深度学习（五）——win10环境下将tensorflow的官方demo在Android Studio上运行

一、背景

最近需要在android上用tensorflow做一些东西，网上找了很多教程，关于windows环境下的教程不多，而且运行起来报错非常多，所以就写篇文章记录一下自己的实践经历。

二、实验效果

先给出最终运行好的实验效果图，首先是安装好了官方demo的4个app，分别是物体分类，目标检测，语言识别以及风格转换：

下面打开风格转化app，随便测试一下，可以简单看一下效果：

三、实验过程

1. 准备工作

这一步主要是确认自己的开发环境和准备相关材料。首先先给出一些网上比较好的教程供参考：

[1]在Windows7上用Android Studio编译Tensorflow_Android_Demo

[2]window 下 Android studio 上运行tensorflow

开发环境如下：

win10

Android studio

下面就是准备工作，我们需要准备的材料包括

（1）android studio开发环境

首先下载andriod studio并安装，配置好开发环境。网上教程很多，可以参考：Android Studio的下载、安装与配置

（2）tensorflow的官方demo

在github上找到tensorflow的官方源码，地址：https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow

进入后直接打包download就可以：

解压好之后，找到路径'./tensorflow-master/tensorflow/examples/android'下的文件，这些文件就是我们需要用到的文件，可以直接将其拷贝出来，放入到新的文件夹：

（3）预下载的辅助文件

为了节省时间，还需预下载一部分文件，网上其实也很好找，我把这部分文件放到了百度云上，下面直接给出地址：

百度云链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1rQLimZrNwPRJCijBFBX_hQ

提取码：psx2

下载好之后，在工程目录下直接放入gradleBuild文件夹及其文件，并新建libs文件夹，放入libtensorflow_demo.so文件。

2. 修改build.gradle

这一步是关键，修改的内容比较多，大部分可以根据报错来直接修改，下面来详细说一下修改的部分：

（1）修改jcenter()

将build.gradle中的所有jcenter() 修改为：

jcenter { url "http://jcenter.bintray.com" }

目的是下载相关的依赖包。

（2）修改gradle：3.0.1的版本

由于android studio的版本比较新，因此原demo基于老版本会报错：Could not find com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.0.1.。所以我们直接将gradle的版本修改至最新就可以了。

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.2.1'
        classpath 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.5.5'
    }

（3）修改nativeBuildSystem的类型

直接修改为：

def nativeBuildSystem = 'none'

（4）修改buildToolsVersion版本

将buildToolsVersion的版本修改为最新版本即可：

buildToolsVersion '26.0.2'

（5）将compile用implementation替代并全部添加到defaultconfig中

运行原demo中的代码会提示：Configuration 'compile' is obsolete and has been replaced with 'implementation' adn 'api'。就是说compile在新版本中已经用implementation替代了，并需要写到defaultconfig中，因此注释掉原demo中含有compile名字的变量，并添加：

    defaultConfig {
        compileSdkVersion 28
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 28
    }   //添加在android{}内

3. 开启VT技术

上述修改的地方修改完之后，直接在android studio中运行还是会报错：emulator: ERROR: x86 emulation currently requires hardware acceleration! 解决办法可以参考链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/csulennon/p/4178404.html

一方面开启硬件加速，另一方面在BIOS中打开Virtualization Technology即可。

4. 运行

完成以上的所有设置，make project，然后运行，即可在虚拟手机中找到做好的4个app了。

四、附build.gradle中所有代码

// This file provides basic support for building the TensorFlow demo
// in Android Studio with Gradle.
//
// Note that Bazel is still used by default to compile the native libs,
// and should be installed at the location noted below. This build file
// automates the process of calling out to it and copying the compiled
// libraries back into the appropriate directory.
//
// Alternatively, experimental support for Makefile builds is provided by
// setting nativeBuildSystem below to 'makefile'. This will allow building the demo
// on Windows machines, but note that full equivalence with the Bazel
// build is not yet guaranteed. See comments below for caveats and tips
// for speeding up the build, such as enabling ccache.
// NOTE: Running a make build will cause subsequent Bazel builds to *fail*
// unless the contrib/makefile/downloads/ and gen/ dirs are deleted afterwards.

// The cmake build only creates libtensorflow_demo.so. In this situation,
// libtensorflow_inference.so will be acquired via the tensorflow.aar dependency.

