Servlet-千锋-学习笔记

已于 2022-06-21 10:12:33 修改
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分类专栏： Servlet 文章标签： 学习 java tomcat
于 2022-06-19 21:53:32 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yiersano/article/details/125360181
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本文详细介绍了Servlet的基础知识，包括Servlet接口、类及其配置方式，如web.xml和注解。涵盖了HTTP协议、Servlet生命周期、状态管理和Session原理，还展示了如何结合数据库操作、过滤器和权限验证进行实战应用。
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视频连接

目录

1、Servlet

1.1编写servlet

重写5个方法

  • init
  • getServletConfig
  • service
  • getServletInfo
  • destroy
package com.wyy.servlet;

import jakarta.servlet.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;

public class MyServlet implements Servlet {
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("My Servlet");
        System.out.println(new Date());
        System.out.println("12344");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

1.2配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>my</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wyy.servlet.MyServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>my</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/myservlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>gs</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wyy.servlet.GenServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>gs</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/gs</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hs</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wyy.servlet.httpsServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hs</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hs</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

1.3关联第三方jar包

1.4导出war包

把war放入Tomcat的webapps目录，启动Tomcat自动解压访问即可

2.HTTP协议

2.1请求报文

在这里插入图片描述

2.2响应报文

在这里插入图片描述

2.3常见状态码

在这里插入图片描述

3.Servlet详解

3.1核心接口和类

3.1.1Servlet接口

  • init
  • getServletConfig
  • service
  • getServletInfo
  • destroy

3.1.2Servlet类

  • GenericServlet
  • HttpServlet
GenericServlet

提供生命周期方法init和destroy的简单实现，要编写一般的Servlet只需重写抽象service方法

package com.wyy.servlet;

import jakarta.servlet.GenericServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public class GenServlet extends GenericServlet {
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("hi~~~");
    }
}
HttpServlet（推荐！）

doGet
doPost

package com.wyy.servlet;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public class httpsServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get");;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("post");
    }
}

3.2两种配置方式

3.2.1使用web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>my</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wyy.servlet.MyServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>my</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/myservlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3.2.2使用注解

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = {"/bs","/bss"})
public class basicServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("post");
    }
}

4.Servlet应用

4.1request对象

在Servlet中用来处理客户端请求需要用doGet或doPost方法的request对象
在这里插入图片描述
主要方法

req.getParameter(String name);  //根据表单组件名称获取提交数据

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>登录页面</title>
</head>
<body>
  <form action="/web1_war_exploded/login" method="post">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="username"/><br>
    密码：<input type="password" name="password"/><br>
    <input type="submit" value="登录"/>
  </form>
</body>
</html>

Servlet

package com.wyy.servlet2;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet(value = "/rs")
public class registerServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取用户请求的数据
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println("提交的数据: " + username + " " + password);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取用户请求的数据
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        //System.out.println("提交的数据: " + username + " " + password);
        //相应数据给客户端
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter printWriter = resp.getWriter();
        printWriter.println("注册成功");
    }
}

4.2response对象

response对象用于响应客户端请求并向客户端输出信息
在这里插入图片描述
主要方法

resp.getWriter();//获取字符输出流

       PrintWriter printWriter = resp.getWriter();
        if (admin != null){
            //相应结果成功
            printWriter.println("<html>");
            printWriter.println("<head>");
            printWriter.println("<meta charset='UTF-8'>");
            printWriter.println("<title>结果页面</title>");
            printWriter.println("</head>");
            printWriter.println("<body>");
            printWriter.println("<h1>登陆成功！！！！</h1>");
            printWriter.println("</body>");
            printWriter.println("</html>");
        }else {
            //相应结果失败
            printWriter.println("<html>");
            printWriter.println("<head>");
            printWriter.println("<meta charset='UTF-8'>");
            printWriter.println("<title>结果页面</title>");
            printWriter.println("</head>");
            printWriter.println("<body>");
            printWriter.println("<h1>登陆失败</h1>");
            printWriter.println("</body>");
            printWriter.println("</html>");
        }

4.3综合案例

4.3.1数据库

create table admin(
    username varchar(20) primary key not null ,
    password varchar(20) not null ,
    phone varchar(11) not null ,
    address varchar(20) not null
);

insert into admin(username, password, phone, address) value ('gavin','123456',
                                                             '12233445566','西安');
select * from admin;


insert into admin(username, password, phone, address) value ('gavin2','123456',
                                                             '12233445566','xian');

4.3.2DBUtils

连接数据库

package com.wyy.servletProject.utils;
import java.sql.*;

public class DbUtils {
    private DbUtils(){

    }

    //静态方法
    static {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取数据库连接对象
     * @return 连接对象
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {

        return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bjpowernode","root","123456");
    }


    public static void commit(){
        Connection connection = null;

        try {
            connection = getConnection();
            connection.commit();
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            close(connection,null,null);
        }
    }

    public static void rollback(){
        Connection connection = null;

        try {
            connection = getConnection();
            connection.rollback();
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            close(connection,null,null);
        }
    }

    /**
     *  关闭资源
     * @param conn 连接对象
     * @param ps 数据库操作对象
     * @param rs 结果集
     */
    public static void close(Connection conn, Statement ps, ResultSet rs){
        if (rs != null){
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (ps != null){
            try {
                ps.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (conn != null){
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

