定义
工厂方法模式(Factory Method),定义一个用于创建对象的接口,让子类决定实例化哪一个类。工厂方法使一个类的实例化延迟到其子类。
结构图
代码实例
对以前的计算器的简单工厂模式进行修改。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApplication6
{
//抽象产品角色product
public class Operation
{
private double _numberA = 0;
private double _numberB = 0;
public double numberA
{
get { return _numberA; }
set { _numberA = value; }
}
public double numberB
{
get { return _numberB; }
set { _numberB = value; }
}
public virtual double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
return result;
}
}
//具体产品角色 Concrete Product
class OperationAdd : Operation
{
public override double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
result = numberA + numberB;
return result;
}
}
class OperationSub : Operation
{
public override double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
result = numberA - numberB;
return result;
}
}
class OperationMul : Operation
{
public override double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
result = numberA * numberB;
return result;
}
}
class OperationDiv : Operation
{
public override double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
if (numberB == 0)
throw new Exception("除数不能为0.");
result = numberA / numberB;
return result;
}
}
//工厂接口
interface IFactory
{
Operation CreateOperation();
}
//具体工厂
class AddFactory : IFactory
{
public Operation CreateOperation()
{
return new OperationAdd();
}
}
class SubFactory : IFactory
{
public Operation CreateOperation()
{
return new OperationSub();
}
}
class MulFactory : IFactory
{
public Operation CreateOperation()
{
return new OperationMul();
}
}
class DivFactory : IFactory
{
public Operation CreateOperation()
{
return new OperationDiv();
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
IFactory operFactory = new AddFactory();
Operation oper = operFactory.CreateOperation();
oper.numberA = 1;
oper.numberB = 2;
double result = oper.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine("结果为:{0}", result);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
与简单工厂进行对比
简单工厂模式的最大优点是工厂类中包含了必要的逻辑判断,根据客户端的选择条件动态实例化相关的类,对于客户端来说,去除了与具体产品的依赖,然而如果我们想添加一种新的运算,那么我们必须修改工厂类,在工厂类中添加Case的分支条件,这是违反开放—封闭原则的。而在工厂模式中,如果我们想添加新的运算,只需要添加运算类和其相应的工厂类就可以了。这样就不会违反开放封闭原则。然而这样的话,判断分支就需要写在客户端中了,这一点无法解决。且每添加一种运算类,都要添加相应的工厂类,这无疑增加了额外的开放量。