Android Volley 源码解读

概述
本篇文章将从源码的角度学习Volley的工作流程。关于Volley的用法，我在上一篇Android Volley 通信框架应用解析已经说明。
Volley中有不少的类，为了能够梳理清晰的结构，我选择从项目中使用Volley的步骤开始。在使用Volley时，我们首先需要创建一个RequestQueue的对象，执行代码：

RequestQueue requestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(context);

进入方法，代码如下：

   /**
     * Creates a default instance of the worker pool and calls {@link RequestQueue#start()} on it.
     *
     * @param context A {@link Context} to use for creating the cache dir.
     * @return A started {@link RequestQueue} instance.
     */
    public static RequestQueue newRequestQueue(Context context) {
        return newRequestQueue(context, null);
    }
这个方法中只有一句话，调用了方法重载，继续：
    /**
     * Creates a default instance of the worker pool and calls {@link RequestQueue#start()} on it.
     *
     * @param context A {@link Context} to use for creating the cache dir.
     * @param stack An {@link HttpStack} to use for the network, or null for default.
     * @return A started {@link RequestQueue} instance.
     */
    public static RequestQueue newRequestQueue(Context context, HttpStack stack) {
        File cacheDir = new File(context.getCacheDir(), DEFAULT_CACHE_DIR);

        String userAgent = "volley/0";
        try {
            String packageName = context.getPackageName();
            PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(packageName, 0);
            userAgent = packageName + "/" + info.versionCode;
        } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
        }

        if (stack == null) {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) {
                stack = new HurlStack();
            } else {
                // Prior to Gingerbread, HttpUrlConnection was unreliable.
                // See: http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/09/androids-http-clients.html
                stack = new HttpClientStack(AndroidHttpClient.newInstance(userAgent));
            }
        }

        Network network = new BasicNetwork(stack);

        RequestQueue queue = new RequestQueue(new DiskBasedCache(cacheDir), network);
        queue.start();

        return queue;
    }

上面的代码中，如果stack为空时，这里面有一个判断逻辑，根据当前SDK的版本号去实例化对象。版本号大于等于9（andorid 2.3）时，则创建HurlStack对象，否则创建的是HttpClientStack对象。关于HurlStack对象，使用的是HttpURLConnection访问网络，而HttpClientStack对象，则是使用HttpClient方式访问网络。接着创建Network对象，将stack传入该对象中，主要是用来处理网络请求。接着创建RequestQueue对象，传入上面的network对象，并调用内部start方法启动，最后返回该queue。
我们进入start()方法，看看里面执行了什么操作，看代码：

    /**
     * Starts the dispatchers in this queue.
     */
    public void start() {
        stop();  // Make sure any currently running dispatchers are stopped.
        // Create the cache dispatcher and start it.
        mCacheDispatcher = new CacheDispatcher(mCacheQueue, mNetworkQueue, mCache, mDelivery);
        mCacheDispatcher.start();

        // Create network dispatchers (and corresponding threads) up to the pool size.
        for (int i = 0; i < mDispatchers.length; i++) {
            NetworkDispatcher networkDispatcher = new NetworkDispatcher(mNetworkQueue, mNetwork,
                    mCache, mDelivery);
            mDispatchers[i] = networkDispatcher;
            networkDispatcher.start();
        }
    }

这个方法主要是用来调度这个请求队列，首先创建mCacheDispatcher对象，该对象是继承自Thread，并调用start方法启动它。顾名思义该线程主要是处理缓存请求任务。接着for循环中，创建4个NetworkDispatcher的线程对象，并启动它。该4个线程主要是用来调度网络请求。于是，在初始化RequestQueue后，总共会有5个线程在后台运行，不断的等待网络请求的到来。
完成RequestQueue的创建之后，再创建一个Request对象，然后直接调用requestQueue.add(request)，这样开始了一个网络请求。
现在我们继续进入add方法中，代码如下：