4.3.3 Admin

package com.wyy.servletProject.entity;

public class Admin {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String phone;
    private String address;

    public Admin(String username, String password, String phone, String address) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.phone = phone;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public Admin() {
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Admin{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", phone='" + phone + '\'' +
                ", addres='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

4.3.4 DAO

AdminDao
package com.wyy.servletProject.dao;

import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Admin;

import java.util.List;

public interface AdminDao {
    public int insert(Admin admin);
    public int delete(String usermane);
    public int update(Admin admin);
    public Admin select(String username);
    public List<Admin> selectAll();
}
AdminDaoImpl
package com.wyy.servletProject.dao.impl;

import com.wyy.servletProject.dao.AdminDao;
import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Admin;
import com.wyy.servletProject.utils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

public class AdminDaoImpl implements AdminDao {
    private QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
    @Override
    public int insert(Admin admin) {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(String usermane) {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Admin admin) {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public Admin select(String username) {
        try {
            Admin admin =  queryRunner.query(DbUtils.getConnection(),"select * from admin where username = ?",
                    new BeanHandler<Admin>(Admin.class),username);
            return admin;
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Admin> selectAll() {
        try {
            List<Admin> admins =  queryRunner.query(DbUtils.getConnection(),"select * from admin",
                    new BeanListHandler<Admin>(Admin.class));
            return admins;
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

4.3.5Service

AdminService
package com.wyy.servletProject.service;
import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Admin;
import java.util.List;

public interface AdminService {
    public Admin login(String username,String password);
    public List<Admin> showAllAdmin();
}
AdminServiceImpl
package com.wyy.servletProject.service.imlp;

import com.wyy.servletProject.dao.AdminDao;
import com.wyy.servletProject.dao.impl.AdminDaoImpl;
import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Admin;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.AdminService;
import com.wyy.servletProject.utils.DbUtils;

import java.util.List;

public class AdminServiceimpl implements AdminService {
    private AdminDao adminDao = new AdminDaoImpl();
    @Override
    public Admin login(String username, String password) {
        Admin result = null;
        try {
            DbUtils.getConnection();
            Admin admin = adminDao.select(username);
            if (admin != null){
                if (admin.getPassword().equals(password)){
                    result = admin;
                }
            }
            DbUtils.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            DbUtils.rollback();
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Admin> showAllAdmin() {
        List<Admin> admins = null;
        try {
            DbUtils.getConnection();
            admins = adminDao.selectAll();
            DbUtils.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            DbUtils.rollback();
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return admins;
    }
}

4.3.6 HTML页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>登录页面</title>
</head>
<body>
  <form action="/web1_war_exploded/login" method="post">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="username"/><br>
    密码：<input type="password" name="password"/><br>
    <input type="submit" value="登录"/>
  </form>
</body>
</html>

4.3.7 LoginServlet

package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet;

import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Admin;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.AdminService;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.imlp.AdminServiceimpl;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet(value = "/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.收参
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        //2.调用业务逻辑
        AdminService adminService = new AdminServiceimpl();
        Admin admin = adminService.login(username,password);
        //3.处理结果
        PrintWriter printWriter = resp.getWriter();
        if (admin != null){
            //相应结果成功
            printWriter.println("<html>");
            printWriter.println("<head>");
            printWriter.println("<meta charset='UTF-8'>");
            printWriter.println("<title>结果页面</title>");
            printWriter.println("</head>");
            printWriter.println("<body>");
            printWriter.println("<h1>登陆成功！！！！</h1>");
            printWriter.println("</body>");
            printWriter.println("</html>");
        }else {
            //相应结果失败
            printWriter.println("<html>");
            printWriter.println("<head>");
            printWriter.println("<meta charset='UTF-8'>");
            printWriter.println("<title>结果页面</title>");
            printWriter.println("</head>");
            printWriter.println("<body>");
            printWriter.println("<h1>登陆失败</h1>");
            printWriter.println("</body>");
            printWriter.println("</html>");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

效果
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

4.3.7 ShowallServlet

package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet;

import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Admin;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.AdminService;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.imlp.AdminServiceimpl;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(value = "/showall")
public class ShowAllAdminServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        AdminService adminService = new AdminServiceimpl();
        List<Admin> adminList = adminService.showAllAdmin();

        PrintWriter printWriter = resp.getWriter();
        if (adminList != null){
            printWriter.println("<html>");
            printWriter.println("<head>");
            printWriter.println("<meta charset='UTF-8'>");
            printWriter.println("<title>结果页面</title>");
            printWriter.println("</head>");
            printWriter.println("<body>");
            printWriter.println("<tr>");
            printWriter.println("       <td>username</td>");
            printWriter.println("       <td>password</td>");
            printWriter.println("       <td>phone</td>");
            printWriter.println("       <td>address</td>");
            printWriter.println("</tr><br>");
            for (Admin admin :adminList){
                printWriter.println("<tr>");
                printWriter.println("       <td>"+admin.getUsername()+"</td>");
                printWriter.println("       <td>"+admin.getPassword()+"</td>");
                printWriter.println("       <td>"+admin.getPhone()+"</td>");
                printWriter.println("       <td>"+admin.getAddress()+"</td>");
                printWriter.println("</tr><br>");
            }

            printWriter.println("</body>");
            printWriter.println("</html>");
        }else {
            printWriter.println("<html>");
            printWriter.println("<head>");
            printWriter.println("<meta charset='UTF-8'>");
            printWriter.println("<title>结果页面</title>");
            printWriter.println("</head>");
            printWriter.println("<body>");
            printWriter.println("<h3>登陆失败</h3>");
            printWriter.println("</body>");
            printWriter.println("</html>");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

