matplot 绘制图例和标注

#coding:utf8
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1,2,50)
y1 = 2*x +1
y2 = x**2

#method one
#l1, =plt.plot(x,y1)
#l2, =plt.plot(x,y2)

#plt.legend(handles =[l1,l2,] , labels=['1','2'], loc = 'best')//或者可以自己调节图例的位置 loc=1 在右上角 =2左上角 =3 左下角 =4 右下角 一般 =‘best’ 自动调整

#method two

plt.plot(x,y1,label = 'one')
plt.plot(x,y2,label = 'two')

plt.legend()

plt.show()

2.

#coding:utf8
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1,2,50)
y1 = 2*x +1
l1, =plt.plot(x,y1,label = 'one')
plt.legend(handles =[l1,] , labels=['1'], loc = 2)

###得到各个边的坐标进行处理

ax = plt.gca()

ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')#右边设置为空
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')#上边设置为空
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')#下边设置为x轴
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')#左边设置为y轴
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))#设置y轴起始点
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0))#设置x轴起始点

x0 = 1.5;
y0 = 2*x0 +1
plt.scatter(x0,y0,s = 50,color = 'r',lw= 2)#散列要标注的坐标点
plt.plot([x0,x0],[0,y0],'--')####绘制(x0,0)->(x0,y0)的虚线

##method one
plt.annotate(r'$2x+1=%s$'%y0,xy = (x0,y0),xycoords = 'data',xytext= (+30,-30),textcoords = 'offset points',fontsize = 16,arrowprops = dict(arrowstyle = '->',connectionstyle = 'arc3,rad = .2'))#参数xycoords说明要指向点位置要参考定义的‘data’（0，0）点，xytest表达式相对于xy偏移的量，textcoords表示偏移 ，fontsize 字体大小，arrowprops表示箭头的一些属性 connectionstyle 指的箭头的弯曲弧度
##method two
plt.text(-1,3,r'$There\ are\ some\ expecial\ symbols.\ \mu \ \sigma_i\ \alpha_t$',fontdict={'size':20,'color':'b'})
plt.show()

3.

突出显示坐标轴防止被绘制的线覆盖，可以使用循环并更改每一个坐标轴上的label来进行显示

for label in ax.get_xticklabels() + ax.get_yticklabels():
    label.set_fontsize(10)
    label.set_bbox(dict(facecolor = 'white',edgecolor = 'None',alpha = 0.7))#alpha 代表透明度多少 0.7 则透明度70%