Python tuple 元组

tuple (元组)

• 可以理解成一个不允许更改的列表

# tuple的创建

# 1.直接用小括号
ta = ()
print(type(ta))
# 当小括号创建一个元素的tuple的时候
tb = (100)
print(type(tb))
tc = (100,)
print(type(tc))
td = (100,200,300)
print(td)

# 2. 直接用逗号
ta = 100,
print(type(ta))
tb = 100,200,300, # 后面可以跟逗号
print(type(tb))

# 3. 使用tuple定义
ta = tuple()
print(ta)

li= [1,2,3,"wang xiaojing"]
tb = tuple(li) # 要求tuple参数必须可迭代  
print(tb)
print(li)

<class 'tuple'>
<class 'int'>
<class 'tuple'>
(100, 200, 300)
<class 'tuple'>
<class 'tuple'>
()
(1, 2, 3, 'wang xiaojing')
[1, 2, 3, 'wang xiaojing']

tuple其余特征跟list基本一致

• 有序
• 可以访问不可以修改
• 元素可以是任意类型

# tuple索引操作
la = ["i", "love","wang xiaojing"]
print(la)
ta = tuple(la)
print(ta[2])

['i', 'love', 'wang xiaojing']
wang xiaojing

# tuple分片操作
print(ta[:])
print(ta[:2])
print(ta[-3::1])

('i', 'love', 'wang xiaojing')
('i', 'love')
('i', 'love', 'wang xiaojing')

# 元组的相加
ta = 100,200,300
tb = ("i","love","wang xiaojing")
tc = ta + tb
print(tc)

(100, 200, 300, 'i', 'love', 'wang xiaojing')

# tuple 乘法

tc = tb * 2
print(tc)

('i', 'love', 'wang xiaojing', 'i', 'love', 'wang xiaojing')

# tuple 成员检测
print(tb)
if "wang xiaojing" in tb:
    print("对的")
if "love" not in tb:
    print("不爱了不爱了")

('i', 'love', 'wang xiaojing')
对的

# 元素遍历

for i in tb:
    print(i)

i
love
wang xiaojing

ta = ((10,20,30),("i","love","wangxiaojing"),(100,200,300))
# 嵌套元素的访问
# 1. 双层循环访问
for i in ta:
    print(i)
    for j in i:
        print(j)

# 2. 使用单层循环
for i,j,k in ta:
    print(i,j,k)

# 上面访问有一个规定，即i,j,k,要跟元组的元素个数对应
for i,j,k,q in ta:
    print(i,j,k,q)

(10, 20, 30)
10
20
30
('i', 'love', 'wangxiaojing')
i
love
wangxiaojing
(100, 200, 300)
100
200
300
10 20 30
i love wangxiaojing
100 200 300



---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-36-f2bc7fb15ab5> in <module>()
     12 
     13 # 上面访问有一个规定，即i,j,k,要跟元组的元素个数对应
---> 14 for i,j,k,q in ta:
     15     print(i,j,k,q)


ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected 4, got 3)

# 常用元组函数
# len: 长度
ta = (1,3,4,5,6,7,34,55)
print(len(ta))
# max/min:取最大值/最小值
print(max(ta))

tb =(1,2,3,"love")# 数字跟字符串不能比较大小
print(max(tb))

8
55



---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-39-dcf26685fd3a> in <module>()
      7 
      8 tb =(1,2,3,"love")
----> 9 print(max(tb))


TypeError: '>' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int'

# count：对某一元素计数
ta = (1,2,3,4,23,1,1,1,1,1)
print(ta.count(1))
# index:某一元素所在的位置
print(ta.index(1))

6
0

# tuple的特殊用法
a = 100
b = "wang xiaojing"
# 要求对a,b值进行互换
# 此种用法是python的独门秘籍
print(a,b)
a,b = b,a
print(a,b)

100 wang xiaojing
wang xiaojing 100