效果
在这里插入图片描述

5.转发与重定向

5.1转发

转发的作用在服务端，将请求发送给服务器上的其他资源，以共同完成一次请求处理
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

ShowAllAdminController

存数据

  req.setAttribute("admins",adminList);

package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet;

import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Admin;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.AdminService;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.imlp.AdminServiceimpl;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(value = "/showallcontroller")
public class ShowAllAdminController extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //只负责调用业务逻辑
        AdminService adminService = new AdminServiceimpl();
        List<Admin> adminList = adminService.showAllAdmin();

        //request作用域存储数据
        req.setAttribute("admins",adminList);
        //通过转发跳转到显示结果的servlet
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/showalljsp").forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

ShowallAdminJSP

取数据

 List<Admin>  adminList = (List<Admin>) req.getAttribute("admins");

package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet;

import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Admin;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;


@WebServlet(value = "/showalljsp")
public class ShowallAdminJSP extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        List<Admin>  adminList = (List<Admin>) req.getAttribute("admins");
        PrintWriter printWriter = resp.getWriter();
        if (adminList != null){
            printWriter.println("<html>");
            printWriter.println("<head>");
            printWriter.println("<meta charset='UTF-8'>");
            printWriter.println("<title>结果页面</title>");
            printWriter.println("</head>");
            printWriter.println("<body>");
            printWriter.println("<tr>");
            printWriter.println("       <td>username</td>");
            printWriter.println("       <td>password</td>");
            printWriter.println("       <td>phone</td>");
            printWriter.println("       <td>address</td>");
            printWriter.println("</tr><br>");
            for (Admin admin :adminList){
                printWriter.println("<tr>");
                printWriter.println("       <td>"+admin.getUsername()+"</td>");
                printWriter.println("       <td>"+admin.getPassword()+"</td>");
                printWriter.println("       <td>"+admin.getPhone()+"</td>");
                printWriter.println("       <td>"+admin.getAddress()+"</td>");
                printWriter.println("</tr><br>");
            }

            printWriter.println("</body>");
            printWriter.println("</html>");
        }else {
            printWriter.println("<html>");
            printWriter.println("<head>");
            printWriter.println("<meta charset='UTF-8'>");
            printWriter.println("<title>结果页面</title>");
            printWriter.println("</head>");
            printWriter.println("<body>");
            printWriter.println("<h3>登陆失败</h3>");
            printWriter.println("</body>");
            printWriter.println("</html>");
        }
    }


    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

5.2重定向

AServlet

重定向传数据

 resp.sendRedirect("/web1_war_exploded/b?username=Tom"); //只能传String

package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/a")
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //通过request作用域做数据的存储
//        req.setAttribute("username","gavin");
//        req.getRequestDispatcher("/b").forward(req,resp);

        resp.sendRedirect("/web1_war_exploded/b?username=Tom");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

BServlet

重定向传数据

String username = req.getParameter("username");

package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/b")
public class BServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        String s = (String) req.getAttribute("username");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println("B executed ..." + username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

当两个Servlet需要传数据时，选择forward转发，不建议使用sendRedirect进行传递

6.生命周期

四个阶段

6.1 实例化

当用户第一次访问Servlet时，由容器调用Servlet的构造器创建具体的Servlet对象。也可以在容器启动之后立刻创建实例。使用如下代码可以设置Servlet是否在服务器启动时就创建。 1
执行一次

6.2 初始化

init（）
执行一次

6.3 服务

service方法
可执行多次

6.4 销毁

destroy
执行一次

package com.wyy.servlet3;

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/ls")
public class lifeServlet implements Servlet {
    public lifeServlet(){
        System.out.println("1、实例化");
    }
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("2、初始化");
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("3、接收请求，相应结果");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("4、销毁");
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

7、Servlet特性

线程安全问题

  • synchronized 效率低
  • SingleThreadModel 效率低，资源浪费
  • 使用局部变量
package com.wyy.servlet3;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.SingleThreadModel;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class SafeServlet extends HttpServlet implements SingleThreadModel {
    private String massage = "";
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        synchronized (this){
            //假设接收参数
            //调用业务逻辑，得到登录结果
            massage = "登陆成功";
            PrintWriter printWriter = resp.getWriter();
            printWriter.println(massage);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}


package com.wyy.servlet3;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.SingleThreadModel;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class SafeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    // private String massage = "";
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String massage = "";
        //假设接收参数
        //调用业务逻辑，得到登录结果
        massage = "登陆成功";
        PrintWriter printWriter = resp.getWriter();
        printWriter.println(massage);


