高数习题7.3（上）

计算下列三重积分

1. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }(z+z^2)dV$，其中$\Omega$为单位球：$x^2+y^2+z^2\le 1.$
   解：
   因为$\Omega$关于$xOy$面对称，所以${\iiint }_{\Omega }zdV=0$
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }(z+z^2)dV& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }{z}^{2}dV\\ & ={\int }_0^{1}d\rho {\int }_0^{\pi }d\phi {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\rho }^{2}co{s}^2\phi {\rho }^{2}sin\phi \\ & =-\frac{2\pi }{5}{\int }_0^{\pi }co{s}^2\phi dcos\phi \\ & =-\frac{2\pi }{5}(\frac{1}{3}co{s}^3\phi {|}_0^{\pi })\\ & =\frac{4\pi }{15}\end{array}$
2. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }{x}^2{y}^{2}zdV$，其中$\Omega$是由$2z=x^2+y^2,z=2$所围成的区域.
   解：
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }{x}^2{y}^{2}zdV& ={\int }_0^{2}dz{\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{\sqrt{2z}}{r}^{2}si{n}^2\theta r^{2}co{s}^2\theta zrdr\\ & ={\int }_0^2\frac{4z^4}{3}dz{\int }_0^{2\pi }\frac{1-cos4\theta }{8}d\theta \\ & =\frac{16}{15}(\theta -\frac{sin4\theta }{4}){|}_0^{2\pi }\\ & =\frac{32\pi }{15}\end{array}$
3. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }{x}^{2}sinxdxdydz$，其中$\Omega$是由平面$z=0,y+z=1$及柱面$y=x^2$所围成的区域.
   解：因为$\Omega$关于$yOz$面对称，所以${\iiint }_{\Omega }{x}^{2}sinxdV=0$
4. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }zdxdydz$，其中$\Omega$是由$x^2+y^2=4,z=x^2+y^2$及$z=0$所围.
   解：
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }zdxdydz& ={\int }_0^{4}dz{\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_{\sqrt{z}}^{2}zrdr\\ & =\pi {\int }_0^{4}z(4-z)dz\\ & =\frac{32\pi }{3}\end{array}$
5. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2-y^2-z^2)dV$，$\Omega :x^2+y^2+z^2\le a^2.$
   解：
   利用轮换对称性：
   ${\iiint }_{\Omega }{x}^{2}dV={\iiint }_{\Omega }{y}^{2}dV={\iiint }_{\Omega }{z}^{2}dV$
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2-y^2-z^2)dV& =-{\iiint }_{\Omega }{z}^{2}dV\\ & =-{\int }_0^{a}d\rho {\int }_0^{\pi }d\phi {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\rho }^{2}co{s}^2\phi {\rho }^{2}sin\phi \\ & =\frac{2a^5\pi }{5}{\int }_0^{\pi }co{s}^2\phi dcos\phi \\ & =\frac{2a^5\pi }{5}(\frac{1}{3}co{s}^3\phi {|}_0^{\pi })\\ & =-\frac{4a^5}{15}\pi \end{array}$
6. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2)dV$，$\Omega :3\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\le z\le 3.$
   解：
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2)dV& ={\int }_0^{3}dz{\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{\frac{z}{3}}{r}^{2}rdr\\ & =2\pi {\int }_0^3\frac{z^4}{3^4\cdot 4}dz\\ & =\frac{3}{10}\pi \end{array}$
7. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }(y^2+z^2)dV$，$\Omega :0\le a^2\le x^2+y^2+z^2\le b^2.$
   解：
   利用轮换对称性：
   ${\iiint }_{\Omega }{x}^{2}dV={\iiint }_{\Omega }{y}^{2}dV={\iiint }_{\Omega }{z}^{2}dV$
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }(y^2+z^2)dV& =2{\iiint }_{\Omega }{z}^{2}dV\\ & =2{\int }_a^{b}d\rho {\int }_0^{\pi }d\phi {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\rho }^{2}co{s}^2\phi {\rho }^{2}sin\phi \\ & =\frac{4(a^5-b^5)\pi }{5}{\int }_0^{\pi }co{s}^2\phi dcos\phi \\ & =\frac{4(a^5-b^5)\pi }{5}(\frac{1}{3}co{s}^3\phi {|}_0^{\pi })\\ & =\frac{8\pi }{15}(b^5-a^5)\end{array}$
8. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+z^2)dV$，$\Omega :x^2+y^2\le z\le 1.$
   解：
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+z^2)dV& ={\int }_0^{1}dz{\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{\sqrt{z}}(r^{2}co{s}^2\theta +z^2)rdr\\ & ={\int }_0^{1}dz{\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta (\frac{z^2}{4}co{s}^2\theta +\frac{z^3}{2})\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta (\frac{1}{12}co{s}^2\theta +\frac{1}{8})\\ & =\frac{\pi }{3}\end{array}$
9. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }{z}^{2}dV$，$\Omega :x^2+y^2+z^2\le R^2,x^2+y^2\le Rx(R>0).$
   解：
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }{z}^{2}dV& ={\int }_{-\frac{\pi }{2}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}d\theta {\int }_0^{Rcos\theta }rdr{\int }_{-\sqrt{R^2-r^2}}^{\sqrt{R^2-r^2}}{z}^{2}dz\\ & =\frac{2}{3}{\int }_{-\frac{\pi }{2}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}d\theta {\int }_0^{Rcos\theta }r(\sqrt{R^2-r^2}{)}^{3}dr\\ & =\frac{2R^5}{15}{\int }_{-\frac{\pi }{2}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}(1-|si{n}^5\theta |)d\theta \\ & =\frac{2}{15}{R}^5(\pi -2\cdot \frac{4}{5}\cdot \frac{2}{3})\\ & =\frac{2}{15}{R}^5(\pi -\frac{16}{15})\end{array}$
10. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }(1+xy+yz+zx)dV$，其中$\Omega$由曲面$x^2+y^2=2z$及$x^2+y^2+z^2=8$所围且$z\ge 0$的部分.
    解：
    因为$\Omega$关于$xOz$面对称，所以${\iiint }_{\Omega }(xy+yz)dV=0$
    因为$\Omega$关于$yOz$面对称，所以${\iiint }_{\Omega }(xy+zx)dV=0$
    $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }(1+xy+yz+zx)dV& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }dV\\ & ={\int }_0^{2}dr{\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_{\frac{r^2}{2}}^{\sqrt{8-r^2}}rdz\\ & =2\pi {\int }_0^2(r\sqrt{8-r^2}-\frac{r^3}{2})dr\\ & =2\pi [-\frac{(8-r^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}-\frac{r^4}{8}]{|}_0^2\\ & =2\pi (\frac{16\sqrt{2}}{3}-\frac{14}{3})\end{array}$
11. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2)dV$，$\Omega$由$z=\sqrt{R^2-x^2-y^2}$与$z=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$所围.
    解：
    $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2)dV& ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{\frac{\sqrt{2}R}{2}}dr{\int }_r^{\sqrt{R^2-r^2}}{r}^2\cdot rdz\\ & =2\pi {\int }_0^{\frac{\sqrt{2}R}{2}}(\sqrt{R^2-r^2}-r)r^{3}dr\\ & =2\pi [-\frac{1}{3}{r}^2(R^2-r^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}-\frac{2}{15}(R^2-r^2{)}^{\frac{5}{2}}-\frac{1}{5}{r}^5]{|}_0^{\frac{\sqrt{2}R}{2}}\\ & =\pi R^5(\frac{4}{15}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{6})\end{array}$