    /**
     * Adds a Request to the dispatch queue.
     * @param request The request to service
     * @return The passed-in request
     */
    public Request add(Request request) {
        // Tag the request as belonging to this queue and add it to the set of current requests.
        request.setRequestQueue(this);
        synchronized (mCurrentRequests) {
            mCurrentRequests.add(request);
        }

        // Process requests in the order they are added.
        request.setSequence(getSequenceNumber());
        request.addMarker("add-to-queue");

        // If the request is uncacheable, skip the cache queue and go straight to the network.
        if (!request.shouldCache()) {
            mNetworkQueue.add(request);
            return request;
        }

        // Insert request into stage if there's already a request with the same cache key in flight.
        synchronized (mWaitingRequests) {
            String cacheKey = request.getCacheKey();
            if (mWaitingRequests.containsKey(cacheKey)) {
                // There is already a request in flight. Queue up.
                Queue<Request> stagedRequests = mWaitingRequests.get(cacheKey);
                if (stagedRequests == null) {
                    stagedRequests = new LinkedList<Request>();
                }
                stagedRequests.add(request);
                mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, stagedRequests);
                if (VolleyLog.DEBUG) {
                    VolleyLog.v("Request for cacheKey=%s is in flight, putting on hold.", cacheKey);
                }
            } else {
                // Insert 'null' queue for this cacheKey, indicating there is now a request in
                // flight.
                mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, null);
                mCacheQueue.add(request);
            }
            return request;
        }
    }

在add方法中传入一个request之后，执行setRequestQueue（this），设置当前的RequestQueue对象到该request中，然后将该request加入到set集合mCurrentRequests中。接着if判断该request是否设置了缓存条件，默认为true，你可以通过setShouldCache来设定是否需要缓存。如果没有设置缓存，则将该request直接加入到网络请求队列中，然后直接返回该request。如果设置了缓存，则判断cacheKey也就是url地址，在临时等待的缓存中查看是否已经存在该请求任务，并将该request加入mCacheQueue缓存队列中来。
我们可以直接关注CacheDispatcher对象的run方法，如下：

/**
 * Provides a thread for performing cache triage on a queue of requests.
 *
 * Requests added to the specified cache queue are resolved from cache.
 * Any deliverable response is posted back to the caller via a
 * {@link ResponseDelivery}.  Cache misses and responses that require
 * refresh are enqueued on the specified network queue for processing
 * by a {@link NetworkDispatcher}.
 */
public class CacheDispatcher extends Thread {

    private static final boolean DEBUG = VolleyLog.DEBUG;

    /** The queue of requests coming in for triage. */
    private final BlockingQueue<Request<?>> mCacheQueue;

    /** The queue of requests going out to the network. */
    private final BlockingQueue<Request<?>> mNetworkQueue;

    /** The cache to read from. */
    private final Cache mCache;

    /** For posting responses. */
    private final ResponseDelivery mDelivery;

    /** Used for telling us to die. */
    private volatile boolean mQuit = false;

    /**
     * Creates a new cache triage dispatcher thread.  You must call {@link #start()}
     * in order to begin processing.
     *
     * @param cacheQueue Queue of incoming requests for triage
     * @param networkQueue Queue to post requests that require network to
     * @param cache Cache interface to use for resolution
     * @param delivery Delivery interface to use for posting responses
     */
    public CacheDispatcher(
            BlockingQueue<Request<?>> cacheQueue, BlockingQueue<Request<?>> networkQueue,
            Cache cache, ResponseDelivery delivery) {
        mCacheQueue = cacheQueue;
        mNetworkQueue = networkQueue;
        mCache = cache;
        mDelivery = delivery;
    }

    /**
     * Forces this dispatcher to quit immediately.  If any requests are still in
     * the queue, they are not guaranteed to be processed.
     */
    public void quit() {
        mQuit = true;
        interrupt();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if (DEBUG) VolleyLog.v("start new dispatcher");
        Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);

        // Make a blocking call to initialize the cache.
        mCache.initialize();

        while (true) {
            try {
                // Get a request from the cache triage queue, blocking until
                // at least one is available.
                final Request<?> request = mCacheQueue.take();
                request.addMarker("cache-queue-take");