    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

8.状态管理

将浏览器与web服务器之间多次交互当作一个整体来处理，并且将多次交互所涉及的数据(即状态)保存下来。

分类：
●客户端状态管理技术:将状态保存在客户端。代表性的是Cookie技术。
●服务器状态管理技术:将状态保存在服务器端。代表性的是session技术(服务器传递sessionID时需要使用Cookie的方式)

Cookie

Cookie是在浏览器访问Web服务器某个资源时，由Web服务器在HTTP响应消息头中附带传送给浏览器的一小段数据
在这里插入图片描述

创建cookie

package com.wyy.cookies;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.Cookie;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/cs")
public class cookieServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //服务端创建cookie
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username","gavin");
        Cookie cookie2 = new Cookie("passward","123456");
        //设置cookie的访问路径
        cookie.setPath("/web1_war_exploded/get");
        cookie2.setPath("/web1_war_exploded");
        //设置cookie生命周期
        cookie.setMaxAge(60*60);
        cookie2.setMaxAge(60*60);
        //将cookie响应给客户端
        resp.addCookie(cookie);
        resp.addCookie(cookie2);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

响应cookie

package com.wyy.cookies;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.Cookie;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/get")
public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //通过request对象获取所有的cookie
        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
        //通过循环遍历数组
        if (cookies != null){
            for (Cookie cookie : cookies){
                System.out.println(cookie.getName()+":"+cookie.getValue());
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

修改cookie

package com.wyy.cookies;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.Cookie;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/cs2")
public class CookieServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username","aaron");
        cookie.setPath("/web1_war_exploded/get");
        cookie.setMaxAge(60*60*24*7);
        resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }
}

如果改变cookie的name绝有效路径会新建cookie，而改变cookie的值，有效期会覆盖原有的cookie

在这里插入图片描述

编码与解码

编码
URLEncoder.encode("姓名","UTF-8"),URLEncoder.encode("张三","UTF-8")

package com.wyy.cookies;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.Cookie;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

@WebServlet(value = "/cs3")
public class CookisServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie(URLEncoder.encode("姓名","UTF-8"),URLEncoder.encode("张三","UTF-8"));
        cookie.setPath("/web1_war_exploded/get");
        cookie.setMaxAge(600);
        resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }
}
解码
URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getName(),"UTF-8")+":"+URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"UTF-8")

package com.wyy.cookies;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.Cookie;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

@WebServlet(value = "/get")
public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //通过request对象获取所有的cookie
        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
        //通过循环遍历数组
        if (cookies != null){
            for (Cookie cookie : cookies){
                System.out.println(URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getName(),"UTF-8")+":"+URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"UTF-8"));
            }
        }

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

9.Session

●Session用于记录用户的状态。Session指的是在一段时间内，单个客户端与Web服务器的一连串相关的交互过程。
●在一个Session中，客户可能会多次请求访问同一个资源，也有可能请求访问各种不同的服务器资源。

原理

●服务器会为每一次会话分配一个Session对象
●同一个浏览器发起的多次请求，同属于- 次会话(Session)
●首次使用到Session时， 服务器会自动创建Session,并创建Cookie存储Sessionld发送回客户端

使用

●Session作用域: 拥有存储数据的空间，作用范围是一次会话有效
。一次会话是使用同一浏览器发送的多次请求。一旦浏览器关闭，则结束会话
。可以将数据存入Session中，在一次会话的任意位置进行获取
。可传递任何数据(基本数据类型、对象、集合、数组)

获取Session

package com.wyy.Session;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/ss")
public class SessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //通过request获取Session对象
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        System.out.println(session.getId());
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

保存、获取数据

保存

session.setAttribute("username","gavin");

获取

session.getAttribute("username");

package com.wyy.Session;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/getvalue")
public class GetValueServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取Session对象
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String s = (String) session.getAttribute("username");
        System.out.println("从session中获得了"+s);
    }
}

移除数据

移除

session.removeAttribute("username");

package com.wyy.Session;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/remove")
public class RemoveServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.removeAttribute("username");
    }
}

request session区别

●request是一 次请求有效，请求改变，则request改变
●session是一 次会话有效，浏览器改变，则session改变

package com.wyy.Session;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/ss")
public class SessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //通过request获取Session对象
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        //使用Session保存数据
        session.setAttribute("username","gavin");

        req.setAttribute("password","123456");
        resp.sendRedirect("/web1_war_exploded/getvalue");

        System.out.println(session.getId());
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}


package com.wyy.Session;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/getvalue")
public class GetValueServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取Session对象
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();

        String password = (String) req.getAttribute("password");

        String s = (String) session.getAttribute("username");
        System.out.println("从session中获得了"+s);
        System.out.println("从request中获得了"+password);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

Session生命周期

●开始:第一次使用到Session的请求产生， 则创建Session
●结束:
浏览器关闭，则失效
Session超时，则失效
■session.setMaxlIactielnterallseconds//设置最大有效时间(单位:秒)
手工销毁，则失效
■session.invalidate/);//登录退出、注销
Session超时，则失效

session.setMaxInactiveInterval(10);

手工销毁

session.invalidate();

package com.wyy.life;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/life")
public class LifeSessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();

        session.setMaxInactiveInterval(10);
        System.out.println(session.getId());
    }
}


package com.wyy.life;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/gets")
public class GetSessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        System.out.println(session.getId());
        session.invalidate();
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

