C++面向对象高级编程（侯捷）—— 4.参数传递和返回值

const member function 常量成员函数

• 说明该函数不会改变成员数据的内容
• 当该成员函数不会改变data时，一定要记得加const
• const类型的类对象，只能调用const的成员函数

class complex
{
public:
    double real () const { return re; } //const
    double imag () const { return im; } //const
private:
    double re, im;
};

参数传递：pass by value vs. pass by reference (to const)

• 尽量 pass by reference
• 引用&的底层就是指针*
• (to const) 是说该函数不可以改变该参数

class complex
{
public:
    complex (double r = 0, double i = 0) // pass by value
        : re (r), im (i)
    { }
    complex& operator += (const complex&); // pass by reference (to const)
private:
    double re, im;
    friend complex& __doapl (complex*, const complex&); // pass by reference (to const)
};

ostream&
operator << (ostream& os, const complex& x) // pass by reference
{
    retur