数据可视化——matplotlib

数据可视化——matplotlib

散点图

散点图可以用来判断数据的相关性

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

height=[161,170,182,175,173,165]
weight=[50,58,80,70,69,55]
# s代表点的大小，c代表颜色, marker代表点的形状, alpha代表透明度
plt.scatter(height,weight, s = 20, c = 'b', marker = 'o', alpha = 0.5)
plt.show()

折线图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as mdates

x=np.linspace(-10,10,100)
y=x**2
plt.plot(x,y,linestyle = '-', color = 'green', marker = '<')
plt.show()
# plot_date函数可以自动识别date数据并将其转换成相应的时间日期
plt.plot_date(date,close)
plt.show()

条形图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
y=[20,10,30,25,15]
index = np.arange(5)
p1 = plt.bar(index, height=y,width=0.5,bottom=100,color='red')
plt.show()

# orientation = 'horizontal'意味着画水平的条形图，width, index等需要灵活变换
p2 = plt.bar(bottom=index, width=y,height=0.5,orientation='horizontal')

plt.show()

# barh也是画水平条形图
p3=plt.barh(bottom=index,width=y,height=0.5)

plt.show()

index=np.arange(4)

sales_BJ=[52,55,63,53]
sales_SH=[44,66,55,41]

bar_width=0.3

plt.bar(index,sales_BJ,bar_width,color='b')
# index+bar_width画两条并列的条形图
plt.bar(index+bar_width,sales_SH,bar_width,color='r')
plt.show()

# bottom=sales_BJ画出层叠图
plt.bar(index,sales_BJ,bar_width,color='b')
plt.bar(index,sales_SH,bar_width,color='r',bottom=sales_BJ)
plt.show()

直方图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


mu = 100  # mean of distribution
sigma = 20  # standard deviation of distribution
x = mu + sigma * np.random.randn