浏览器禁用cookie

package com.wyy.life;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/life")
public class LifeSessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String newUrl = resp.encodeRedirectURL("/web1_war_exploded/gets");
        System.out.println(newUrl);
        resp.sendRedirect(newUrl);
      //  session.setMaxInactiveInterval(10);
        System.out.println(session.getId());
    }
}

Session权限验证

在这里插入图片描述

创建管理员表

create table manager(
    username varchar(20) primary key ,
    password varchar(20) not null
);

insert into manager (username, password)
values ('tom','123');

select * from manager;

创建管理员类

package com.wyy.servletProject.entity;

public class Manager {
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public Manager(String username, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Manager{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Manager() {
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

创建Dao

package com.wyy.servletProject.dao;

import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Manager;

public interface ManagerDao {
    public Manager select(String username);
}


package com.wyy.servletProject.dao.impl;

import com.wyy.servletProject.dao.ManagerDao;
import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Admin;
import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Manager;
import com.wyy.servletProject.utils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;

import java.sql.SQLException;

public class ManagerDaoImpl implements ManagerDao {
    private QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
    @Override
    public Manager select(String username) {
        try {
            Manager manager = queryRunner.query(DbUtils.getConnection(),"select * from manager where username=?",
                   new BeanHandler<Manager>(Manager.class),username);
            return manager;
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

创建Service

package com.wyy.servletProject.service;

import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Manager;

public interface ManagerService {
    public Manager login(String username, String password);
}


package com.wyy.servletProject.service.imlp;

import com.wyy.servletProject.dao.ManagerDao;
import com.wyy.servletProject.dao.impl.ManagerDaoImpl;
import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Manager;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.ManagerService;
import com.wyy.servletProject.utils.DbUtils;

import java.sql.SQLException;

public class ManagerServiceImpl implements ManagerService {
    private ManagerDao managerDao = new ManagerDaoImpl();
    @Override
    public Manager login(String username, String password) {
        Manager manager = null;
        try {
            DbUtils.getConnection();
            Manager temp = managerDao.select(username);
            if (temp != null){
                //验证密码
                if (temp.getPassword().equals(password)){
                    manager = temp;
                }
            }
            DbUtils.commit();
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            DbUtils.rollback();
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        return manager;
    }
}

创建Servlet

controller
package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet.controller;

import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Manager;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.ManagerService;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.imlp.ManagerServiceImpl;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/loginMgr")
public class LoginManagerController extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理乱码
        //收参
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        //调用业务方法
        ManagerService managerService = new ManagerServiceImpl();
        Manager mgr =  managerService.login(username,password);
        //处理结果，流程跳转
        if (mgr != null){
            //登陆成功
            //将管理员信息存储在Session里
            HttpSession session = req.getSession();
            session.setAttribute("mgr",mgr);
            //跳转 目标（showallcontroller）、方式（转发、重定向）
            resp.sendRedirect("/web1_war_exploded/showallcontroller");
        }else {
            //登录失败 重新登陆
            resp.sendRedirect("/web1_war_exploded/loginMgr.html");
        }
    }
}


package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet.controller;

import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Admin;
import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Manager;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.AdminService;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.imlp.AdminServiceimpl;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(value = "/showallcontroller")
public class ShowAllAdminController extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //通过HTTPSession完成权限控制
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        Manager mgr = (Manager) session.getAttribute("mgr");
        if (mgr != null){
            //不等于空证明登陆过了

            //只负责调用业务逻辑
            AdminService adminService = new AdminServiceimpl();
            List<Admin> adminList = adminService.showAllAdmin();

            //request作用域存储数据
            req.setAttribute("admins",adminList);
            //通过转发跳转到显示结果的servlet
            req.getRequestDispatcher("/showalljsp").forward(req,resp);

        }else {
            //空 == 没有登录，那么跳转到登录的操作
            resp.sendRedirect("/web1_war_exploded/loginMgr.html");
        }

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
jsp
package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet.jsp;

import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Admin;
import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Manager;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;


@WebServlet(value = "/showalljsp")
public class ShowallAdminJSP extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        Manager mgr = (Manager) session.getAttribute("mgr");


        List<Admin>  adminList = (List<Admin>) req.getAttribute("admins");
        PrintWriter printWriter = resp.getWriter();
        if (adminList != null){
            printWriter.println("<html>");
            printWriter.println("<head>");
            printWriter.println("<meta charset='UTF-8'>");
            printWriter.println("<title>结果页面</title>");
            printWriter.println("</head>");
            printWriter.println("<body>");
            printWriter.println("<h1>欢迎您"+mgr.getUsername()+"</h1>");
            printWriter.println("<table border = '1'>");
            printWriter.println("<tr>");
            printWriter.println("       <td>username</td>");
            printWriter.println("       <td>password</td>");
            printWriter.println("       <td>phone</td>");
            printWriter.println("       <td>address</td>");
            printWriter.println("</tr><br>");
            for (Admin admin :adminList){
                printWriter.println("<tr>");
                printWriter.println("       <td>"+admin.getUsername()+"</td>");
                printWriter.println("       <td>"+admin.getPassword()+"</td>");
                printWriter.println("       <td>"+admin.getPhone()+"</td>");
                printWriter.println("       <td>"+admin.getAddress()+"</td>");
                printWriter.println("</tr><br>");
            }

            printWriter.println("</body>");
            printWriter.println("</html>");
        }else {
            printWriter.println("<html>");
            printWriter.println("<head>");
            printWriter.println("<meta charset='UTF-8'>");
            printWriter.println("<title>结果页面</title>");
            printWriter.println("</head>");
            printWriter.println("<body>");
            printWriter.println("<h3>登陆失败</h3>");
            printWriter.println("</body>");
            printWriter.println("</html>");
        }
    }