// It is necessary to customize Gradle's build directory, as otherwise
// it will conflict with the BUILD file used by Bazel on case-insensitive OSs.
project.buildDir = 'gradleBuild'
getProject().setBuildDir('gradleBuild')

buildscript {
    repositories {
        jcenter { url "http://jcenter.bintray.com" }
        maven {
            url 'https://maven.google.com'
        }
        google()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.2.1'
        classpath 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.5.5'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        jcenter { url "http://jcenter.bintray.com" }
        google()
    }
}

// set to 'bazel', 'cmake', 'makefile', 'none'
def nativeBuildSystem = 'none'

// Controls output directory in APK and CPU type for Bazel builds.
// NOTE: Does not affect the Makefile build target API (yet), which currently
// assumes armeabi-v7a. If building with make, changing this will require
// editing the Makefile as well.
// The CMake build has only been tested with armeabi-v7a; others may not work.
def cpuType = 'armeabi-v7a'

// Output directory in the local directory for packaging into the APK.
def nativeOutDir = 'libs/' + cpuType

// Default to building with Bazel and override with make if requested.
def nativeBuildRule = 'buildNativeBazel'
def demoLibPath = '../../../bazel-bin/tensorflow/examples/android/libtensorflow_demo.so'
def inferenceLibPath = '../../../bazel-bin/tensorflow/contrib/android/libtensorflow_inference.so'

// Override for Makefile builds.
if (nativeBuildSystem == 'makefile') {
    nativeBuildRule = 'buildNativeMake'
    demoLibPath = '../../../tensorflow/contrib/makefile/gen/lib/android_' + cpuType + '/libtensorflow_demo.so'
    inferenceLibPath = '../../../tensorflow/contrib/makefile/gen/lib/android_' + cpuType + '/libtensorflow_inference.so'
}

// If building with Bazel, this is the location of the bazel binary.
// NOTE: Bazel does not yet support building for Android on Windows,
// so in this case the Makefile build must be used as described above.
def bazelLocation = '/usr/local/bin/bazel'

// import DownloadModels task
project.ext.ASSET_DIR = projectDir.toString() + '/assets'
project.ext.TMP_DIR   = project.buildDir.toString() + '/downloads'

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    //compileSdkVersion 28
    buildToolsVersion '28.0.3'

    if (nativeBuildSystem == 'cmake') {
        defaultConfig {
            applicationId = 'org.tensorflow.demo'
            //minSdkVersion 25
            //targetSdkVersion 28
            ndk {
                abiFilters "${cpuType}"
            }
            externalNativeBuild {
                cmake {
                    arguments '-DANDROID_TOOLCHAIN=gcc', '-DANDROID_STL=gnustl_static'
                }
            }
        }
        externalNativeBuild {
            cmake {
                path './jni/CMakeLists.txt'
            }
        }
    }

    lintOptions {
        abortOnError false
    }

    sourceSets {
        main {
            if (nativeBuildSystem == 'bazel' || nativeBuildSystem == 'makefile') {
                // TensorFlow Java API sources.
                java {
                    srcDir '../../java/src/main/java'
                    exclude '**/examples/**'
                }

                // Android TensorFlow wrappers, etc.
                java {
                    srcDir '../../contrib/android/java'
                }
            }
            // Android demo app sources.
            java {
                srcDir 'src'
            }

            manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
            resources.srcDirs = ['src']
            aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
            renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
            res.srcDirs = ['res']
            assets.srcDirs = [project.ext.ASSET_DIR]
            jniLibs.srcDirs = ['libs']
        }

        debug.setRoot('build-types/debug')
        release.setRoot('build-types/release')
    }
    defaultConfig {
        compileSdkVersion 28
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 28
    }
}

task buildNativeBazel(type: Exec) {
    workingDir '../../..'
    commandLine bazelLocation, 'build', '-c', 'opt',  \
         'tensorflow/examples/android:tensorflow_native_libs',  \
         '--crosstool_top=//external:android/crosstool',  \
         '--cpu=' + cpuType,  \
         '--host_crosstool_top=@bazel_tools//tools/cpp:toolchain'
}

task buildNativeMake(type: Exec) {
    environment "NDK_ROOT", android.ndkDirectory
    // Tip: install ccache and uncomment the following to speed up
    // builds significantly.
    // environment "CC_PREFIX", 'ccache'
    workingDir '../../..'
    commandLine 'tensorflow/contrib/makefile/build_all_android.sh',  \
         '-s',  \
         'tensorflow/contrib/makefile/sub_makefiles/android/Makefile.in',  \
         '-t',  \
         'libtensorflow_inference.so libtensorflow_demo.so all'  \
         , '-a', cpuType  \
         //, '-T'  // Uncomment to skip protobuf and speed up subsequent builds.
}


task copyNativeLibs(type: Copy) {
    from demoLibPath
    from inferenceLibPath
    into nativeOutDir
    duplicatesStrategy = 'include'
    dependsOn nativeBuildRule
    fileMode 0644
}

tasks.whenTaskAdded { task ->
    if (nativeBuildSystem == 'bazel' || nativeBuildSystem == 'makefile') {
        if (task.name == 'assembleDebug') {
            task.dependsOn 'copyNativeLibs'
        }
        if (task.name == 'assembleRelease') {
            task.dependsOn 'copyNativeLibs'
        }
    }
}

// Download default models; if you wish to use your own models then
// place them in the "assets" directory and comment out this line.
apply from: "download-models.gradle"


dependencies {
    if (nativeBuildSystem == 'cmake' || nativeBuildSystem == 'none') {
        implementation 'org.tensorflow:tensorflow-android:+'
    }
}