以太坊学习day2

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最新推荐文章于 2023-04-07 10:57:08 发布

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分类专栏：区块链文章标签：区块链 eth ethereum

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yqq1997/article/details/116785228

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写于2018.12

以太坊学习day2

安全问题

软分叉:如果区块链的共识规则改变后,这种改变是向前兼容的,旧节点可以兼容新节点产生的区块,即为软
分叉。
硬分叉:如果区块链软件的共识规则被改变,并且这种规则改变无法向前兼容,旧节点无法认可新节点产生的
区块,即为硬分叉.(例如以太坊的硬分叉)

环境搭建

0.npm和cnpm安装

高版本的nodejs, 安装时总是出现错误 , 建议退回到v8.10.0稳定版, 以后开发时也要注意, 别使用太新的版本.
安装淘宝npm镜像源npm --registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org.info underscore, 然后在用户目录下编辑.npmrc文件加入
```
msvs_version=2015
registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
```
参考https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/9080802239521cfd90c80f55.html 安装 cnpm.

1.solc安装

高版本的solc总是编译报错, 安装 0.4.25就正常了 `npm install solc@0.4.25

2.mocha安装

npm install mocha -g 安装即可, 目前我安装的版本是 5.2.0

3.ganache安装

安装 6.1.6版本的, 太新的版本总是有坑.

npm install  ganache-cli@6.1.6

4.Web3安装

我遇到的坑和解决方法: https://github.com/ethereum/web3.js/issues/943#issuecomment-448249883

5.truffle-hdwallet-provider安装

用npm安装, 总是卡在安装scrypt, 折腾到半夜, 最后用 cnpm insta truffle-hdwallet-provider -g'安装成功了.

使用时注意加’0x’, 否则会有gas limit错误. data:'0x'+bytecode. 参考Stack Overflow

6.express安装

npm install express安装即可

案例1:手动编译智能合约

智能合约源文件 inbox.sol

pragma solidity ^0.4.17;

contract Inbox {
    string  public message;
    
    function Inbox(string _message) public{
        message = _message;
    }
    
    function setMessage(string _message ) public{
        message = _message;
    }

    function getMessage() public view returns(string){
        return message;
    }
}

源文件 : compile.js

//使用npm  install solc@0.4.25   , 高版本有错

const path = require("path");
const fs = require("fs");
const solc = require("solc");

const srcpath = path.resolve(__dirname, "contracts", "inbox.sol");
// console.log(srcpath);

const source = fs.readFileSync(srcpath, 'utf-8');
// console.log(source);

const result =  solc.compile(source, 1);
// console.log(result);

module.exports = result.contracts[':Inbox'];   //导出编译结果, 部署合约时需要用到

案例2:使用mocha编写测试用例

使用ganache作为测试网络

源文件: Inbox.test.js

//'use strict';

/**
 * @author: yqq
 * @create: 2018-12-18 23:13
 * @descriptions:
 */

const assert = require('assert');
const ganache = require('ganache-cli');
const {interface, bytecode} = require('../compile');  //itface --> interface

//变量以大写开头, 表示是构造方法
const Web3 = require('web3');
const web3 = new Web3(ganache.provider());  //设置 ganache测试网络




describe('测试智能合约', ()=>{

    it('测试web3的版本', ()=>{
        console.log(web3.version);
    });
    
    
    it('测试web3的网络', ()=>{
        
        // console.log(web3.currentProvider);
        console.log(web3.utils.toHex("abcABC"));
        console.log(web3.utils.toHex({abc:"abc"}));
        console.log(web3.utils.fromAscii('ethereum', 32)); //将ascii码转为 十六进制字符串
        console.log(web3.utils.toWei('1', "ether")) //将以太币 转为  wei

    });


    it("测试web3的api", ()=>{
        web3.eth.getAccounts().then((accounts)=>{
            console.log(accounts);
        });
        		      web3.eth.getBalance('0x135D8ccF20f4125a547E2c8CaaEed04C422115EE').then((balance)=>{
            console.log(balance);
        });
    });

    it("使用ES6标准", async ()=>{
        const accounts =  await web3.eth.getAccounts();
        console.log(accounts);
        const money = await  web3.eth.getBalance(accounts[0]);
        console.log(web3.utils.fromWei(money, 'ether'), "eth");