    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

创建页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>管理员登录</title>
</head>
<body>
        <form action="/web1_war_exploded/loginMgr" method="post">
            用户名：<input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
            密码：<input type="password" name="password"/><br/>
            <input type="submit" value="登录">
        </form>
</body>
</html>

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

Session保存验证码

package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet.controller;

import cn.dsna.util.images.ValidateCode;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import javax.xml.validation.Validator;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/createCode")
public class CreatCodeController extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //创建验证码图片
        ValidateCode code = new ValidateCode(200,30,4,20);
        String codes = code.getCode();
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("codes",codes);
        //验证码图片响应给客户端
        code.write(resp.getOutputStream());
    }
}


package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet.controller;

import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Manager;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.ManagerService;
import com.wyy.servletProject.service.imlp.ManagerServiceImpl;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/loginMgr")
public class LoginManagerController extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理乱码
        //收参
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String inputVcode = req.getParameter("inputVcode");

        String codes = (String) req.getSession().getAttribute("codes");
        if (!inputVcode.isEmpty() && inputVcode.equalsIgnoreCase(codes)){
            //调用业务方法
            ManagerService managerService = new ManagerServiceImpl();
            Manager mgr =  managerService.login(username,password);
            //处理结果，流程跳转
            if (mgr != null){
                //登陆成功
                //将管理员信息存储在Session里
                HttpSession session = req.getSession();
                session.setAttribute("mgr",mgr);
                //跳转 目标（showallcontroller）、方式（转发、重定向）
                resp.sendRedirect("/web1_war_exploded/showallcontroller");
            }else {
                //登录失败 重新登陆
                resp.sendRedirect("/web1_war_exploded/loginMgr.html");
            }
        }else {
            //验证码错误
            resp.sendRedirect("/web1_war_exploded/loginMgr.html");
        }
    }
}


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>管理员登录</title>
</head>
<body>
        <form action="/web1_war_exploded/loginMgr" method="post">
            用户名：<input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
            密码：<input type="password" name="password"/><br/>
            验证码：<input type="text" name="inputVcode"/><img src="/web1_war_exploded/createCode"><br/>
            <input type="submit" value="登录">
        </form>
</body>
</html>

在这里插入图片描述

10 ServletContext

●全局对象，也拥有作用域，对应一个Tomcat中的Web应用
●当Web服务 器启动时，会为每一个Web应用程序创建一块共享的存储区域(ServletContext)。
●ServletContext在Web服 务器启动时创建，服务器关闭时销毁。

10.1获取ServletContext对象

●GenericServlet提供 了getServletContext(）方法。(推荐) this getServletContext（）;
●HttpServletRequest提供 了getServletContext()方法。(推荐)
●HttpSession提 供了getServletContext()方法。

package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet.controller;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/ctxController")
public class ServletContextController extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //方式一 this getServletContext);
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        //方式二 request对象获取
        ServletContext servletContext1 = req.getServletContext();
        //方式三 Session对象获取
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        ServletContext servletContext2 = session.getServletContext();

        System.out.println(servletContext);
        System.out.println(servletContext1);
        System.out.println(servletContext2);
    }
}

org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@109a669b
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@109a669b
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@109a669b

结果一样

10.2ServletContext作用

  • 获取项目的真实路径
  • 获取项目上下文路径
  • 全局容器

ServletContext拥有作用域，可以存储数据到全局容器中
●存储数据: servletContext.setAttribute(“name”,value);
●获取数据: servletContext getAttrbute(“name”);
●移除数据: servletContext.removeAttribute(“name”);

package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet.controller;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/ctxController")
public class ServletContextController extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //方式一 this getServletContext);
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();

        //获取项目的真实路径
        System.out.println(servletContext.getRealPath("/"));
        //获取项目的上下文路径
        System.out.println(servletContext.getContextPath());

        //全局容器
        servletContext.setAttribute("context","info");

    }
}


package com.wyy.servletProject.servlet.controller;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/showContext")
public class ShowContextController extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //先获取ServletContext对象
        ServletContext servletContext =  this.getServletContext();
        String s = (String) servletContext.getAttribute("context");
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

10.3ServletContext应用场景

统计当前项目访问次数

package com.wyy.counter;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/counterController")
public class counterController extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取ServletContext对象
        ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
        //获取计数器
        Integer counter = (Integer) servletContext.getAttribute("counter");

        //第一次访问counter为空
        if (counter == null){
            counter = 1;
            servletContext.setAttribute("counter",counter);
        }else  {
            counter++;
            servletContext.setAttribute("counter",counter);
        }

