基于stm32f103的HC-SR04超声波模块的用法(HAL库)

一、CubeMX配置

1、配置sys

2、配置RCC

3、配置时钟树

4、配置GPIO——Trig引脚

5、配置定时器——输入捕获模式

6、开启中断使能

7、配置IIC

8、选择工程路径

9、勾选分文件编写

10、生成代码

二、keil程序的编写

1、SR04.c

#include "SR04.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "OLEDFont.h"

float distant;      //测量距离
uint32_t measure_Buf[3] = {0};   //存放定时器计数值的数组
uint8_t  measure_Cnt = 0;    //状态标志位
uint32_t high_time;   //超声波模块返回的高电平时间
 
 
//===============================================读取距离
void SR04_GetData(void)
{
switch (measure_Cnt){
	case 0:
         TRIG_H;
         delay_us(30);
         TRIG_L;
    
		measure_Cnt++;
		__HAL_TIM_SET_CAPTUREPOLARITY(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1, TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_RISING);
		HAL_TIM_IC_Start_IT(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1);	//启动输入捕获       或者: __HAL_TIM_ENABLE(&htim5);                                                                                    		
        break;
	case 3:
	if( measure_Buf[1]>=measure_Buf[0])
	{
		high_time = measure_Buf[1]- measure_Buf[0];    //高电平时间
		OLED_ShowString(0,0,(char *)"high_time:",16,0);
		OLED_Showdecimal(81,0,high_time,2,2,16,0);
		distant=(high_time*0.034)/2;  //单位cm
		OLED_ShowString(0,2,(char *)"distant:",16,0);
		OLED_Showdecimal(65,2,distant,2,2,16,0);
	}
	else
	{
		high_time =0xffff+ measure_Buf[1]- measure_Buf[0]; 
    printf("\r\n----高电平时间-%d-us----\r\n",high_time);							
		distant=(high_time*0.034)/2;  //单位cm
    printf("\r\n-检测距离为-%.2f-cm-\r\n",distant); 
	}
	measure_Cnt = 0;  //清空标志位
	TIM2->CNT=0;     //清空计时器计数
	break;
				
	}
}
 
 
//===============================================us延时函数
    void delay_us(uint32_t us)//主频72M
{
    uint32_t delay = (HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq() / 4000000 * us);
    while (delay--)
	{
		;
	}
}
 
//===============================================中断回调函数
void HAL_TIM_IC_CaptureCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)//
{
	
	if(TIM2 == htim->Instance)// 判断触发的中断的定时器为TIM2
	{
		switch(measure_Cnt){
			case 1:
				measure_Buf[0] = HAL_TIM_ReadCapturedValue(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_1);//获取当前的捕获值.
				__HAL_TIM_SET_CAPTUREPOLARITY(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_1,TIM_ICPOLARITY_FALLING);  //设置为下降沿捕获
				measure_Cnt++;                                            
				break;              
			case 2:
				measure_Buf[1] = HAL_TIM_ReadCapturedValue(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_1);//获取当前的捕获值.
				HAL_TIM_IC_Stop_IT(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_1); //停止捕获   或者: __HAL_TIM_DISABLE(&htim5);
				measure_Cnt++;  
                         
		}
	
	}
	
}
 

2、SR04.h

#ifndef __SR04_H
#define __SR04_H
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "stdio.h"
 
#define TRIG_H  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(Trig_GPIO_Port,Trig_Pin,GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define TRIG_L  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(Trig_GPIO_Port,Trig_Pin,GPIO_PIN_RESET)
 
void delay_us(uint32_t us);
void SR04_GetData(void);


#endif

3、main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "i2c.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
#include "SR04.h"

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
#include "OLED.h"

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();
  MX_I2C1_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	OLED_Init();
	OLED_Clear();
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
		SR04_GetData();
    HAL_Delay(1500);
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

4、oled代码

http://链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1oYv5skF4cE0vQFFbdIgovw?pwd=c4sp 提取码：c4sp

三、接线方式

注意：板子需要usb供电5V引脚才能达到5V

三、效果演示