windows+cpp(四): vscode + Makefile开发cpp

准备

• gcc: 需要参考windows+cpp(二):安装cpp开发环境 MinGW 或 msys2 或 Cygwin 安装 MinGW 或 msys2 (推荐后者)
• vscode编写cpp的基本配置tasks.json, launch.json, .json, 可参考windows+cpp(三): VS code + MinGW, windows上编写调试cpp

Makefile

1. 创建一个main.cpp

   #include <iostream>
   
   int main()
   {
       std::cout << "hello\n";
       system("pause");
       return 0;
   }
   

2. 编写Makefile
   生成的可执行文件名为外部定义的变量target

   # 1. 获得外部传入的参数, in Makefile $(var) is same as ${var}
   TARGET = $(target)
   CCFLAGS = ${CFLAG}
   
   # 2. 定义编译相关的参数
   CC = g++
   CCFLAGS += -Wall 
   # include dep .h file
   header_path = -I .
   
   # 3. 获得所有的.h .cpp文件以及要编译生成的.o文件名
   # run shell command mkdir $(buildFolder), window not support such systax, need msys2
   buildFolder=Build/
   $(shell mkdir $(buildFolder))
   # get all *.h and *.cpp file
   deps = $(wildcard *.h)
   src = $(wildcard *.cpp)
   # replace suffix .cpp to .o, if xxx.cpp in src, get xxx.o
   obj = $(patsubst %.cpp, $(buildFolder)%.o, $(src)) 
   
   # print on terminal
   $(info 'deps' $(deps))
   $(info 'src' $(src))
   $(info 'obj' $(obj))
   
   # 4. 定义每个task对应的要执行的命令
   $(TARGET): $(obj)
   	$(CC) ${CCFLAGS} -o $(TARGET) $(obj) $(header_path)
   
   $(buildFolder)%.o: %.cpp $(deps)
   	$(CC) ${CCFLAGS} -c $< -o $@ $(header_path)
   
   .PHONY: clean
   clean:
   	rm -rf $(buildFolder) $(target)
   
   

3. 编译

   make target='main.exe' # 编译
   ./main.exe
   make target='main.exe' clean # 清除 
   

Build with Makefile on VSCode

1. Terminal > Configure Default Build Task > C/C++: g++ build active file，产生tasks.json；或者之间创建.vscode/tasks.json， 编辑如下，配置了build_debug / build_release / clean三种：

   通过设置target=${fileDirname}\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe将生成的可执行文件名定义出来，target将会传给Makefile中，定义对应的变量。

   {
   	"version": "2.0.0",
   	"tasks": [
   		{
   			"label": "build_debug",
   			"type": "shell",
   			"command": "make",  // run command
   			"args": ["target=${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe", "CFLAG=-g"], // pass to Makefile
   			"group": {
   				"kind": "build",         // add to Run Build Task
   				"isDefault": true
   			},
   			"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"]
   		},
   		{
   			"label": "build_release",
   			"type": "shell",
   			"command": "make",
   			"args": ["target=${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe", "CFLAG=-O2"],  // pass to Makefile
   			"group": {
   				"kind": "build",
   				"isDefault": true
   			},
   			"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"]
   		},
   		{
               "label": "clean",
               "type": "shell",
               "command": "make clean",
   			"args": ["target=${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"],  // pass to Makefile
               "group": {
                   "kind": "build",
                   "isDefault": true
               },
               "problemMatcher": ["$eslint-compact"]
           }
   	]
   }
   

2. 选择Terminal > Run Task / Run Build Task (Ctrl +shift + B) ， 选择build_debug / build_release / clean运行

Debug with Makefile on VSCode

1. 选择Run->Add Configuration->C++ (GDB/LLDB)->g++.exe build and debug active file. 生成launch.json

   {
       // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
       // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
       // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
       "version": "0.2.0",
       "configurations": [
           {
               "name": "g++.exe - 生成和调试活动文件",
               "type": "cppdbg",
               "request": "launch",
               "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
               "args": [],
               "stopAtEntry": false,
               "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
               "environment": [],
               "externalConsole": false,
               "MIMode": "gdb",
               "miDebuggerPath": "E:\\compiler\\ide\\msys2\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe",
               "setupCommands": [
                   {
                       "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                       "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                       "ignoreFailures": true
                   }
               ],
               "preLaunchTask": "build_debug"
           }
       ]
   }
   

   保证要调试的program设置要与Makefile生成的可执行文件名一致，前面生成的可执行文件名为target=${fileDirname}\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe，因此这里也要设置为这个名字。

2. 回到main.cpp, 设置断点，F5开始debug.