关于socket send recv 两个函数各种错误说明

首先吐槽以下微软的socket的两个最重要的API：send函数和recv函数，本菜鸟感觉这两个函数是用来给程序员自己开发的函数，用起来跟翔一样的体验。

int recv(
  _In_  SOCKET s,
  _Out_ char   *buf,
  _In_  int    len,
  _In_  int    flags
);

int send(
  _In_       SOCKET s,
  _In_ const char   *buf,
  _In_       int    len,
  _In_       int    flags
);

这是这两个函数的原型，参数含义我就不解释了，这里面常见的两种错误：

1、发送长度问题。这是个老生常谈的问题，在send一串字符的时候应该首先发送这串字符的长度n，然后才能在recv的时候recv(HANDLE , recvstring , n , 0);

2、还是发送长度的问题。在现实程序中发现一个问题，当发送长度过大时候，经常一次recv不够完全，需要多次recv才能接收完全，经常发现send 10000个字符，recv返回的接收字符串长度小于10000。这时候就应该这样写

int cSocket::SendBits(char * s , int bytes)
{
	int sendbytes = 0;
	while(sendbytes < bytes)  //实际发送长度小于应该发送长度</span>
	{
		sendbytes+= send( hSocket , (char *)(s+sendbytes) , bytes-sendbytes , 0 );
	}
	return sendbytes;
}

int cSocket::RecvBits(char *& s , int bytes)
{
	int recvbytes = 0;
	while(recvbytes < bytes)  //实际接收长度小于应该接收长度
	{
		recvbytes += recv( hSocket , s+recvbytes , bytes-recvbytes , 0 );
	}
	return recvbytes;
}

再来对比以下MSDN上面的例子

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN

#include <winsock2.h>
#include <Ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdio.h>

// Link with ws2_32.lib
#pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib")

#define DEFAULT_BUFLEN 512
#define DEFAULT_PORT "27015"

int __cdecl main() {

    //----------------------
    // Declare and initialize variables.
    WSADATA wsaData;
    int iResult;

    SOCKET ConnectSocket = INVALID_SOCKET;
    struct sockaddr_in clientService; 

    char *sendbuf = "this is a test";
    char recvbuf[DEFAULT_BUFLEN];
    int recvbuflen = DEFAULT_BUFLEN;
  
    //----------------------
    // Initialize Winsock
    iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData);
    if (iResult != NO_ERROR) {
      printf("WSAStartup failed: %d\n", iResult);
      return 1;
    }

    //----------------------
    // Create a SOCKET for connecting to server
    ConnectSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if (ConnectSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
        printf("Error at socket(): %ld\n", WSAGetLastError() );
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }

    //----------------------
    // The sockaddr_in structure specifies the address family,
    // IP address, and port of the server to be connected to.
    clientService.sin_family = AF_INET;
    clientService.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr( "127.0.0.1" );
    clientService.sin_port = htons( 27015 );

    //----------------------
    // Connect to server.
    iResult = connect( ConnectSocket, (SOCKADDR*) &clientService, sizeof(clientService) );
    if ( iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        closesocket (ConnectSocket);
        printf("Unable to connect to server: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError());
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }

    // Send an initial buffer
    iResult = send( ConnectSocket, sendbuf, (int)strlen(sendbuf), 0 );
    if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        printf("send failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
        closesocket(ConnectSocket);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }

    printf("Bytes Sent: %ld\n", iResult);

    // shutdown the connection since no more data will be sent
    iResult = shutdown(ConnectSocket, SD_SEND);
    if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        printf("shutdown failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
        closesocket(ConnectSocket);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }

    // Receive until the peer closes the connection
    do {

        iResult = recv(ConnectSocket, recvbuf, recvbuflen, 0);
        if ( iResult > 0 )
            printf("Bytes received: %d\n", iResult);
        else if ( iResult == 0 )
            printf("Connection closed\n");
        else
            printf("recv failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());

    } while( iResult > 0 );

    // cleanup
    closesocket(ConnectSocket);
    WSACleanup();

    return 0;
}

MSDN在处理recvbuf的时候任然没有判断iResult和recvbuflen之间的关系。为整个程序埋下了隐患。（其实在MSDN remark中有简单说明）真是坑啊。