    });


    it("测试部署智能合约", async ()=>{
        const accounts =  await web3.eth.getAccounts();
        const result = await new web3.eth.Contract(JSON.parse(interface))
            .deploy({data:bytecode, arguments:['abc']})
            .send({from:accounts[0], gas:1000000}); //gas limit 1000000刚刚,  太小会报错
        
        console.log("地址" + result.options.address);


        //测试getMessage
        let message = await result.methods.getMessage().call();
        console.log(message);
        assert.equal(message, "abc");


        //测试setMessage
        await result.methods.setMessage("i am yqq").send({
            from : accounts[0],
            gas : 1000000,
        });

        //再次读取
        message = await result.methods.getMessage().call();
        console.log(message);
        assert.equal(message, "i am yqq");

    });


});

案例3:部署智能合约到Rinkeby网络

使用 truffle-hdwallet-provider 和 infura将智能合约部署到Rinkeby测试网络.

源文件为: deploy.js

const {interface, bytecode} = require('./compile');
const Web3 = require('web3');
const HDWalletProvider = require('truffle-hdwallet-provider');

//注册以太坊账号时, 获取的助记词
const mnemonic = "mother citizen apart father resemble coral section pony floor brother fuel lottery";

//在infura注册账号,并创建项目, 设置Rinkeby网络,即可获取链接
const provider = new HDWalletProvider(mnemonic, "https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/db5a95cd5605439b8983f00bc6433878"); 
const web3 = new Web3(provider);


deploy = async ()=>{
    const accounts =  await web3.eth.getAccounts();
    console.log(accounts[0]);
    const result = await new web3.eth.Contract(JSON.parse(interface))
        .deploy({data:'0x'+bytecode, arguments:['abc']})  //注意: 需要 加 '0x', 否则报错 
        .send({from:accounts[0], gas:'3000000'}); //gas limit 

    console.log("地址" + result.options.address);

    let message = await result.methods.getMessage().call();
    console.log(message);

    //测试setMessage
    await result.methods.setMessage("i am yqq").send({
        from : accounts[0],
        gas : '3000000',
    });

    message = await result.methods.getMessage().call();
    console.log(message);

};

deploy();

部署结果: https://rinkeby.etherscan.io/address/0x2e9da80b035a3af39a8c96722e0559d4effd7d17

在这里插入图片描述

案例4:自己写一个水龙头

源文件: SendMoney/WebServer.js

//'use strict';

/**
 * @author: yqq
 * @create: 2018-12-19 12:30
 * @descriptions:
 */

const HDWalletProvider = require('truffle-hdwallet-provider');
const mnemonic = "mother citizen apart father resemble coral section pony floor brother fuel lottery";
const provider = new HDWalletProvider(mnemonic, "https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/db5a95cd5605439b8983f00bc6433878");
const Web3 = require('web3');
const web3 = new Web3(provider);

const express = require('express');
const app = express();

app.get('/send/:address', async (req, res) => {
    let toAddress = req.params.address;
    console.log(toAddress);

    const accounts = ['0x954d1a58c7abd4ac8ebe05f59191Cf718eb0cB89', toAddress];
    let accout0Balance = await web3.eth.getBalance(accounts[0]);
    let accout1Balance = await web3.eth.getBalance(accounts[1]);

    console.log('account[0] = '+ accout0Balance + ' wei');
    console.log('account[1] = '+ accout1Balance + ' wei');


    let strData  = '真他妈的什么人都有!';
    let inputData = '0x' + Buffer.from(strData).toString('hex');


    await web3.eth.sendTransaction({
        from:accounts[0],
        to: accounts[1],
        value: web3.utils.toWei('1', 'ether'),
        data:inputData
    });

    accout0Balance = await web3.eth.getBalance(accounts[0]);
    accout1Balance = await web3.eth.getBalance(accounts[1]);

    console.log('account[0] = '+ accout0Balance + ' wei');
    console.log('account[1] = '+ accout1Balance + ' wei');


    res.send("转账成功");
     //res.send(req.params.address);
});


app.get('/', (req, res) => {
    res.send('Hello World!');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
   console.log('Example app listening on port 3000!');
});