                // If the request has been canceled, don't bother dispatching it.
                if (request.isCanceled()) {
                    request.finish("cache-discard-canceled");
                    continue;
                }

                // Attempt to retrieve this item from cache.
                Cache.Entry entry = mCache.get(request.getCacheKey());
                if (entry == null) {
                    request.addMarker("cache-miss");
                    // Cache miss; send off to the network dispatcher.
                    mNetworkQueue.put(request);
                    continue;
                }

                // If it is completely expired, just send it to the network.
                if (entry.isExpired()) {
                    request.addMarker("cache-hit-expired");
                    request.setCacheEntry(entry);
                    mNetworkQueue.put(request);
                    continue;
                }

                // We have a cache hit; parse its data for delivery back to the request.
                request.addMarker("cache-hit");
                Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(
                        new NetworkResponse(entry.data, entry.responseHeaders));
                request.addMarker("cache-hit-parsed");

                if (!entry.refreshNeeded()) {
                    // Completely unexpired cache hit. Just deliver the response.
                    mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
                } else {
                    // Soft-expired cache hit. We can deliver the cached response,
                    // but we need to also send the request to the network for
                    // refreshing.
                    request.addMarker("cache-hit-refresh-needed");
                    request.setCacheEntry(entry);

                    // Mark the response as intermediate.
                    response.intermediate = true;

                    // Post the intermediate response back to the user and have
                    // the delivery then forward the request along to the network.
                    mDelivery.postResponse(request, response, new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            try {
                                mNetworkQueue.put(request);
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                // Not much we can do about this.
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // We may have been interrupted because it was time to quit.
                if (mQuit) {
                    return;
                }
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
}

我们在run方法中，可以看到while（true）是一个无限循环的方法，然后取出缓存队列mCacheQueue中的request请求，
判断该request是否被canceled，接着判断在缓存中是否有该请求的实体，如果没有则重新加入到网络请求队列mNetworkQueue中，接着下面执行一个重要的方法parseNetworkResponse，解析网络中返回的数据，然后通过接口mDelivery将结果通过postResponse方法，传递到request对象中，最后通过request中的deliverResponse方法将结果传递出来。
我们继续看NetworkDispatcher类中代码：

/**
 * Provides a thread for performing network dispatch from a queue of requests.
 *
 * Requests added to the specified queue are processed from the network via a
 * specified {@link Network} interface. Responses are committed to cache, if
 * eligible, using a specified {@link Cache} interface. Valid responses and
 * errors are posted back to the caller via a {@link ResponseDelivery}.
 */
public class NetworkDispatcher extends Thread {
    /** The queue of requests to service. */
    private final BlockingQueue<Request<?>> mQueue;
    /** The network interface for processing requests. */
    private final Network mNetwork;
    /** The cache to write to. */
    private final Cache mCache;
    /** For posting responses and errors. */
    private final ResponseDelivery mDelivery;
    /** Used for telling us to die. */
    private volatile boolean mQuit = false;

    /**
     * Creates a new network dispatcher thread.  You must call {@link #start()}
     * in order to begin processing.
     *
     * @param queue Queue of incoming requests for triage
     * @param network Network interface to use for performing requests
     * @param cache Cache interface to use for writing responses to cache
     * @param delivery Delivery interface to use for posting responses
     */
    public NetworkDispatcher(BlockingQueue<Request<?>> queue,
            Network network, Cache cache,
            ResponseDelivery delivery) {
        mQueue = queue;
        mNetwork = network;
        mCache = cache;
        mDelivery = delivery;
    }

    /**
     * Forces this dispatcher to quit immediately.  If any requests are still in
     * the queue, they are not guaranteed to be processed.
     */
    public void quit() {
        mQuit = true;
        interrupt();
    }

