学术英语论文写作

一、学术论文的目的

• To explain new ideas and make them accessible to others
• To solve practical problems
• …

二、学术论文的类别

• Reseach paper 研究论文 (√)
• Review article 综述论文
• Short Communications 简报
• Poster 海报
• Oral presentation 口头报告
• …

三、学术写作的特点

1. 正式性

• 避免口语化用词，如staff, a lot of, lots of,thing, sort of
• 避免短语动词，而是使用单个动词(正式且准确)
  【❌】“make use of”
  【✔】“employ”
  【❌】“carry on”
  【✔】"conduct’’
• 避免口语中的缩写
  【❌】can’t，doesn’t…
  【✔】can not, does not…
• 避免使用对话结构，如i think, you will
• 避免too many short and simple sentences, 而是使用名词结构，介词短语，从句等

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2.客观性

• 无灵主语
  将重点放在想要传递的信息和表达的论点上，避免使用“I”,“me”,“we”,“you”
  【❌】We can infer that…
  【✔】It can be inferred that…
  【❌】I believe that…
  【✔】It is commonly believed that…

• 被动语态
  客观性，公正性
  【❌】We must appropriately evaluate genetic resources in order to effectively utilize them.
  【✔】Genetic resources must be appropriately evaluated in order to be effectively utilized.

• 名词化结构
  将动词、形容词变成名词
  【❌】We analyzed the experiment and what we found made us realize that the technique is quite complex.
  【✔】The experimental analysis showed technical complexity.

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3. 准确性

• 在不同的语境中使用特定语义的词，如money, funds, capital, cash,…都与“金钱”有关，具体使用时要分析具体含义
• 对信息，数据，图表的表述要准确，如
  【❌】an enormous increase
  【✔】an increase of 90%

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4. 复杂性

• 高度专业化的词汇
• 严格的句子结构
  从某种意义上说，学术英语有一套自己的词汇和语法模式
  学术英语有更多的科技术语，词汇的变体形式，非谓语动词，分词，不定时，动名词，从句
  In sea water, amidoxime attracts dioxide to the surface of the braids which can be on the order of 15 centimeters and run multiple meters in the length depending on where they are deployed.

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