OpenCV学习过程(3)

目录

1.形态学-腐蚀操作

2.形态学-膨胀操作

3.开运算与闭运算

4.梯度运算

5.礼帽与黑帽

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1.形态学-腐蚀操作

腐蚀：用一个卷积核在图片中进行遍历，迭代次数越多，图片就越模糊。

读取一张图片

pie = cv2.imread('image/pie.png')

cv2.imshow('pie', pie)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

分别进行一次，两次，三次迭代所得到的图片 

kernel = np.ones((30,30),np.uint8) 
erosion_1 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 1)
erosion_2 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 2)
erosion_3 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 3)
res = np.hstack((erosion_1,erosion_2,erosion_3))
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

2.形态学-膨胀操作

膨胀：就是把一张图片渐渐放大

pie = cv2.imread('image/pie.png')

kernel = np.ones((30,30),np.uint8) 
dilate_1 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 1)
dilate_2 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 2)
dilate_3 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 3)
res = np.hstack((dilate_1,dilate_2,dilate_3))
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

3.开运算与闭运算

• 开运算：先腐蚀，后膨胀
• 闭运算：先膨胀，后腐蚀

开运算： 

img = cv2.imread('dige.png')

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)
#cv2.MORPH_OPEN开运算

cv2.imshow('opening', opening)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

 闭运算：

img = cv2.imread('dige.png')

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
closing = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)

cv2.imshow('closing', closing)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

4.梯度运算

梯度=膨胀-腐蚀

pie = cv2.imread('pie.png')
kernel = np.ones((7,7),np.uint8) 
dilate = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 5)  #膨胀
erosion = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 5)  #腐蚀

res = np.hstack((dilate,erosion))

cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

gradient = cv2.morphologyEx(pie, cv2.MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel)  #梯度

cv2.imshow('gradient', gradient)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

5.礼帽与黑帽

• 礼帽 = 原始输入-开运算结果
  黑帽 = 闭运算-原始输入

 礼帽：

img = cv2.imread('dige.png')
tophat = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT, kernel)
cv2.imshow('tophat', tophat)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

黑帽：

img = cv2.imread('dige.png')
blackhat  = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_BLACKHAT, kernel)
cv2.imshow('blackhat ', blackhat )
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()