FD" = "maximum" -o "$MAX_FD" = "max" ] ; then
MAX_FD="$MAX_FD_LIMIT"
fi
ulimit -n $MAX_FD
if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD"
fi
else
warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD_LIMIT"
fi
fi
# For Darwin, add options to specify how the application appears in the dock
if $darwin; then
GRADLE_OPTS="$GRADLE_OPTS \"-Xdock:name=$APP_NAME\" \"-Xdock:icon=$APP_HOME/media/gradle.icns\""
fi
# For Cygwin or MSYS, switch paths to Windows format before running java
if [ "$cygwin" = "true" -o "$msys" = "true" ] ; then
APP_HOME=`cygpath --path --mixed "$APP_HOME"`
CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --mixed "$CLASSPATH"`
JAVACMD=`cygpath --unix "$JAVACMD"`
# We build the pattern for arguments to be converted via cygpath
ROOTDIRSRAW=`find -L / -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d 2>/dev/null`
SEP=""
for dir in $ROOTDIRSRAW ; do
ROOTDIRS="$ROOTDIRS$SEP$dir"
SEP="|"
done
OURCYGPATTERN="(^($ROOTDIRS))"
# Add a user-defined pattern to the cygpath arguments
if [ "$GRADLE_CYGPATTERN" != "" ] ; then
OURCYGPATTERN="$OURCYGPATTERN|($GRADLE_CYGPATTERN)"
fi
# Now convert the arguments - kludge to limit ourselves to /bin/sh
i=0
for arg in "$@" ; do
CHECK=`echo "$arg"|egrep -c "$OURCYGPATTERN" -`
CHECK2=`echo "$arg"|egrep -c "^-"` ### Determine if an option
if [ $CHECK -ne 0 ] && [ $CHECK2 -eq 0 ] ; then ### Added a condition
eval `echo args$i`=`cygpath --path --ignore --mixed "$arg"`
else
eval `echo args$i`="\"$arg\""
fi
i=`expr $i + 1`
done
case $i in
0) set -- ;;
1) set -- "$args0" ;;
2) set -- "$args0" "$args1" ;;
3) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" ;;
4) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" ;;
5) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" ;;
6) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" ;;
7) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" ;;
8) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" "$args7" ;;
9) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" "$args7" "$args8" ;;
esac
fi
# Escape application args
save () {
for i do printf %s\\n "$i" | sed "s/'/'\\\\''/g;1s/^/'/;\$s/\$/' \\\\/" ; done
echo " "
}
APP_ARGS=`save "$@"`
# Collect all arguments for the java command, following the shell quoting and substitution rules
eval set -- $DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS $JAVA_OPTS $GRADLE_OPTS "\"-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain "$APP_ARGS"
exec "$JAVACMD" "$@"
代码量不多，gradlew主要干了几件事：
- 获取电脑系统内核的信息，JRE环境信息等；
- 设置classpath路径；
- 执行java命令工具，调用gradle jar包的class文件；
1.2、命令大全
当我们想知道一个工具有哪些命令的时候，最简单直接的方式就是使用help命令查看支持哪些，然后从中找到我们想要的。
执行：
./gradlew --help
输出：
USAGE: gradlew [option...] [task...]
-?, -h, --help Shows this help message.
-a, --no-rebuild Do not rebuild project dependencies.
-b, --build-file Specify the build file. [deprecated]
--build-cache Enables the Gradle build cache. Gradle will try to reuse outputs from previous builds.
-c, --settings-file Specify the settings file. [deprecated]
--configuration-cache Enables the configuration cache. Gradle will try to reuse the build configuration from previous builds. [incubating]
--configuration-cache-problems Configures how the configuration cache handles problems (fail or warn). Defaults to fail. [incubating]
--configure-on-demand Configure necessary projects only. Gradle will attempt to reduce configuration time for large multi-project builds. [incubating]
--console Specifies which type of console output to generate. Values are 'plain', 'auto' (default), 'rich' or 'verbose'.
