一、相关结构与函数
n timer_list
linux内核用timer_list表征一个定时器。
struct timer_list {
struct list_head entry;
unsigned long expires;
void (*function)(unsigned long);
unsigned long data;
struct timer_base_s *base;
};
n 初始化定时器
1.void init_timer(struct timer_list *timer);
entry.next=NULL;base有初值
2.TIMER_INITALLIZER(_function,_expires,_data)
该宏用于赋值定时器结构体的function,expires,data和base成员。
3.DEFINE_TIMER(_name,_function,_expires,_data)
4.setup_timer(struct timer_list *timer,
void(*function)(unsigned long),
unsigned long data)
初始化function和data两个成员
n 增加定时器
void add_timer(struct timer_list *timer)
n 删除定时器
int del_timer(struct timer_list *timer);
n 修改定时器的expires
int mod_timer(struct timer_list *timer,unsigned long expires);
二、LPC3250相关
/mach-lpc32xx/timer-lpc32xx.c
n clk_is_sysclk_mainosc(void);
判断sysclk的时钟源是否是基于主振荡器,是返回1,否返回0
n local_clk_get_pllrate_from_reg(u32 inputclk, u32 regval);
根据regal寄存器的值来设置PLL,从而得到pll的时钟输出(HCLK PLL)
n clk_get_pclk_div(void)
从HCLK分频器中获得PCLK的分频值
n static irqreturn_t lpc32xx_timer_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
定时器0的中断处理函数,其中一部分功能是让系统灯闪烁。
n setup_irq (IRQ_TIMER0, &lpc32xx_timer_irq);
静态注册irqaction结构体,request_irq( ),最终也是调用这个函数实现的。
三、经查资料了解到,以上所说的定时器是属于软件定时,这和嵌入式开发中实际的硬件定时器不一样的。网上说可以利用clocksource和clock_event_device两个结构体来和实际的硬件定时器做连接。
(来自《linux设备开发详解》)
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/timer.h> /*包括timer.h头文件*/
#include <asm/atomic.h>
#define SECOND_MAJOR 252 /*预设的second的主设备号*/
static int second_major = SECOND_MAJOR;
/*second设备结构体*/
struct second_dev
{
struct cdev cdev; /*cdev结构体*/
atomic_t counter;/* 一共经历了多少秒?*/
struct timer_list s_timer; /*设备要使用的定时器*/
};
struct second_dev *second_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/
/*定时器处理函数*/
static void second_timer_handle(unsigned long arg)
{
mod_timer(&second_devp->s_timer,jiffies + HZ);
atomic_inc(&second_devp->counter);
printk(KERN_NOTICE "current jiffies is %ld\n", jiffies);
}
/*文件打开函数*/
int second_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
/*初始化定时器*/
init_timer(&second_devp->s_timer);
second_devp->s_timer.function = &second_timer_handle;
second_devp->s_timer.expires = jiffies + HZ;
add_timer(&second_devp->s_timer); /*添加(注册)定时器*/
atomic_set(&second_devp->counter,0); //计数清0
return 0;
}
/*文件释放函数*/
int second_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
del_timer(&second_devp->s_timer);
return 0;
}
/*globalfifo读函数*/
static ssize_t second_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count,
loff_t *ppos)
{
int counter;
counter = atomic_read(&second_devp->counter);
if(put_user(counter, (int*)buf))
return - EFAULT;
else
return sizeof(unsigned int);
}
/*文件操作结构体*/
static const struct file_operations second_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = second_open,
.release = second_release,
.read = second_read,
};
/*初始化并注册cdev*/
static void second_setup_cdev(struct second_dev *dev, int index)
{
int err, devno = MKDEV(second_major, index);
cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &second_fops);
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
dev->cdev.ops = &second_fops;
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
if (err)
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding LED%d", err, index);
}
/*设备驱动模块加载函数*/
int second_init(void)
{
int ret;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(second_major, 0);
/* 申请设备号*/
if (second_major)
ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "second");
else /* 动态申请设备号 */
{
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "second");
second_major = MAJOR(devno);
}
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
/* 动态申请设备结构体的内存*/
second_devp = kmalloc(sizeof(struct second_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!second_devp) /*申请失败*/
{
ret = - ENOMEM;
goto fail_malloc;
}
memset(second_devp, 0, sizeof(struct second_dev));
second_setup_cdev(second_devp, 0);
return 0;
fail_malloc: unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
}
/*模块卸载函数*/
void second_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&second_devp->cdev); /*注销cdev*/
kfree(second_devp); /*释放设备结构体内存*/
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(second_major, 0), 1); /*释放设备号*/
}
MODULE_AUTHOR("Song Baohua");
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
module_param(second_major, int, S_IRUGO);
module_init(second_init);
module_exit(second_exit);
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
main()
{
int fd;
int counter = 0;
int old_counter = 0;
/*打开/dev/second设备文件*/
fd = open("/dev/second", O_RDONLY);
if (fd != - 1)
{
while (1)
{
read(fd,&counter, sizeof(unsigned int));//读目前经历的秒数
if(counter!=old_counter)
{
printf("seconds after open /dev/second :%d\n",counter);
old_counter = counter;
}
}
}
else
{
printf("Device open failure\n");
}
四、延时
n 短延时
void ndelay(unsigned long nsecs);
void udelay(unsigned long usecs);
void mdelay(unsigned long msecs);
以上延迟实现的原理本质上是忙等待。
对于ms级以上的延时可以使用以下函数
void msleep(unsigned int millisecs);
unsigned long msleep_interruptible(unsigned int millisecs);
void ssleep(unsigned int seconds);
n 长延时
unsigned long delay = jiffies + 100;
while(time_before(jiffies,delay));
unsigned long delay = jiffies +2*HZ
while(time_before(jiffies,delay));
n 睡着延时
schedule_timeout()可以使当前任务睡眠指定的jiffies之后重新被调度执行。msleep()和msleep_interruptible()在本质上都是依靠包含了schedule_timeout()实现的。
下面两个函数可以让进程在等待队列上睡眠,当超时发生时,进程被唤醒。
sleep_on_timeout(wait_queue_head_t *q,unsigned long timeout);
interruptible_sleep_on_timeou(wait_queue_head_t *q,unsigned long timeout);