线程的三种创建方式

线程的三种创建方式

Java 提供了三种创建线程的方法：
①通过实现 Runnable 接口；
②通过继承 Thread 类本身；
③通过 Callable 和 Future 创建线程；

通过实现 Runnable 接口

实现Runnable接口来创建并启动线程的步骤如下：

1 定义Runnable接口的实现类，重写该接口的run()方法，该run()方法的方法体是该线程的线程执行体。
2 创建Runnable实现类的实例，并以此实例作为Thread的target来创建Thread对象，该Thread对象才是真正的线程对象。
3 调用线程对象的start()方法来启动该线程。

package com.demo.thread.Runnable;
 
public class RunnableDemo implements Runnable {
	private Thread t;
	private String threadName;// 线程名字
 
	RunnableDemo(String name) {
		threadName = name;
		System.out.println("Creating: " + threadName);
	}
 
	@Override
	public void run() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("Running: " + threadName);
		try {
			for (int i = 4; i > 0; i--) {
				System.out.println("Thread: " + threadName + ", " + i);
				// 让线程睡眠一会
				Thread.sleep(500);
			}
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			System.out.println("Thread: " + threadName + " interrupted.");
		}
		System.out.println("Thread: " + threadName + " exiting.");
	}
 
	public void start() {
		System.out.println("Starting: " + threadName);
		if (t == null) {
			t = new Thread(this, threadName);
			t.start();
		}
	}
 
}

package com.demo.thread.Runnable;
 
public class TestRunnable {
 
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		 RunnableDemo R1 = new RunnableDemo( "Thread-1");
	      R1.start();
	      
	      RunnableDemo R2 = new RunnableDemo( "Thread-2");
	      R2.start();
		
	}
 
 
}

运行结果：

通过继承 Thread 类本身

通过继承Thread类创建线程并启动多线程的步骤：

1 定义Thread的子类，并重写该类的run()方法，该run()方法的方法体代表了线程需要完成的任务。因此run()方法称为线程执行体。
2 创建Thread子类的实例，即创建子线程对象。
3 调用线程对象的start()方法来启动该线程。

package com.demo.thread.Thread;
 
public class ThreadDemo extends Thread {
	private Thread t;
	private String threadName;
 
	ThreadDemo(String name) {
		threadName = name;
		System.out.println("Creating " + threadName);
	}
 
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("Running " + threadName);
		try {
			for (int i = 4; i > 0; i--) {
				System.out.println("Thread: " + threadName + ", " + i);
				// 让线程睡眠一会
				Thread.sleep(50);
			}
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			System.out.println("Thread " + threadName + " interrupted.");
		}
		System.out.println("Thread " + threadName + " exiting.");
	}
 
	public void start() {
		System.out.println("Starting " + threadName);
		if (t == null) {
			t = new Thread(this, threadName);
			t.start();
		}
	}
}

package com.demo.thread.Thread;
 
public class TestThread {
 
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ThreadDemo T1 = new ThreadDemo("Thread-1");
		T1.start();
 
		ThreadDemo T2 = new ThreadDemo("Thread-2");
		T2.start();
	}
 
 
}

运行结果：

通过 Callable 和 Future 创建线程

1、创建Callable接口的实现类，实现call() 方法
2、创建Callable实现类实例，通过FutureTask类来包装Callable对象，
该对象封装了Callable对象的call()方法的返回值。
3、将创建的FutureTask对象作为target参数传入，创建Thread线程实例并启动新线程。
4、调用FutureTask对象的get方法获取返回值。

package com.demo.thread.Callable_Future;
 
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
 
public class CallableThreadTest implements Callable<Integer> {
    public static void main(String[] args)  
    {  
        CallableThreadTest ctt = new CallableThreadTest();  
        FutureTask<Integer> ft = new FutureTask<>(ctt);  
        for(int i = 0;i < 100;i++)  
        {  
            //System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 的循环变量i的值"+i);  
            if(i==20)  
            {  
                new Thread(ft,"有返回值的线程").start();  
            }  
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 的循环变量i的值"+i); 
        }  
        try  
        {  
            System.out.println("子线程的返回值："+ft.get());  
        } catch (InterruptedException e)  
        {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (ExecutionException e)  
        {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
  
    }
    @Override  
    public Integer call() throws Exception  
    {  
        int i = 0;  
        for(;i<5;i++)  
        {  
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" call()方法 ："+i);  
        }  
        return i;  
    }  
}

当然，根据阿里巴巴Java开发规范，创建线程还是强烈推荐使用线程池创建，不要直接创建

  public static void main(String[] args) {
//        线程池不允许使用Executors去创建，而是通过ThreadPoolExecutor的方式，这样的处理方式让写的同学更加明确线程池的运行规则，规避资源耗尽的风险。 说明：Executors返回的线程池对象的弊端如下：
//        1）FixedThreadPool和SingleThreadPool:
//          允许的请求队列长度为Integer.MAX_VALUE，可能会堆积大量的请求，从而导致OOM。
//        2）CachedThreadPool:
//          允许的创建线程数量为Integer.MAX_VALUE，可能会创建大量的线程，从而导致OOM。
//
        //示例一
        ScheduledExecutorService executorService = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1,
                new BasicThreadFactory.Builder().namingPattern("example-schedule-pool-%d").daemon(true).build());

        //示例二
        ThreadFactory namedThreadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
                .setNameFormat("demo-pool-%d").build();

        //Common Thread Pool
        ExecutorService pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(6, 200,
                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1024), namedThreadFactory, new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            pool.execute(()-> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()));
        }

        pool.shutdown();//gracefully shutdown

    }