--continue Continue task execution after a task failure.
-D, --system-prop Set system property of the JVM (e.g. -Dmyprop=myvalue).
-d, --debug Log in debug mode (includes normal stacktrace).
--daemon Uses the Gradle daemon to run the build. Starts the daemon if not running.
--export-keys Exports the public keys used for dependency verification.
-F, --dependency-verification Configures the dependency verification mode. Values are 'strict', 'lenient' or 'off'.
--foreground Starts the Gradle daemon in the foreground.
-g, --gradle-user-home Specifies the Gradle user home directory. Defaults to ~/.gradle
-I, --init-script Specify an initialization script.
-i, --info Set log level to info.
--include-build Include the specified build in the composite.
-M, --write-verification-metadata Generates checksums for dependencies used in the project (comma-separated list)
-m, --dry-run Run the builds with all task actions disabled.
--max-workers Configure the number of concurrent workers Gradle is allowed to use.
--no-build-cache Disables the Gradle build cache.
--no-configuration-cache Disables the configuration cache. [incubating]
--no-configure-on-demand Disables the use of configuration on demand. [incubating]
--no-daemon Do not use the Gradle daemon to run the build. Useful occasionally if you have configured Gradle to always run with the daemon by default.
--no-parallel Disables parallel execution to build projects.
--no-scan Disables the creation of a build scan. For more information about build scans, please visit https://gradle.com/build-scans.
--no-watch-fs Disables watching the file system.
--offline Execute the build without accessing network resources.
-P, --project-prop Set project property for the build script (e.g. -Pmyprop=myvalue).
-p, --project-dir Specifies the start directory for Gradle. Defaults to current directory.
--parallel Build projects in parallel. Gradle will attempt to determine the optimal number of executor threads to use.
--priority Specifies the scheduling priority for the Gradle daemon and all processes launched by it. Values are 'normal' (default) or 'low'
--profile Profile build execution time and generates a report in the <build_dir>/reports/profile directory.
--project-cache-dir Specify the project-specific cache directory. Defaults to .gradle in the root project directory.
-q, --quiet Log errors only.
--refresh-dependencies Refresh the state of dependencies.
--refresh-keys Refresh the public keys used for dependency verification.
--rerun-tasks Ignore previously cached task results.
-S, --full-stacktrace Print out the full (very verbose) stacktrace for all exceptions.
-s, --stacktrace Print out the stacktrace for all exceptions.
--scan Creates a build scan. Gradle will emit a warning if the build scan plugin has not been applied. (https://gradle.com/build-scans)
--status Shows status of running and recently stopped Gradle daemon(s).
--stop Stops the Gradle daemon if it is running.
-t, --continuous Enables continuous build. Gradle does not exit and will re-execute tasks when task file inputs change.
--update-locks Perform a partial update of the dependency lock, letting passed in module notations change version. [incubating]
-v, --version Print version info.
-w, --warn Set log level to warn.
--warning-mode Specifies which mode of warnings to generate. Values are 'all', 'fail', 'summary'(default) or 'none'
--watch-fs Enables watching the file system for changes, allowing data about the file system to be re-used for the next build.
--write-locks Persists dependency resolution for locked configurations, ignoring existing locking information if it exists
-x, --exclude-task Specify a task to be excluded from execution.
简写：
./gradlew -？
// or
./gradlew -h
可以看到上面的输出已经列出来了很多命令，可能有些见过有些没见过，下面将把常用的提炼出来讲解，并进行分类。
1.3、命令结构
gradle [taskName...] [--option-name...]