        System.out.println("counter:"+ counter);
    }
}


package com.wyy.counter;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/showCounterController")
public class ShowCounterController extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取ServletContext对象
        ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
        Integer counter = (Integer) servletContext.getAttribute("counter");

        //第一次访问counter为空
        if (counter == null){
            counter = 1;
            servletContext.setAttribute("counter",counter);
        }else  {
            counter++;
            servletContext.setAttribute("counter",counter);
        }


        System.out.println("show:"+ counter);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述
●HttpServletRequest: 一次请求，请求响应之前有效
●HttpSession: 一次会话开始，浏览器不关闭或不超时之前有效
●ServletContext: 服务器启动开始，服务器停止之前有效

11 过滤器

在这里插入图片描述
●执行地位在Servlet之前， 客户端发送请求时，会先经过Filter, 再到达目标Servlet中;响应时，会根据执行流程再次反向执行Filter
●可以解决多个Servlet共性代码的冗余问题(例如:乱码处理、登录验证)

11.1实现过程

●编写Java类 实现Filter接口
●在oFilter方 法中编写拦截逻辑
●设置拦截路径

package com.wyy.Filter;

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;

import java.io.IOException;


@WebFilter(value = "/t")
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        Filter.super.init(filterConfig);
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("===myfilter====");
        //让请求继续
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("====end====");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        Filter.super.destroy();
    }
}


package com.wyy.Filter;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/t")
public class TargetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //
        System.out.println("====target====");
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

11.2过滤器配置

注解配置

@WebFilter(value = "/t")

xml配置

package com.wyy.Filter;

import jakarta.servlet.*;

import java.io.IOException;

public class xmlFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        Filter.super.init(filterConfig);
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("Web.xml配置过滤器");

        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        Filter.super.destroy();
    }
}


package com.wyy.Filter;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;


@WebServlet(value = "/test")
public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("TestServlet");
    }
}


   <filter>
        <filter-name>xml</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.wyy.Filter.xmlFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>xml</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/test</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

拦截路径

在这里插入图片描述

后缀拦截
package com.wyy.Filter;

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebFilter(value = "*.html")
public class HtmlFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        Filter.super.init(filterConfig);
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("拦截html请求");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        Filter.super.destroy();
    }
}
通配符拦截
package com.wyy.Filter;

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebFilter(value = "/*")
public class AllFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        Filter.super.init(filterConfig);
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("拦截所有请求");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        Filter.super.destroy();
    }
}

11.3过滤器链和优先级

过滤器链

客户端对服务器请求之后，服务器调用Servlet之前会执行一组过滤器(多个过滤器)，那么这组过滤器就称为一条过滤器链。
每个过滤器实现某个特定的功能，当第一t个ilter的dFiter方 法被调用时，Web服务器会创建一个代表Filter链的ilterChain对象传递给
该方法。在doFilter方法中， 开发人员如果调用了FilterChain对象的doFiter方法，则Web服务器会检查FilterChain对象中是否还有flter,
如果有，则调用第2个ilter,如果没有，则调用目标资源。

在这里插入图片描述
在一个Web应用中，可以开发编写多个Filter,这些Filter组合 起来称之为一个Filter链。 优先级:
●如果为注解的话，是按照类全名称的字符串顺序决定作用顺序
●如果web.xml, 按照filter-mapping注册顺序，从上往下
●web.xml配置 高于注解方式
●如果注解和web.xml同时配置，会创建多个过滤器对象，造成过滤多次。

11.4过滤器应用

解决编码

package com.wyy.Filter;

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebFilter(value = "/*")
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        Filter.super.init(filterConfig);
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        //统一处理请求和响应的乱码
        servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        Filter.super.destroy();
    }
}

权限验证

package com.wyy.servletProject.filter;

import com.wyy.servletProject.entity.Manager;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebFilter(value = "/showallcontroller")
public class checkfilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        Filter.super.init(filterConfig);
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        //权限验证 验证管理员是否登录
        //向下转型 拆箱

        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        Manager mgr = (Manager) session.getAttribute("mgr");
        if (mgr != null){
            filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
        }else {
            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/loginMgr.html");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        Filter.super.destroy();
    }
}

