for_each()浅析

for_each()算法非常灵活，它可以不同的方式存取，处理，修改每一个元素

对于区间[beg,end)中的每个元素调用op(elem)

返回op的一个副本

op可以改变元素，注意它和transform的差别

op的任何返回值被忽略

复杂度：线性，numberofElement次

UnaryProc
for_each(InputIterator beg,InputIterator end,UnaryProc op)

用for_each()用于给定一个区间，然后重复执行某个函数，如下；

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<functional>
using namespace std;
void print(int a){
 cout<<a<<" ";
}
void charu(vector<int>&v,int begin,int last){
 for(int i=begin;i<=last;++i){
  v.push_back(i);
 }
}
int main(){
 int a[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
 vector<int>v(a,a+10);
 for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),print);
 cout<<endl;
 
 charu(v,10,20);
 for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),print);
 cout<<endl;
 system("pause");
 return 0;
}

for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),print)打印begin()--->v.end()之间的元素

此外可以用for_each()返回一个对象，如下：

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class MeanValue{
private:
	long num;
	long sum;
public:
	MeanValue():num(0),sum(0){}
	void operator()(int elem){
		num++;
		sum+=elem;
	}
	double values(){
		return static_cast<double>(sum)/static_cast<double>(num);
	}

};
int main(){
	
	int a[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
	vector<int>v(a,a+10);
	MeanValue mv=for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),MeanValue());
	cout<<mv.values()<<endl;
	for(vector<int>::iterator itera=v.begin();itera!=v.end();++itera){
		cout<<*itera<<" ";
	}
	cout<<endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

与下面的代码等价

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class MeanValue{
private:
	long num;
	long sum;
public:
	MeanValue():num(0),sum(0){}
	void operator()(int elem){
		num++;
		sum+=elem;
	}
	operator double(){
		return static_cast<double>(sum)/static_cast<double>(num);
	}
};
int main(){
	
	int a[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
	vector<int>v(a,a+10);
	double d=for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),MeanValue());
	cout<<d<<endl;
	for(vector<int>::iterator itera=v.begin();itera!=v.end();++itera){
		cout<<*itera<<" ";
	}
	cout<<endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}