    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH)
    private void addTrafficStatsTag(Request<?> request) {
        // Tag the request (if API >= 14)
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {
            TrafficStats.setThreadStatsTag(request.getTrafficStatsTag());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
        while (true) {
            long startTimeMs = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
            Request<?> request;
            try {
                // Take a request from the queue.
                request = mQueue.take();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // We may have been interrupted because it was time to quit.
                if (mQuit) {
                    return;
                }
                continue;
            }

            try {
                request.addMarker("network-queue-take");

                // If the request was cancelled already, do not perform the
                // network request.
                if (request.isCanceled()) {
                    request.finish("network-discard-cancelled");
                    continue;
                }

                addTrafficStatsTag(request);

                // Perform the network request.
                NetworkResponse networkResponse = mNetwork.performRequest(request);
                request.addMarker("network-http-complete");

                // If the server returned 304 AND we delivered a response already,
                // we're done -- don't deliver a second identical response.
                if (networkResponse.notModified && request.hasHadResponseDelivered()) {
                    request.finish("not-modified");
                    continue;
                }

                // Parse the response here on the worker thread.
                Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(networkResponse);
                request.addMarker("network-parse-complete");

                // Write to cache if applicable.
                // TODO: Only update cache metadata instead of entire record for 304s.
                if (request.shouldCache() && response.cacheEntry != null) {
                    mCache.put(request.getCacheKey(), response.cacheEntry);
                    request.addMarker("network-cache-written");
                }

                // Post the response back.
                request.markDelivered();
                mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
            } catch (VolleyError volleyError) {
                volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs);
                parseAndDeliverNetworkError(request, volleyError);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                VolleyLog.e(e, "Unhandled exception %s", e.toString());
                VolleyError volleyError = new VolleyError(e);
                volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs);
                mDelivery.postError(request, volleyError);
            }
        }
    }

    private void parseAndDeliverNetworkError(Request<?> request, VolleyError error) {
        error = request.parseNetworkError(error);
        mDelivery.postError(request, error);
    }
}

同样可以看到，在run方法中执行的是一个无限循环，说明该进程会一直运行，首先取出一个request对象，接着判断该request是否被canceled，然后调用mNetwork对象的mNetwork.performRequest(request)，来执行网络请求，mNetwork在初始化时，使用的是BasicNetwork的对象。在得到一个网络返回networkResponse之后，同样开始执行request.parseNetworkResponse(networkResponse)，来解析返回的结果，最后又会调用ExecutorDelivery的postResponse方法，来回调解析后的数据结果。
代码如下：

    @Override
    public void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response) {
        postResponse(request, response, null);
    }

    @Override
    public void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response, Runnable runnable) {
        request.markDelivered();
        request.addMarker("post-response");
        mResponsePoster.execute(new ResponseDeliveryRunnable(request, response, runnable));
    }

ResponseDeliveryRunnable中的关键代码：

      @Override
        public void run() {
            // If this request has canceled, finish it and don't deliver.
            if (mRequest.isCanceled()) {
                mRequest.finish("canceled-at-delivery");
                return;
            }

            // Deliver a normal response or error, depending.
            if (mResponse.isSuccess()) {
                mRequest.deliverResponse(mResponse.result);
            } else {
                mRequest.deliverError(mResponse.error);
            }

            // If this is an intermediate response, add a marker, otherwise we're done
            // and the request can be finished.
            if (mResponse.intermediate) {
                mRequest.addMarker("intermediate-response");
            } else {
                mRequest.finish("done");
            }

            // If we have been provided a post-delivery runnable, run it.
            if (mRunnable != null) {
                mRunnable.run();
            }
       }

这里我们就能看见熟悉的mRequest.deliverResponse(mResponse.result)方法了，然后就可以将解析的结果数据返回了。
以上便是Volley处理网络请求的业务流程了，概述如下：在主线程中调用RequestQueue的add()方法来添加一条网络请求，这条请求会先被加入到缓存队列当中，如果发现可以找到相应的缓存结果就直接读取缓存并解析，然后回调给主线程。如果在缓存中没有找到结果，则将这条请求加入到网络请求队列中，然后处理发送HTTP请求，解析响应结果，写入缓存，并回调主线程。
Ok，以上便将Volley的源码学习结束了。