1.实现不可修改的字典
def is_immutable(self):
raise TypeError('%r objects are immutable' % self.__class__.__name__)
class ImmutableDict(dict):
def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
is_immutable(self)
def update(self, *args, **kwargs):
is_immutable(self)
def pop(self, key, default=None):
is_immutable(self)
def popitem(self):
is_immutable(self)
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
is_immutable(self)
def __delitem__(self, key):
is_immutable(self)
def clear(self):
is_immutable(self)
2.自动注册子类
实现一个名为 Base 的类,且任何继承自 Base 子类将被记录,且可以通过迭代 Base 输出所有的子类名称。
两种思路:
1.直接通过__subclasses__()
方法获取到子类,并用__iter_
_迭代
#coding: utf-8
class IterableBase(type):
def __iter__(cls):
return iter(cls.__subclasses__())
def __str__(cls):
return cls.__name__
class Base(metaclass=IterableBase):
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
class Lab(Base):
pass
class Course(Base):
pass
for cls in Base:
print(cls)
2.通过一个数据结构记录子类,并迭代
class selfreigster(type):
def __init__(cls, name, bases, dct):
if not hasattr(cls, 'subclasses'):
cls.subclasses = []
else:
cls.subclasses.append(cls)
super(selfreigster, cls).__init__(name, bases, dct)
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self.subclasses)
def __str__(self):
return self.__name__
class Base(object, metaclass=selfreigster):
"""docstring for Base"""
if __name__ == '__main__':
class Lab(Base):
pass
class Course(Base):
pass
for cls in Base:
print(cls)