make install的实现
make #1
make install #2 3 4
make clean #5
1)将源文件编译成二进制可执行文件(包含各种库文件)
2) 创建目录,将可执行文件拷贝到指定目录(安装目录)
3) 加载全局可执行的路径
4) 加全局的启停脚本
5) 重置编译环境,删除无关文件
例:在一个目录下新建一个名为main.c的C程序源文件:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
int i = 0;
while (1){
i++;
printf("main-running--%d\n",i);
fflush(stdout);
sleep(1);
}
return 0;
}
在相同目录下,新建一个Makefile文件,这个Makefile能够实现make,make install和make clean功能,其内容如下:
TARGET:=main
OBJS:=$(TARGET).o
INSTALL_PATH:=/tmp/local
USR_LOCAL_PATH:=/usr/local/bin
LOG:=/tmp/local/main.log
$(TARGET):$(OBJS)
install:
if [ -d $(INSTALL_PATH) ];\
then echo "$(INATALL_PATH) exists";\
else \
mkdir -p $(INSTALL_PATH);\
cp $(TARGET) $(INSTALL_PATH);\
ln -s $(INSTALL_PATH)/$(TARGET) $(USR_LOCAL_PATH)/$(TARGET);\
if [ ! -f $(LOG) ];\
then touch $(LOG) && echo "Create Log file:$(LOG)" || (echo "cannot create $(LOG) file" && exit 1);\
else \
echo " $(LOG) file already exits";\
fi;\
echo "$(TARGET)>$(LOG) &">$(USR_LOCAL_PATH)/$(TARGET)_start;\
echo "killall $(TARGET)">$(USR_LOCAL_PATH)/$(TARGET)_stop;\
chmod +x $(USR_LOCAL_PATH)/$(TARGET)_start;\
chmod +x $(USR_LOCAL_PATH)/$(TARGET)_stop;\
fi
clean:
$(RM) -r $(INSTALL_PATH)
$(RM) *.o $(TARGET) $(USR_LOCAL_PATH)/$(TARGET) $(LOG) $(USR_LOCAL_PATH)/$(TARGET)_start \
$(USR_LOCAL_PATH)/$(TARGET)_stop
.PHONY:clean install
以上内容解析:
1) 指定编译要生成的可执行文件名称为main,它依赖的对象文件为main.o。
2) make install执行时, INSTALL_PATH指定的路径不存在,则创建这个路径,并且把main从当前路径复制到INSTALL_PATH指定目录下,并且在USR_LOCAL_PATH指定路径下新建一个软连接main指向这个程序的安装路径中的main程序。如果LOG指定的文件存在,则新建一个此名称的文件。在/usr/local/bin目录下新建两个文件main_start和main_stop,其内容分别为main>/tmp/local/main.log &和killall main,作用分别是用于后台启动main以及结束main程序的。chmod是将main_start和main_stop两个脚本赋予执行权限。
3) make clean:用于清除make以及make install生成的文件和目录。
执行make && make install命令:
[root@main-machine d9]# make && make install
g++ -c -o main.o main.cpp
cc main.o -o main
if [ -d /tmp/local ];\
then echo " exists";\
else \
mkdir -p /tmp/local;\
cp main /tmp/local;\
ln -s /tmp/local/main /usr/local/bin/main;\
if [ ! -f /tmp/local/main.log ];\
then touch /tmp/local/main.log && echo "Create Log file:/tmp/local/main.log" || (echo "cannot create /tmp/local/main.log file" && exit 1);\
else \
echo " /tmp/local/main.log file already exits";\
fi;\
echo "main>/tmp/local/main.log &">/usr/local/bin/main_start;\
echo "killall main">/usr/local/bin/main_stop;\
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/main_start;\
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/main_stop;\
fi
Create Log file:/tmp/local/main.log
运行main_start,用tail -f /tmp/local/main.log查看main.log的内容,每秒钟,文件多一行:
[root@main-machine d9]# main_start
[root@main-machine d9]# tail -f /tmp/local/main.log
main-running--12
main-running--13
main-running--14
main-running--15
main-running--16
main-running--17
main-running--18
main-running--19
main-running--20
main-running--21
main-running--22
main-running--23
main-running--24
用ps -f查看当前运行的进程,当前有一个名称为main的进程正在运行:
[root@main-machine d9]# ps -f
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 473109 469614 0 14:47 pts/8 00:00:00 su
root 473115 473109 0 14:47 pts/8 00:00:00 bash
root 474988 1 0 16:04 pts/8 00:00:00 main
root 474997 473115 0 16:05 pts/8 00:00:00 ps -f
执行main_stop,用ps -f查看当前运行的进程,刚才运行的main进程,消失了:
[root@main-machine d9]# ps -f
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 473109 469614 0 14:47 pts/8 00:00:00 su
root 473115 473109 0 14:47 pts/8 00:00:00 bash
root 475002 473115 0 16:05 pts/8 00:00:00 ps -f
用tail -f /tmp/local/main.log查看文件变化,其内容也不发生变化了。
执行make clean清除make和make install生成的文件和目录:
[root@main-machine d9]# make clean
rm -f -r /tmp/local
rm -f *.o main /usr/local/bin/main /tmp/local/main.log /usr/local/bin/main_start \
/usr/local/bin/main_stop
main_start,main_stop脚本,main程序以及对象文件,都被删除了:
[root@main-machine d9]# main_stop
bash: /usr/local/bin/main_stop: No such file or directory
[root@main-machine d9]# main_start
bash: /usr/local/bin/main_start: No such file or directory
[root@main-machine d9]# ls
main.cpp Makefile