多个任务用空格分隔。
2、Gradle相关
2.1、查看Gradle版本
常见的查看Gradle版本有两种方式。
第一种是直接在gradle>wrapper>gradle-wrapper.properties文件下查看distributionUrl所使用的gradle版本下载地址：
distributionUrl=https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.4-bin.zip
这里的distributionUrl即表示当前所用的gradle版本为7.4。
第二种就是使用命令行的方式查看当前版本。
执行：
./gradlew -version
// or
./gradlew -v
输出：
------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 7.4
------------------------------------------------------------
Build time: 2022-02-08 09:58:38 UTC
Revision: f0d9291c04b90b59445041eaa75b2ee744162586
Kotlin: 1.5.31
Groovy: 3.0.9
Ant: Apache Ant(TM) version 1.10.11 compiled on July 10 2021
JVM: 11 (Oracle Corporation 11+28)
OS: Mac OS X 10.16 x86_64
2.2、升级Gradle
常见的升级Gradle有3种方式。
第一种，先手动修改wrapper.properties文件下distributionUrl指向的版本，再手动修改Android Gradle Plugin(AGP)版本，然后重新sync。
第二种，打开file>Project Structure修改AGP和Gradle的版本，然后apply。
第三种，用命令行的方式(官方推荐，不过跟着AS一起升也是可以的)：
./gradlew wrapper --gradle-version 7.5.1
3、编译命令
3.1、检查依赖并编译打包
./gradlew build
3.2、编译并打出Debug包
./gradlew assembleDebug
3.3、编译打出Debug包并安装
./gradlew installDebug
3.4、编译并打出Release包
./gradlew assembleRelease
3.5、编译打出Release包并安装
./gradlew installRelease
3.6、Debug/Release编译并打印日志
./gradlew assembleDebug --info
// or
./gradlew assembleRelease --info
4、清除命令
清除构建目录下的产物。
./gradlew clean
等同于Build->Clean Project。
5、卸载命令
5.1、卸载Debug/Release安装包
./gradlew uninstallDebug
// or
./gradlew uninstallRelease
输出：
Uninstalling com.yechaoa.gradlex (from app:debug) from device 'Pixel_5_API_31(AVD) - 12' (emulator-5554).
Uninstalled com.yechaoa.gradlex from 1 device.
5.2、adb卸载
在Android Studio中执行是直接卸载的当前项目安装包，如果是adb执行则需要指定包名。
adb uninstall com.yechaoa.gradlex
6、调试命令
调试命令在定位编译问题的时候非常有用。
当我们遇到编译错误的时候，经常会看到这个提示：
* Try:
> Run gradle tasks to get a list of available tasks.
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.
6.1、编译并打印堆栈日志
./gradlew assembleDebug --stacktrace
// or
./gradlew assembleDebug -s
详细版：
./gradlew assembleDebug --full-stacktrace
// or
./gradlew assembleDebug -S
6.2、日志级别
有时候构建日志会有很多，看到的可能不全，甚至不是真正的编译问题，而构建日志又不能像logcat那样可以可视化的筛选，这个时候就需要用日志级别来筛选一下。
-q，--quiet
仅记录错误。
-w，--warn
将日志级别设置为警告。
-i，--info
将日志级别设置为信息。
-d，--debug
调试模式（包括正常的stacktrace）。
示例：
./gradlew assembleDebug -w
7、任务相关
7.1、查看主要Task
./gradlew tasks
7.2、查看所有Task
./gradlew tasks --all
7.3、执行Task
./gradlew taskName
// or
./gradlew :moduleName:taskName
同时，可在AS右侧工具类Gradle中查看项目及module的Task，并可以点击执行对应Task。
8、查看依赖
编译有很多问题都是依赖导致的错误，查看依赖能帮我们快速定位问题所在。
8.1、查看项目根目录下的依赖
./gradlew dependencies
8.2、查看app模块下的依赖
./gradlew app:dependencies
8.3、查看依赖输出到文件
./gradlew app:dependencies > dependencies.txt
示例：
9、性能相关
9.1、离线编译
./gradlew assembleDebug --offline
9.2、构建缓存
./gradlew assembleDebug --build-cache // 开启
./gradlew assembleDebug --no-build-cache // 不开启
9.3、配置缓存