12 综合案例

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一、文章说明 此篇文章将解决itextpdf转PDF遇到的以下问题： 1、中文不显示问题 2、表格或者图片超宽问题 3、pdf样式问题 4、Markdown引用样式在PDF中正常显示 5、转换HTML为PDF过程中提示标签没有闭合的BUG解决 此篇文章包括的关键字（可能是你关心的内容）： 1、HTML 2、Markdown 3、Java 4、blockquote 5、PDF 6、itextpdf 此篇文章中PDF样式说明： 本文中使用的PDF样式模仿Typora编辑
servlet-api2.5 jar包.rar
07-26
servlet就知道要用到HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse等对象，这些对象都是要靠这个jar包才能使用的。 如果你安装了Tomcat,这个jar包一般在tomcat安装目录\lib 文件夹下面有，当你把web项目部署到tomcat，...
servlet-api.jar
05-07
编写websocket时需要导入包，在Eclipse中编写servlet时出现"The import javax.servlet cannot be resolved" 问题解决办法
servlet-api
08-15
Tomcat中lib下的servlet-api包。
javax.servlet-api-3.1.0.jar中文文档.zip
03-01
javax.servlet-api-***.jar中文文档.zip,java,javax.servlet-api-***.jar,javax.servlet,javax.servlet-api,***,jar包,Maven,第三方jar包,组件,开源组件,第三方组件,Gradle,javax,servlet,api,中文API文档,手册,开发...
Element学习（布局组件、案例操作）（4）
m0_74363339的博客
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value：表示输入的值，提交表单后传给服务器的值——>"男"表示1，"女"表示2。定义数据模型时，对象要使用大括号。像这里searchForm: {....}3、这一步之后的效果展示（只是空有一个布局——>目前还没有任何的内容）2、找到这种布局对应的代码（复制——>粘贴到标签<div>中）5、 在主展示区域的上方添加"员工查询"的（且独占一行）表单。还有一个当点击"查询"按钮时，会触发一个方法，也要去声明。7、给表格增加一个边框——>加入border属性即可。6、日期选择器——>(官网中组件中找)
自习 leetcode+react官方文档学习
weixin_63681863的博客
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哈希完结+ 字符串第一题。
日常学习--20240806
xxm13679073037的博客
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调优
Zero123++ 论文学习
calvinpaean的博客
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随着新视图生成模型的涌现，3D 内容生成领域取得了显著进展，这些模型利用了强大的 2D 扩散生成先验知识，这些 2D 扩散模型是在互联网上的大规模数据集训练得到的。如果没有全局条件，针对可见区域生成的内容还是不错的，但是对于不可见区域，则生成质量就急剧下降了，因为模型缺乏推理物体的全局语义的能力。Reference Attention 指的就是，在对模型的输入去噪时，对一个额外的参考图像使用去噪 UNet 模型，并将参考图像中得到的自注意力 key 矩阵和 value 矩阵附加到去噪模型的相应的注意力层。
【OpenCV C++20 学习笔记】仿射变换-warpAffine, getRotationMatrix2D
TeamLee的博客
08-08 727
本文简要介绍了OpenCV中仿射变换的原理和算法，并详细展示了在OpenCV中如何使用getAffineTransform, getRotationMatrix2D和warpAffine方法对图片进行仿射变换和旋转。
【IC设计】昇腾910架构学习
最新发布
VICI的博客
08-10 174
昇腾910是华为的AI训练卡，基于7nm EUV工艺，其中有16个基于ARMv8定制的CPU，32个Ascend-Max AI加速器，使用4*6的无缓存NoC Mesh进行互联，使用HBM（High Bandwidth Memory）进行存储，提供128通道的视频译码器。本文内容是参考华为公开资料形成的个人观点，无侵权行为，内容仅供学习！
【GCC】结合GPT4 延迟梯度学习2：延迟梯度的计算及阈值更新
突围
08-06 99
拥塞控制
学习笔记第十九天
m0_69699758的博客
08-05 1085
标准输入（stdin）：默认是指键盘输入。标准输出（stdout）：默认是指显示器输出。标准错误（stderr）：用于输出错误信息，也是指向显示器，但与stdout不同，stderr通常是无缓冲的，以确保错误信息能立即显示。
Kubernetes（k3s）基础学习（三） -- Deployment、Service、Ingress
码农从0到1
08-10 283
通常来说，在编写yml 时，Pod与Deployment 成对出现。因为弹性伸缩的需要，Deployment 扮演着Pod 的监管者角色。仅仅通过Deployment配置文件就可以启动pod，所以不需要单独写pod的配置文件。执行完上述命令后，我们在输出终端也看到有一个Pod 被创建出来，IP地址为10.42.0.34。这个IP地址如所讲，只允许被Kubenetes 内部环境所访问，外网不能正常访问。怎样才能让外界能够访问容器呢？
【Python零基础学习】变量和简单数据类型
卓越之识论道，平常之识论事，狭隘之识论人
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【Python零基础学习】变量和简单数据类型
C++基础编程的学习3
m0_56701519的博客
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nullptr。
CSAPP B站陪跑视频学习笔记
Eeeeye_的博客
08-08 618
视频地址栈的作用：局部变量和参数：当函数被调用时，函数的局部变量和参数会被分配到栈上。这是因为这些变量的生命周期通常只限于函数执行期间。 函数调用链：栈用于管理函数调用链，包括保存函数调用的返回地址、当前函数的状态和局部变量等。 自动内存管理：栈是一种LIFO（后进先出）的数据结构，函数调用结束后，栈上的内存会自动释放，无需显式管理。运行时内存分配：动态变化的内存需求：在程序运行时，某些数据的大小和数量可能无法提前确定。栈允许在函数调用时动态分配这些数据的内存。栈帧（Stack Frame）：每次函数调用都
servlet-mapping> <servlet-name
05-23
>标签和<url-pattern>标签是在web.xml配置文件中用于将一个Servlet映射到一个URL上的。当一个请求到达Web服务器时，服务器通过解析URL找到对应的Servlet，并将请求分发给该Servlet进行处理。 <servlet-name>标签用于指定Servlet在配置文件中的名称，在其他地方引用时使用该名称来关联Servlet。 <url-pattern>标签用于指定Servlet要映射的URL模式。可以使用通配符来匹配多个URL，例如“/some/*”可以匹配所有以“/some/”开头的URL。
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