./gradlew assembleDebug --configuration-cache // 开启
./gradlew assembleDebug --no-configuration-cache // 不开启
9.4、并行构建
./gradlew assembleDebug --parallel // 开启
./gradlew assembleDebug --no-parallel // 不开启
以上9.1-9.4的配置也都可以在gradle.properties中配置。
示例：
#并行编译
org.gradle.parallel=true
#构建缓存
org.gradle.caching=true
9.5、编译并输出性能报告
./gradlew assembleDebug --profile
性能报告位于构建项目的GradleX/build/reports/profile/路径下
See the profiling report at: file:///Users/yechao/AndroidStudioProjects/GradleX/build/reports/profile/profile-2022-11-29-23-13-29.html
输出的是html文件，用浏览器打开：
9.6、编译并输出更详细性能报告
./gradlew assembleDebug --scan
首次执行需要邮箱验证，授权即可，完事之后即可打开链接，scan报告内容比profile更加详细。
10、动态传参
再来介绍一个比较常用的传参属性，--project-prop，我们一般常用-P表示，用来设置根项目的项目属性。
10.1、获取参数
示例：
./gradlew assembleDebug -PisTest=true
这里我们用-P传了一个isTest字段，并赋值为true。
那在代码里如何获取这个参数呢？然后在build.gradle中编写如下代码：
if (hasProperty("isTest")){
println("---hasProperty isTest yes")
}else {
println("---hasProperty isTest no")
}
我们可以用hasProperty来获取命令行(CLI)的参数，module或者插件也可以这么获取：
project.property('isTest')
然后我们用上面的命令编译看下输出：
➜ GradleX git:(master) ✗ ./gradlew assembleDebug -PisTest=true
---Gradle：开始初始化了
---Gradle：settingsEvaluated Settings对象评估完毕
---Gradle：projectsLoaded 准备加载Project对象了
> Configure project :
---Gradle：Projec beforeEvaluate Project开始评估，对象是 = GradleX
---hasProperty isTest yes // --- 看这里 ---
---Gradle：Projec afterEvaluate Project评估完毕，对象是 = GradleX
> Configure project :app
---Gradle：buildFinished 构建结束了
可以看到已经打印出来了。
还没完，获取到参数是不错，但是还没获取到参数的值。
10.2、获取参数值
我们可以用getProperty()来获取：
if (hasProperty("isTest")) {
println("---hasProperty isTest yes")
if (Boolean.valueOf(getProperty('isTest'))) {
println("---isTest true")
} else {
println("---isTest false")
}
} else {
println("---hasProperty isTest no")
}
注意，getProperty('isTest')这里要用单引号，另外命令行里面的参数值都是对象，还需要基本数据类型转换一下，即Boolean.valueOf(getProperty('isTest'))。
10.3、自定义操作
ok，现在我们就可以针对获取的参数去做一些自定义的操作了，比如修改我们的依赖。
app>build.gradle：
dependencies {
implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.7.0'
if (project.hasProperty("isTest")) {
println("---hasProperty isTest yes")
if (Boolean.valueOf(getProperty('isTest'))) {
println("---isTest true")
implementation 'com.yechaoa.gradlex.devtools:devtools:1.1.1'
} else {
println("---isTest false")
implementation 'com.yechaoa.gradlex.devtools:devtools:2.2.2'
}
} else {
println("---hasProperty isTest no")
}
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
}
这里举例，在isTest=true的时候依赖了devtools 1.1.1版本，isTest=false时依赖了devtools 2.2.2版本。
除了dependencies里面的依赖之外，Plugin、Task之类的也可以通过动态传参的方式去做自定义操作。
11、总结
本文介绍了Gradle Command-Line Interface(CLI)相关的知识，像调试命令、查看依赖、性能相关、动态传参这些，在定位问题、提升效率的时候还是非常有用的，希望能给你带来收获。（别忘了三连啊喂~）
12、Github
https://github.com/yechaoa/GradleX
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